preprint · 2025

AutoFocus: AI/ML-driven real-time wavefront diagnostics to autonomously align and optimize X-ray optics

Luca Rebuffi, Runyu Zhang, Xianbo Shi, Yu-Chung Lin, Jiyong Zhao, Min Hu, Thomas Toellner, Mathew J. Cherukara, Lahsen Assoufid

Cited by 0Abstract and details only

Abstract

We present an integrated system that combines advanced wavefront diagnostics with artificial intelligence (AI) to automate and optimize X-ray optics at synchrotron beamlines. This system couples real-time wavefront sensing with AI-driven control algorithms to achieve precise beam alignment, stabilization, and performance optimization. A key feature is the use of multi-fidelity transfer learning, which enables knowledge gained from both real-world beamline optimizations and ultra-realistic digital twin simulations to be effectively applied to in situ optimization. By leveraging Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization, the system continuously refines its performance, reducing optimization time and minimizing the need for manual adjustments. Designed for seamless deployment, it operates with existing beamline hardware and provides an intuitive graphical interface. Initial deployments at the Advanced Photon Source beamlines have demonstrated its ability to enhance beam stability, improve reproducibility, and significantly streamline alignment procedures. This AI-enhanced control framework represents a significant step toward fully autonomous beamline operation in next-generation synchrotron facilities.

Cite this paper

APA 7

Rebuffi, L., Zhang, R., Shi, X., Lin, Y.-C., Zhao, J., Hu, M., Toellner, T., Cherukara, M. J., & Assoufid, L. (2025). AutoFocus: AI/ML-driven real-time wavefront diagnostics to autonomously align and optimize X-ray optics. https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaopen.29053199

MLA 9

Rebuffi, Luca, et al. “AutoFocus: AI/ML-driven real-time wavefront diagnostics to autonomously align and optimize X-ray optics.” 2025, https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaopen.29053199.

Chicago

Rebuffi, Luca, Runyu Zhang, Xianbo Shi, Yu-Chung Lin, Jiyong Zhao, Min Hu, Thomas Toellner, Mathew J. Cherukara, and Lahsen Assoufid. 2025. “AutoFocus: AI/ML-driven real-time wavefront diagnostics to autonomously align and optimize X-ray optics.” https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaopen.29053199.

Harvard

Rebuffi, L. et al. (2025) ‘AutoFocus: AI/ML-driven real-time wavefront diagnostics to autonomously align and optimize X-ray optics’. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaopen.29053199.

BibTeX

@misc{rebuffi2025autofocus,
  title = {{AutoFocus: AI/ML-driven real-time wavefront diagnostics to autonomously align and optimize X-ray optics}},
  author = {Rebuffi, Luca and Zhang, Runyu and Shi, Xianbo and Lin, Yu-Chung and Zhao, Jiyong and Hu, Min and Toellner, Thomas and Cherukara, Mathew J. and Assoufid, Lahsen},
  year = {2025},
  doi = {10.1364/opticaopen.29053199}
}

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