Anna Powell (1295466), Harry Sumnall (641000), Jessica Smith (3843661) et al. · Figshare · 2024
<div><p>Background</p><p>Alcohol use disorders (AUD) associate with structural and functional brain differences, including impairments in neuropsychological function; however, reviews (mostly cross-sectional) are inconsistent with regards to recovery of such functions following abstinence. Recovery is important, as these impairments associate with treatment outcomes and quality of life.</p><p>Objective(s)</p><p>To assess neuropsychological function recovery following abstinence in individuals with a clinical AUD diagnosis. The secondary objective was to assess predictors of neuropsychological recovery in AUD.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Following the preregistered protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42022308686), APA PsycInfo, EBSCO MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Web of Science Core Collection were searched between 1999–2022. Study reporting follows the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Manual for Evidence Synthesis, study quality was assessed using the JBI Checklist for Cohort Studies. Eligible studies were those with a longitudinal design that assessed neuropsychological recovery following abstinence from alcohol in adults with a clinical diagnosis of AUD. Studies were excluded if participant group was defined by another or co-morbid condition/injury, or by relapse. Recovery was defined as function reaching ‘normal’ performance.</p><p>Results</p><p>Sixteen studies (AUD n = 783, controls n = 390) were selected for narrative synthesis. Most functions demonstrated recovery within 6–12 months, including sub-domains within attention, executive function, perception, and memory, though basic processing speed and working memory updating/tracking recovered earlier. Additionally, verbal fluency was not impaired at baseline (while verbal function was not assessed compared to normal levels), and concept formation and reasoning recovery was inconsistent.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>These results provide evidence that recovery of most functions is possible. While overall robustness of results was good, methodological limitations included lack of control groups, additional methods to self-report to confirm abstinence, description/control for attrition, statistical control of confounds, and of long enough study durations to capture change.</p></div>
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H. W. Turnbull · Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society · 1931
The following work is a sequel to three previous communications, and more particularly to the first. The present object is to shew the effect of repeated operation with the matrix differential operator , when it acts upon a scalar matrix formed from an n rowed determinant | x ij |, or sums of principal minors, the n 2 elements x ij being treated as independent variables. Thus when z is a scalar quantity ω z means the matrix [∂z/∂x ij ], whose ij th element is the derivative.
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Eric Iksoon Im, Marcellus S. Snow · Econometric Theory · 1993
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
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B.G. Mertzios, B.L. Syrmos · IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control · 1987
A formula is given, which allows the determination of the transfer function matrix of linear multivariable singular systems (i.e., systems of the form <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E\dot{x} =Ax + Bu</tex> , with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E</tex> singular) directly in terms of the matrices of the state-space description and the characteristic polynomial without inverting a polynomial matrix. An alternative closed-form expression for the transfer function matrix in terms of the pencil <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A - sE</tex> is also given.
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Kiss, Gabriella · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique) · 2011
Matrix proteins play a central role in the assembly of enveloped pleomorphic viruses. In order to study matrix protein function during assembly, cryo-electron microscopy and tomography studies were carried out on two virus families. Studies of coronavirus virus-like particles and virions revealed that the matrix protein M forms a two-dimensional network of endodornain-Iinked homodimers at the membrane. Structural differences were detected between M on membranes with rigid positive curvature and M on flaccid membranes with variable curvature. Studies of filamentous and round influenza A virus revealed structural and functional differences in the homodimeric matrix protein Ml that were associated with differences in local membrane curvature. The conformational change happened more commonly on filamentous particles than on spherical. In both virus families matrix proteins were found to control membrane bending and rigidity through a process that appears to involve ribonucleoprotein-dependent conformational changes. Both influenza Ml and coronavirus M lost rigid membrane bending activity upon exposure to pH 5.0, demonstrating that the interactions that are proposed to lead to budding can be reversed under conditions that simulate the endosomal environment. Together, these observations help to explain how matrix proteins are able to produce sufficient force to drive the budding process through homotypic and heterotypic intramolecular interactions, and how the structural changes that drive egress can be reversed to facilitate entry.
