Youping Niu, M. Tamer Özsu, Xiaobo Li · 1997
Abstract An important feature to be considered in the design of a Multimedia Database Systems (MMDBS) is content-based retrieval of images. Spatial features represent the spatial relationships among objects in an image. The salient objects (interesting objects) can be organized in an object hierarchy, based on object-oriented concepts. This paper proposes a new indexing scheme, called 2d-h trees, for content-based retrieval of images. This scheme organizes the representations of the spatial relationships among objects in images and the hierarchical relationships among objects efficiently for query optimization. Our performance analysis indicates that the--tree is an efficient index scheme for content-based retrieval of images. 1
Cited by 0
Youping Niu, M. TAMER ÖZSU, Xiaobo Li · 2002
An important feature to be considered in the design of a multimedia database system (MMDBS) is content based retrieval of images. Spatial features represent the spatial relationships among objects in an image. The salient objects (interesting objects) can be organized in an object hierarchy, based on object oriented concepts. The paper proposes an indexing scheme, called 2D-h trees, for content based retrieval of images. This scheme organizes the representations of the spatial relationships among objects in images and the hierarchical relationships among objects efficiently for query optimization. Our performance analysis indicates that the 2D-h-tree is an efficient index scheme for content based retrieval of images.
Cited by 8
Yufei Wang, Chris Rizos, Linlin Ge et al. · 2008
Information resource is one of the valuable commodities in a modern information society. A Remote Sensing (RS) image, one of the important information resources in the geo-information sciences, co ntains a large amount of useful information in a compact and easy to access form. One focus of National Spatial Data Infrastructure initiatives is the transformation of full-element based vector data ma ps into digital Ortho-RS image based spatial map framework. Hence, answers to questions such as how to collect, process, manage, publish and share RS images rapidly and efficiently must be found. On the other hand, database technology, the main tool used to store, manage, and analyse a variety of data types, has made significant progress in the past decade or so. From a Grid and layer-based model to a relation-based model, database technology is embracing the object-oriented relational database model. Meanwhile many new technological developments such as broadband networks and telecommunications, large volume storage, object-oriented or agent-orientated models, multimedia, spatial enabling tools, artificial intelligence, and parallel computing are being incorporated into the modern database technology. As a consequence, a “database-based ” RS image information management system is emerging. In order to meet these challenges and ever-increasing demands, this paper will describe how to build a database system capable of managing a huge amount of RS images.
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Yuanmin Liu · 2002
Key words: Categorical database, categorical database generalization, Formal data structure, constraints, transformation unit, classification hierarchy, aggregation hierarchy, semantic similarity, data model, Delaunay triangulation network. semantic similarity evaluation model. Categorical databases are widely used in GIS for different kinds of application, analysis, planning, evaluation and management. Database generalization that derives different resolution databases from a single database with more detail is one of the key research problems and a hot research point in the GIS and Cartography field. This dissertation presents a framework for categorical database generalization in GIS. It includes defining conceptual aspects of current categorical database generalization transformation and constraints for generalization transformation, elaboration on supporting data structure and transformation units, development of auxiliary analysis methods, and demonstration of some application examples. Database generalization is considered as a transformation process. Three kinds of transformation are defined based on the characteristics of categorical database and categorical database generalization. They are geo-spatial model transformation, object transformation and relation transformation. Each transformation has a certain function and deals with some aspects of database. Geo-spatial transformation is mainly used to define the content framework of a new database and decide the theme of a new database. Object transformation and relation transformation deal with transformations of thematic and geometric aspects of objects and relationship between objects from an existing database to a new database. Database generalization (transformation) requires a data structure that strongly supports data organization, spatial analysis and decision-making in a database. The design of a data structure should take two functions into account. One provides the basis for describing and organizing spatial objects and the relationships between them. and the other is for analyzing and supporting operations on spatial objects. This thesis introduces the IEFDS, an integrated and extended version of FDS, as a data model to support automated database generalization transformation. The addition to FDS is triangles. The triangles and their classification are proposed based