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About 10,000 papers for “Structure function”

Structure/Function Relationships

Plant Cell, Wall Proteomics, Mass Spectrometry et al. · 2013

ABSTRACT Proteomics allows the large-scale study of protein expression either in whole organisms or in purified organelles. In particular, mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of gel-separated proteins produces data not only for protein identification, but for protein structure, location, and processing as well. An in-depth analysis was performed on MS data from etiolated hypocotyl cell wall proteomics of Arabidopsis thaliana. These analyses show that highly homologous members of multigene families can be differentiated. Two lectins presenting 93 % amino acid identity were identified using peptide mass fingerprinting. Although the identification of structural proteins such as extensins or hydroxyproline/proline-rich proteins (H/PRPs) is arduous, different types of MS spectra were exploited to identify and characterize an H/PRP. Maturation events in a couple of cell wall proteins (CWPs) were analyzed using site mapping. N-glycosylation of CWPs as well as the hydroxylation or oxidation of amino acids were also explored, adding information to improve our understanding of CWP structure/function relationships. A bioinformatic tool was developed to locate by means of MS the N-terminus of mature secreted proteins and N-glycosylation. Cell wall protein; MALDI–TOF; mass spectrometry; post-translational modification; protein structure; proteo-Key words: mics.

Cited by 0

Spin Structure Function.

Piotr Zyla, Piotr A. Zyla · 2013

The SLAC E154 experiment measured the neutron spin structure function g n 1 (x � Q 2). Scattering the 48.3 GeV longitudinally polarized electrons o the longitudinally polarized 3 He target allowed us to extend (in comparison with the previous SLAC E142 measurement) the kinematic range to 0:014 x 0:7 and 1 GeV 2 Q 2 17 GeV 2.We report the integral over the measured region R 0:7 0:014 dx gn 1 (x) =;0:036 0:004(stat:) 0:005(syst:) attheaverage Q 2 =5GeV 2 of the experiment. We found large and strongly x dependent values of g n 1 at low x that call into question the traditional Regge theory method for extrapolating to x = 0 needed for the evaluation of QCD sum rules.

Cited by 0

Structure Function Studies

Nathan R. Zaccai, Igor N. Serdyuk, Joseph Zaccai · Cambridge University Press eBooks · 2018

Current techniques for studying biological macromolecules and their interactions are based on the application of physical methods, ranging from classical thermodynamics to more recently developed techniques for the detection and manipulation of single molecules. Reflecting the advances made in biophysics research over the past decade, and now including a new section on medical imaging, this new edition describes the physical methods used in modern biology. All key techniques are covered, including mass spectrometry, hydrodynamics, microscopy and imaging, diffraction and spectroscopy, electron microscopy, molecular dynamics simulations and nuclear magnetic resonance. Each method is explained in detail using examples of real-world applications. Short asides are provided throughout to ensure that explanations are accessible to life scientists, physicists and those with medical backgrounds. The book remains an unparalleled and comprehensive resource for graduate students of biophysics and medical physics in science and medical schools, as well as for research scientists looking for an introduction to techniques from across this interdisciplinary field.

Cited by 2

STRUCTURE/FUNCTION RELATIONSHIPS

Arjen Scholten, See Profile, Albert J R Heck et al. · 2008

A multi‐angular\tmass\tspectrometric\tview\tat cyclic nucleotide\tdependent\tprotein\tkinases:\t In vivo characterization\tand\tstructure/function relationships

Cited by 0

structure and function

Dendritic Cell, Lipid Content, Joanne K. Gardner et al. · 1978

Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in the generation of anti-cancer immune re-sponses, however there is evidence that DCs in cancer patients are dysfunctional. Lipid ac-cumulation driven by tumor-derived factors has recently been shown to contribute to DC dysfunction in several human cancers, but has not yet been examined in mesothelioma. This study investigated if mesothelioma tumor cells and/or their secreted factors promote in-creases in DC lipid content and modulate DC function. Human monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) were exposed to human mesothelioma tumor cells and tumor-derived factors in the presence or absence of lipoproteins. The data showed that immature MoDCs exposed to mesothelioma cells or factors contained increased lipid levels relative to control DCs. Lipid accumulation was associated with reduced antigen processing ability (measured using a DQ OVA assay), upregulation of the co-stimulatory molecule, CD86, and production of the tolerogenic cytokine, IL-10. Increases in DC lipid content were further enhanced by co-exposure to mesothelioma-derived factors and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, but not low-density lipoproteins. In vivo studies using a murine mesothelioma model showed that the lipid content of tumor-infiltrating CD4+CD8α- DCs, CD4-CD8α- DCs and plasmacytoid DCs increased with tumor progression. Moreover, increasing tumor burden was associated with reduced proliferation of tumor-antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes. This study shows that mesothelioma promotes DC lipid acquisition, which is associated with altered activation status and reduced capacity to process and present antigens, which may impair the ability of DCs to generate effective anti mesothelioma T cell responses.

