article · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D, Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology · 2014
Depth of maximum of air-shower profiles at the Pierre Auger Observatory. I. Measurements at energies above<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>17.8</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>eV</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>
A. Aab, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, E. J. Ahn, I. Al Samarai, I. F. M. Albuquerque, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, A. Almela, J. Alvarez Castillo, Jaime Álvarez-Muñiz, Rafael Alves Batista, M. Ambrosio, A. Aminaei, Luis A. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, C. Aramo, V. Aranda, F. Arqueros, H. Asorey, P. Assis, J. Aublin, M. Ave, M. Avenier, G. Ávila, N. Awal, Alina Mihaela Badescu, K. B. Barber, J. Bäuml, C. Baus, J. J. Beatty, K. H. Becker, Jose A. Bellido, C. Bérat, M. E. Bertaina, X. Bertou, Peter L. Biermann, P. Billoir, S. G. Blaess, F. Blanco, C. Bleve, H. Blümer, M. Boháčová, Denise Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, Nataliia Borodai, J. Brack, I. M. Brancus and 435 more
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Abstract
We report a study of the distributions of the depth of maximum, ${X}_{\mathrm{max}}$, of extensive air-shower profiles with energies above $1{0}^{17.8}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}$ as observed with the fluorescence telescopes of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The analysis method for selecting a data sample with minimal sampling bias is described in detail as well as the experimental cross-checks and systematic uncertainties. Furthermore, we discuss the detector acceptance and the resolution of the ${X}_{\mathrm{max}}$ measurement and provide parametrizations thereof as a function of energy. The energy dependence of the mean and standard deviation of the ${X}_{\mathrm{max}}$ distributions are compared to air-shower simulations for different nuclear primaries and interpreted in terms of the mean and variance of the logarithmic mass distribution at the top of the atmosphere.
Cite this paper
Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E. J., Al Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Almela, A., Castillo, J. A., Álvarez-Muñiz, J., Batista, R. A., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L. A., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Aranda, V., . . . Brancus, I. M. (2014). Depth of maximum of air-shower profiles at the Pierre Auger Observatory. I. Measurements at energies above<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>17.8</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>eV</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>. Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D, Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology, 90(12). https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.90.122005
Aab, A., et al. “Depth of maximum of air-shower profiles at the Pierre Auger Observatory. I. Measurements at energies above<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>17.8</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>eV</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>.” Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D, Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology, vol. 90, no. 12, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.90.122005.
Aab, A., P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, E. J. Ahn, I. Al Samarai, I. F. M. Albuquerque, I. Allekotte, et al. 2014. “Depth of maximum of air-shower profiles at the Pierre Auger Observatory. I. Measurements at energies above<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>17.8</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>eV</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>.” Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D, Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology 90 (12). https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.90.122005.
Aab, A. et al. (2014) ‘Depth of maximum of air-shower profiles at the Pierre Auger Observatory. I. Measurements at energies above<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>17.8</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>eV</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>’, Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D, Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology, 90(12). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.90.122005.
@article{aab2014depth,
title = {{Depth of maximum of air-shower profiles at the Pierre Auger Observatory. I. Measurements at energies above<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>17.8</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>eV</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>}},
author = {Aab, A. and Abreu, P. and Aglietta, M. and Ahn, E. J. and Al Samarai, I. and Albuquerque, I. F. M. and Allekotte, I. and Allen, J. and Allison, P. and Almela, A. and Castillo, J. Alvarez and Álvarez-Muñiz, Jaime and Batista, Rafael Alves and Ambrosio, M. and Aminaei, A. and Anchordoqui, Luis A. and Andringa, S. and Aramo, C. and Aranda, V. and Arqueros, F. and Asorey, H. and Assis, P. and Aublin, J. and Ave, M. and Avenier, M. and Ávila, G. and Awal, N. and Badescu, Alina Mihaela and Barber, K. B. and Bäuml, J. and Baus, C. and Beatty, J. J. and Becker, K. H. and Bellido, Jose A. and Bérat, C. and Bertaina, M. E. and Bertou, X. and Biermann, Peter L. and Billoir, P. and Blaess, S. G. and Blanco, F. and Bleve, C. and Blümer, H. and Boháčová, M. and Boncioli, Denise and Bonifazi, C. and Bonino, R. and Borodai, Nataliia and Brack, J. and Brancus, I. M. and others},
journal = {Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D, Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology},
volume = {90},
number = {12},
year = {2014},
doi = {10.1103/physrevd.90.122005}
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