on constituent properties of triangles in IEFDS which plays an important role in the extended adjacent and inclusion relations and extracting the skeleton line. Some examples of spatial query operations that make use of the extended adjacent relation and semantic triangles are also provided in this thesis. In a categorical database, similarity between object types can be described by a similarity measure. The similarity is application-dependent. In a sense, the similarity will control and guide database transformation operations. The similarity evaluation model and similarity matrix are proposed for analyzing and representing similarity between objects and object types in this study which is based on Set-theory, classification and aggregation hierarchy. The constraints such as transformation conditions play a key role in the process of database generalization. Constraints can be used to identify conflicting areas, guide choices of operations and trigger operations as well as govern the database generalization. The processes of generalization should be performed by a series of operations under the control of constraints. Three types of constraints, data model. object and relationships based on an object-oriented database are proposed in landuse database generalization. These constraints can be specified interactively by users and varied to reflect different objectives or purposes. These types of constraints are applicationdependent. This will make the database generalization process very flexible/adaptive, and the decisionmaking can be based on geographic meaning and not simply on the geometry of an object. An important element proposed in this study is the transformation unit. It is an important process unit as many generalization problems need to be solved by considering a subset of related objects as a whole, rather than treating them individually. In a sense, the transformation unit is a basic analysis. processing, decision-making unit and a trigger to aggregation operation processes and it plays an important role in database transformation. The conflicted objects and its (their) related objects are organized into a transformation unit. A transformation unit that brings together- a subset of objects can he created by conflict,; in thematic and /or geometric aspects of objects or spatial relation among objects or integrating them. The main purpose of creating a transformation unit is for the preparation of an aggregation operation. It limits the area and number of a set of related objects in an aggregation operation. The different conflict types will create different types of transformation units. For this study, four types of transformation units are considered based on the constraints discussed. Each of which has a corresponding aggregation operation. The auxiliary analysis methods (algorithms) are needed to actually perform spatial analysis and transformations. The most fundamental tasks are to identify where to generalize, how to generalize, and when to generalize. The thesis introduces a number of auxiliary analysis methods that have been developed to solve a number of important geometric and thematic problems in database trans, form ati on. These auxiliary analysis methods include semantic similarity rnatrix, computing a model of similarity, detection and creation of transformation units, area object aggregation analysis and the process based on transformation units, multineighborhood, object cluster and creation of catchments hierarchy etc. Such examples of the application are included in the thesis as object cluster, land use aggregation and automated organization of hierarchical catchments. The application examples demonstrate the applicability and benefits of the IEFDS and similarity evaluation model. These supporting models play a key role in organizing thematic and geometric data, spatial analysis and spatial query in database generalization. It also proved that a lot of critical geometric and thematic problems in database generalization can be solved, or can be solved in a more efficient way, with the support of an adequate data model.
Cited by 18Open access
Jianya Gong, Nengcheng Chen, Xinyan Zhu et al. · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · 2003
With the increasing maturity of distributed object technology, CORBA, .NET and EJB are universally used in traditional IT field. However, theories and practices of distributed spatial database need farther improvement in virtue of contradictions between large scale spatial data and limited network bandwidth or between transitory session and long transaction processing. Differences and trends among of CORBA, .NET and EJB are discussed in details, afterwards the concept, architecture and characteristic of distributed large-scale seamless spatial database system based on J2EE is provided, which contains GIS client application, web server, GIS application server and spatial data server. Moreover the design and implementation of components of GIS client application based on JavaBeans, the GIS engine based on servlet, the GIS Application server based on GIS enterprise JavaBeans(contains session bean and entity bean) are explained.Besides, the experiments of relation of spatial data and response time under different conditions are conducted, which proves that distributed spatial database system based on J2EE can be used to manage, distribute and share large scale spatial data on Internet. Lastly, a distributed large-scale seamless image database based on Internet is presented.
