article · Electronics · 2024

Efficient Twiddle Factor Generators for NTT

Nari Im, Heehun Yang, Yujin Eom, Seong-Cheon Park, Hoyoung Yoo

Cited by 2Open access

Abstract

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) allows computations on encrypted data without decryption, providing strong security for sensitive information. However, computational and memory demands for FHE are significant challenges, particularly in the Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) phase. This paper presents three efficient Twiddle Factor Generators (TFGs) to address these challenges: the Half-Memory TFG, the On-the-fly Serial TFG, and the On-the-fly Parallel TFG. The Half-Memory TFG reduces memory usage by storing only half of the twiddle factors and calculating the rest as needed. The On-the-fly Serial TFG eliminates memory requirements by computing twiddle factors, while the On-the-fly Parallel TFG enhances computational speed through parallel processing. Implemented on the FPGA KCU105 board, these TFGs demonstrated significant improvements in hardware resource utilization and computational efficiency. The Half-Memory TFG effectively reduces memory footprint, the On-the-fly Serial TFG eliminates memory usage with acceptable computational overhead, and the On-the-fly Parallel TFG offers superior performance for high-throughput applications. These innovations make FHE more practical for real-world applications, contributing to the broader goal of enabling secure, privacy-preserving computations on encrypted data.

Cite this paper

APA 7

Im, N., Yang, H., Eom, Y., Park, S.-C., & Yoo, H. (2024). Efficient Twiddle Factor Generators for NTT. Electronics, 13(16), 3128. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13163128

MLA 9

Im, Nari, et al. “Efficient Twiddle Factor Generators for NTT.” Electronics, vol. 13, no. 16, 2024, p. 3128, https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13163128.

Chicago

Im, Nari, Heehun Yang, Yujin Eom, Seong-Cheon Park, and Hoyoung Yoo. 2024. “Efficient Twiddle Factor Generators for NTT.” Electronics 13 (16): 3128. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13163128.

Harvard

Im, N. et al. (2024) ‘Efficient Twiddle Factor Generators for NTT’, Electronics, 13(16), p. 3128. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13163128.

BibTeX

@article{im2024efficient,
  title = {{Efficient Twiddle Factor Generators for NTT}},
  author = {Im, Nari and Yang, Heehun and Eom, Yujin and Park, Seong-Cheon and Yoo, Hoyoung},
  journal = {Electronics},
  volume = {13},
  number = {16},
  pages = {3128},
  year = {2024},
  doi = {10.3390/electronics13163128}
}

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