Cited by 0

/ F2 Structure Function

Farid Zamani, Farid Zamani · 2008

In recent years we have used meson cloud to investigate polarized and unpolarized nucleon structure functions [1-6]. Here we present the contribution of vector mesons along with their baryon octets and decuplets counterparts to the meson cloud [1]. For the bare nucleon we use a quarkdiquark model. Our work has shown that it is necessary for the core nucleon to have a spin-1 diquark component. In this work we will use superposition of spin-0 and spin-1 diquarks as the core nucleon to calculate quark distribution functions. Then, using pQCD, an initial gluon distribution is generated inside the core nucleon. The physical nucleon is assumed to be a superposition of the bare nucleon plus the virtual light-cone Fock states of the baryon-meson pairs. The initial distributions are evolved using DGLAP equations. The F2 structure functions calculated from the evolved distributions are compared with NMC and Zeus results along with a CTEQ fits. Also, we will show that the meson cloud is a contributing factor to sea quark asymmetry and one needs both pseuoscalar mesons and vector mesons to account fully for the Gottfried sum-rule violation.

Cited by 0

Structure and function

Nicholas W. Morrell · Oxford University Press eBooks · 2010

The normal pulmonary circulation distributes deoxygenated blood at low pressure and high flow to the pulmonary capillaries for the purposes of gas exchange. The structure of pulmonary blood vessels varies with their function—from large elastic conductance arteries, to small muscular arteries, to thin-walled vessels involved in gas exchange....

Cited by 8

Structure and function

David R Adams Dorit Ron, Patrick A Kiely · 2013

3* The Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1) is a member of the tryptophan-aspartate repeat (WD-repeat) family of proteins and shares significant homology to the b subunit of G-proteins (Gb). RACK1 adopts a seven-bladed b-propeller structure which facilitates protein binding. RACK1 has a significant role to play in shuttling proteins around the cell, anchoring proteins at particular locations and in stabilising protein activity. It interacts with the ribosomal machinery, with several cell surface receptors and with proteins in the nucleus. As a result, RACK1 is a key mediator of various pathways and contributes to numerous aspects of cellular function. Here, we discuss RACK1 gene and structure and its role in specific signaling pathways, and address how posttranslational modifications facilitate subcellular location and translocation of RACK1. This review condenses several recent studies suggesting a role for RACK1 in physiological processes such as development, cell migration, central nervous system (CN) function and circadian rhythm as well as reviewing the role of RACK1 in disease. Keywords: RACK1, WD-repeat, guanine nucleotide binding protein 2-like 1, (Gβ), heterotrimeric G-proteins, PKCβII, scaffolding protein

Cited by 0

Structure and Function

Neil V. Watson, S. Marc Breedlove · Oxford University Press eBooks · 2024

This chapter highlights the nervous system's reliance on specialized cells, including neurons for processing information and glial cells for support, which collectively enable functions ranging from reflexes to cognition. It describes how the nervous system extends throughout the body, with the central and peripheral divisions coordinating sensory input, motor output, and autonomic processes. The brain's regional specialization is central to its ability to perform distinct roles, such as memory, emotional regulation, and decision-making, with protection provided by layers like the meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, and the blood-brain barrier. Researchers use advanced techniques, including brain imaging and subtractive analysis, to study the nervous system's structure and function, isolating specific activities during cognitive tasks. The chapter underscores the importance of rigorous experimental design in behavioral neuroscience, demonstrating how controlled methods drive progress in understanding complex neural networks.

Cited by 1

Photon structure function

William A. Bardeen · 1980

Theoretical understanding of the photon structure function is reviewed. As an illustration of the pointlike component, the parton model is briefly discussed. However, the systematic study of the photon structure function is presented through the framework of the operator product expansion. Perturbative QCD is used as the theoretical basis for the calculation of leading contributions to the operator product expansion. The influence of higher order QCD effects on these results is discussed. Recent results for the polarized structure functions are discussed.

Cited by 0Open access

Structure-function correlations.

Eleni Tseliou (523870), Hideaki Kanazawa (563272), James Dawkins (846743) et al. · Figshare · 2016

<p><b>A</b>. Representative 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazoliumchloride (TTC) sections covering the LV chamber from the apex to the base from all three groups tested. The blue arrowhead indicates the section level that corresponds to the MR images in Figs <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0144523#pone.0144523.g003" target="_blank">3</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0144523#pone.0144523.g004" target="_blank">4</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0144523#pone.0144523.g005" target="_blank">5</a>. <b>B</b>. Correlation between the scar mass (g) evaluated separately by LGE images (JD) and by TTC staining (ET). <b>C</b>. Representative tagged CMR images with infarct zone (IZ) defined by the presence of enhancing myocardium, neighboring myocardium as border zone (BZ), and normal myocardium as remote zone (RZ) for the analysis of regional strain, highlighting the contractility differences among the groups. Blue arrowheads indicate the RV insertion and the location of the first segment of each map. <b>D., E., F</b>. Representative diagrams of the averaged strain included in the analysis (the more negative, the greater the contractility). <b>G</b>. Better contractility was observed in the CDC-treated group compared to the placebo. <b>H</b>. Trend towards better effect of CDC therapy on mid-ventricular wall synchrony assessed by CURE ratio. Error bars indicate SEM. * p<0.05, ** p<0.01</p>

Cited by 0Open access