Cited by 0
Chengming Li, Zheng Wu, Jie Yin · 2017
An Oracle-based object-oriented vector-raster-integrated spatial database management system was proposed in this paper based upon the combination of mature relational spatial database storage and spatial data engine technologies in order to solve the problem of low transferability and efficiency that exists in the storage and management of multi-source heterogeneous spatial data. By rearranging the data transfer flow, establishing an integrated vector and raster data model, and optimizing the spatial data retrieval mechanism, this system enabled united storage and efficient management of spatial data. A comparison with ArcSDE, a piece of international leading similar software, revealed this technology's higher data transfer performance and better query and retrieval efficiency
Cited by 3
Cristian-augustin Saita, François Llirbat · 2008
Abstract. We present a cost-based adaptive clustering method to improve average performance of spatial queries (intersection, containment, enclosure queries) over large collections of multidimensional extended objects (hyper-intervals or hyper-rectangles). Our object clustering strategy is based on a cost model which takes into account the spatial object distribution, the query distribution, and a set of database and system parameters affecting the query performance: object size, access time, transfer and verification costs. We also employ a new grouping criterion to group objects in clusters, more efficient than traditional approaches based on minimum bounding in all dimensions. Our cost model is flexible and can accommodate different storage scenarios: in-memory or disk-based. Experimental evaluations show that our approach is efficient in a number of situations involving large spatial databases with many dimensions. 1
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Xia Peng, Zhou Huang · Advances in Electrical and Computer Engineering · 2012
The spatial database based upon the object-relational database management system (ORDBMS) has the merits of a clear data model, good operability and high query efficiency. That is why it has been widely used in spatial data organization and management. However, it cannot express the semantic relationships among geospatial objects, making the query results difficult to meet the user's requirement well. Therefore, this paper represents an attempt to combine the Semantic Web technology with the spatial database so as to make up for the traditional database's disadvantages. In this way, on the one hand, users can take advantages of ORDBMS to store and manage spatial data; on the other hand, if the spatial database is released in the form of Semantic Web, the users could describe a query more concisely with the cognitive pattern which is similar to that of daily life. As a consequence, this methodology enables the benefits of both Semantic Web and the object-relational database (ORDB) available. The paper discusses systematically the semantic enriched spatial database's architecture, key technologies and implementation. Subsequently, we demonstrate the function of spatial semantic queries via a practical prototype system. The query results indicate that the method used in this study is feasible.
Cited by 3Open access
Jonás Arturo · 1997
The need for using an object oriented approach to develop geographical information systems (GIS) has been widely recognized by the GIS community. However, very few object oriented methods for developing GIS have been published. Most of them focus only on the process of designing GIS databases. The analysis of the GIS context and the need for dealing with multiple views of the database are ignored in these methods. This paper introduces an object-oriented method for dealing with the process of analyzing and designing GIS. The notion of organizational system is introduced here to deal with the GIS context. An organizational system is a human activity system whose processes require information about the spatial entities of a geographical region. A GIS provides the spatial and thematic information needed by users in the organizational system to perform its processes. Analyzing and modeling the organizational system is, therefore, crucial for identifying the requirements, entities and users of the GI S. The method is based on an object-oriented model that represents the entities of an organizational system, their spatial and thematic properties and relationships and their behavior. The main output of the method is the design of a spatial database and the application programs needed to satisfy the requirements of a GIS and its organizational system. Steps are included in the method for mapping an object-oriented database schema to relational and vector database schemas.
Cited by 1
Pengju Liu · 2004
Efficient spatial data management is a key issue of GIS technology. Object-relational database, because of its advantage in data sharing, security and transferring in network, is recognized as an effective tool for GIS data management, and many studies on this area have shown great success. But in actual application with large quantity of data, some difficulties still exist. This paper, based on the analysis of the features of Raster and vector data and the applicability of Object-Relational database to the management of GIS data, presented a practical integration model for the two types of data in GIS. This integrated spatial data model was applied to the GIS software-ViewGIS, which was successfully used in building the provincial forestry GIS of Hunan province in 2003.The ORDBMS based GIS spatial data model, which uses Oracle Spatial mechanism for vector data and RDB LOB mechanism for raster data respectively, realized the goal of managing raster and vector data in the same database. This can not only greatly benefit end users with remote data access, data manipulation and other mechanisms of the database, but also avoid the barrier of unopened data structure in ArcSDE and has higher efficiency.
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2014
Abstract:- A spatial data set is a collection of spatially referenced objects. The boundary neighborhood problem (i.e. BN problem) in spatial database systems is defined as finding all boundary neighbors for a given object based on special dimensions. This problem arises in several applications mainly in GIS systems such as finding all countries that surround a given lake or sea. Spatial objects can be represented and indexed by their minimum bounding rectangles (i.e. MBR’s) which give rough indication for the existence of an object. This paper proposes a solution for the BN problem, based on indexing the space using B+-tree.
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Po-Whei Huang, Lipin Hsu · Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences · 2007
In this paper we propose a region-based shape representation image database. We extend Guojun's method for representing an object to a representation of any picture that contains one or more objects. This system contains some functions like spatial reasoning, visualization, browsing and similarity retrieval and so on. A new vector-based method for spatial reasoning is also proposed in this paper. In addition to the advantages of good precision of Guojun's model, which required lower storage requirement than the FD-based method, our method has other advantages, for example, the abilities to represent any picture that contains more than one object, to reconstruct pictures and spatial reasoning.
Cited by 3
Zhou Yan A, Zhu Qing A · 2016
With the rapid development of techniques for acquisition of spatial data, the storage and management demands of spatial data are increasing from PB to TB level. GIS generally store spatial data in the form of files or tables of database, but not the spatial entity that is described and stored on object-oriented model. This inconsistent storage model could destroy the integrity of spatial entity, and the structured relational table is not always suitable for unstructured spatial data. Aiming at this situation, based on the self-characteristics of spatial data such as large size, territorial, multi-dimension etc., this paper presents a scalable distributed spatial data storage mode by combines object-based storage (OBS) thought into GIS. And describes its promising advantages for distributed spatial data storage, which include scalability, high performance and security etc.
Cited by 0
Susumu Kuroki, Akifumi Makinouchi, Kota Ishizuka · 2002
Discusses a spatio-temporal object query language (OQL), which treats spatial data and temporal data in the same way. We address spatial, temporal and spatio-temporal predicates and operators, and then show the queries in the spatio-temporal OQL and the ones in the internal expression of the spatio-temporal database system Hawks. This language is going to be implemented in INADA/ODMG, which is a database programming language based on C++ and which provides the C++ bindings of the ODMG-93 Object Database Standard. The expressions, in which spatio-temporal objects are defined as the figures of the 4D topological space resulting from the direct product of the 3D space and time, are used to retrieve those spatio-temporal objects which satisfy a condition.
Cited by 3
Yongwei Li, Yu Lou, Qinjie Jiang · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · 2009
This paper discusses the research and design of spatial-temporal relational model in WalkGIS platform, which complies
to the OpenGIS standards. The paper falls under the context of National High-tech Supporting project 2 . The
spatial-temporal relational model aims at spatial-temporal objects, and one spatial-temporal relation object corresponds
to several tense instances, comparing to the traditional object relation model for one instance with several tenses. Object
relation model is the special example of spatial-temporal model, which can be defined as single temporal model.
Spatial-temporal relational model establishes and maintains constraints and relationship in spatial objects and
temporal-serial instance relationship, performs the transformation of object-based discreet relationship (object-relation)
to object-based spatial-temporal relationship (object-spatial temporal relation), creates and constraints temporal relation
of instances in different times for one object and instance spatial relationship at different times. This article focuses on
temporal model management and design for the objectified spatial-temporal model. Spatial-temporal model supports multi-user and multi-scene. Firstly, multi-user online editing. Each version can be
edited independently. It checks interactively and coordinates version conflicts while editing and uploading. Secondly,
stream model, multi-version creates the stream model. Thirdly, offline capabilities. Fourthly, version compression.
Frequently altered versions can be combined into one version at the end of the year. Fifthly, version transfer. Any version
can be transferred and stored into another spatial database.
This paper covers spatial-temporal model definitions, model application scenario, model design constraints, version
conflicts and reconciliation, data structure design, version management design, etc...
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Gil Hernández, Sergi · QRU Quaderns de Recerca en Urbanisme · 2022
Mobility data describe the movement of objects in a time interval, such as vehicles, pedestrians, animals. Commonly, mobility data take the form of spatial trajectories, i.e. sequences of timestamped positions in a coordinated space. For example, GPS trajectories are a popular class of spatial trajectories collected outdoors. In this project, we consider a variety of mobility data, including indoor trajectories collected using a positioning infrastructure based on UltraWide Band (UWB). Goal of the project is to investigate on recent Moving Object database solutions for the management of UWB trajectories with focus on recent commercial databasesfor IOT data. In particular, the goal is to analyze a recent Moving Object database called MobilityDB.
Cited by 0Open access
Yueming Xu, Kun Wang, Haiyang Luo et al. · 2023
Object-based reservoir modeling technology is often used to predict channel sand in river sedimentary systems. The disadvantage of this method is that it is difficult to obey the conditional data under dense well data. An optimization method based on vector-object is proposed. Conditional algorithms can utilize a cross-objective function that defines the matching degree of each object. Thousands of conditional objects are generated and stored in the database. Use three channel selection strategies to get the final implementation, and respect all well observation data, and sand proportions. Vector object-based methods are a combination of spatial vectors and objects. Geological objects are further abstracted as vector objects based on object-based. Using vector space analysis algorithms, it is easy to locally adjust geological objects to match hard data. This paper uses the open-source GIS computational geometry library GEOS (https://trac.osgeo.org/geos/) for vector computation, which contains very complete spatial queries and a large part of spatial operations. The test experiment proves that the modeling method based on vector-object is flexible and efficient, including high-curvature channel and non-stationary fan-channel simulations, and the proposed method can easily match dense well data.
Cited by 1
Bo Huang And, Bo Huang, Christophe Claramunt · 2007
Spatio-temporal databases are a topic of growing research interest but there is still little work reported on spatio-temporal query languages in line with the Object Database Management Group (ODMG) standard. This paper presents the design of such a language, called STOQL, by adding spatial and temporal dimensions to OQL. This language is based upon a data model that extends the ODMG Object Model with basic spatial and temporal types as well as a parameterised type, Temporal<T>, which lifts spatial types into spatio-temporal types to support the representation of the history of an object. We show that STOQL can support the formulation of various spatio-temporal queries in relation to historical states of spatial objects as well as spatial changes including spatial type substitution.
Cited by 0
Fanghong Gao, Ping Jiang, Xiangxiang Li et al. · 2015
Based on spatial object and relation model of spatial database management system, this paper propose an “integrated spatial data-attribute data” standardized data structure of multisource heterogeneous satellite data. The structure is described by spatial table, and provides a unified access and processing interface of multisource heterogeneous satellite data. Using this standardized data structure, we can provide protection for satellite data management application system of "Single-requirement and multi-satellite".
Cited by 0
Ming Li, Hua Qin, Weidong Sun · 2004
Content-based image retrieval is widely investigated in image database area. However, work on content-based retrieval for remote sensing images (RSI) is seldom reported in literature. In this paper, a new strategy for content-based remote sensing images retrieval based on shape similarities measures has been proposed, which includes the shape description of each object and spatial relational representation between objects based on the two-level attributed relational graph (ARG). We have also showed that Zernike moments are very effective in describing shape features of each region, and the two-level ARG is efficient for spatial relational information of each disjoint region of an object in RSI. As one of the applications, we have applied this method in our network-oriented multiple satellites images management and online distribution system, and the cloud objects of NOAA AVHRR images are used for verifications. An actual case for the descriptions of a cloud object with Zernike moments, the representations of relations with a two-level ARG and the shape similarity measure results in the database is given.
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