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О. В. Маркова · Journal of Mathematical Sciences · 2013
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Wataru Zaitsu (16806620), Mingzhe Jin (16806623), Shunichi Ishihara (11474915) et al. · Figshare · 2024
<div><p>Public comments are an important opinion for civic when the government establishes rules. However, recent AI can easily generate large quantities of disinformation, including fake public comments. We attempted to distinguish between human public comments and ChatGPT-generated public comments (including ChatGPT emulated that of humans) using Japanese stylometric analysis. Study 1 conducted multidimensional scaling (MDS) to compare 500 texts of five classes: Human public comments, GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 generated public comments only by presenting the titles of human public comments (i.e., zero-shot learning, GPT<sub>zero</sub>), GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 emulated by presenting sentences of human public comments and instructing to emulate that (i.e., one-shot learning, GPT<sub>one</sub>). The MDS results showed that the Japanese stylometric features of the public comments were completely different from those of the GPT<sub>zero</sub>-generated texts. Moreover, GPT<sub>one</sub>-generated public comments were closer to those of humans than those generated by GPT<sub>zero</sub>. In Study 2, the performance levels of the random forest (RF) classifier for distinguishing three classes (human, GPT<sub>zero</sub>, and GPT<sub>one</sub> texts). RF classifiers showed the best precision for the human public comments of approximately 90%, and the best precision for the fake public comments generated by GPT (GPT<sub>zero</sub> and GPT<sub>one</sub>) was 99.5% by focusing on integrated next writing style features: phrase patterns, parts-of-speech (POS) bigram and trigram, and function words. Therefore, the current study concluded that we could discriminate between GPT-generated fake public comments and those written by humans at the present time.</p></div>
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V. А. Marchenko, V. V. Slavin · Translations of mathematical monographs · 2018
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Heinz Neudecker, Shuangzhe Liu · Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications · 1995
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A. M. Mathai, Giorgio Pederzoli · Linear Algebra and its Applications · 1998
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Li Jing, Song Li-qiang, Huiqin Wang et al. · MEDS Clinical Medicine · 2023
Macrophages are found throughout the body, engulfing microorganisms and cell debris, while coordinating inflammatory responses to maintain tissue homeostasis. As macrophages patrol within different organs and tissues, they are exposed not only to a variety of biochemical cues, but also to mechanical cues, such as tissue stiffness. More and more studies have shown that macrophages can sense changes in microenvironment stiffness, but little is known about the molecular mechanism of how stiffness regulates macrophage function. The 2020 Nobel Prize-winning mechanically-sensitive ion channels the transient receptor potential channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) and Piezo1 are of widespread interest. Research suggests that Piezo1 and TRPV4 on macrophages can sense matrix stiffness in the microenvironment and convert it into biochemical signals to activate specific cellular effector functions. These findings help us better understand how microenvironment stiffness affects macrophage behavior, which may be associated with diseases in which tissue stiffness is altered, and may enhance our understanding of disease mechanisms.
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Eric S. White · Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2015
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a tissue-specific macromolecular structure that provides physical support to tissues and is essential for normal organ function. In the lung, ECM plays an active role in shaping cell behavior both in health and disease by virtue of the contextual clues it imparts to cells. Qualities including dimensionality, molecular composition, and intrinsic stiffness all promote normal function of the lung ECM. Alterations in composition and/or modulation of stiffness of the focally injured or diseased lung ECM microenvironment plays a part in reparative processes performed by fibroblasts. Under conditions of remodeling or in disease states, inhomogeneous stiffening (or softening) of the pathologic ECM may both precede modifications in cell behavior and be a result of disease progression. The ability of ECM to stimulate further ECM production by fibroblasts and drive disease progression has potentially significant implications for mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies; in the setting of pathologic ECM stiffness or composition, the therapeutic intent of progenitor cells may be subverted. Taken together, current data suggest that lung ECM actively contributes to health and disease; thus, mediators of cell-ECM signaling or factors that influence ECM stiffness may represent viable therapeutic targets in many lung disorders.
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Scholtens, Salome, Anbeek, Petronella, Böhmer, Jasmin et al. · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · 2019
Sufficient, high quality data steward expertise and capacity in projects and institutes is one of the necessities for FAIR data management in life- sciences and personalised medicine research. In a ZonMw funded project of UMCG, UMCU, Radboudumc, Radboud University and DTL, supported by the relevant national stakeholders, we are working to make the data steward function concrete, to create consensus on the function and required competencies and to develop tailored education. The overall project aim is to professionalise the data steward function within the life-sciences domain, with a special focus on the implementation of the FAIR data principles. All documents related to this project can be found on the Zenodo Collection “Towards a community-endorsed data steward profession description for life-science research”. This publication contains the first project deliverable: a matrix, that may function as the basis for a common job description of a data steward that is broadly supported within the Dutch life-sciences community. In the next phase of the project, this matrix will be complemented by knowledge, skills and competencies of a data steward, which will be translated into concrete learning objectives. These in turn will be used to develop an education line and training material for data stewards (including a design for an eLearning module). Sustainable implementation and alignment with existing education will be ensured.
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2015
Algorithms for computing matrix functions are typically tested by comparing the forward error with the product of the condition number and the unit roundoff. The forward error is computed with the aid of a reference solution, typically computed at high precision. An alternative approach is to use functional iden-tities such as the “round trip tests ” elogA = A and (A1/p)p = A, as are currently employed in a SciPy test module. We show how a linearized perturbation analysis for a functional identity allows the determination of a maximum residual consistent with backward stability of the constituent matrix function evaluations. Comparison of this maximum residual with a computed residual provides a necessary test for backward stability. We also show how the actual linearized backward error for these relations can be computed. Our approach makes use of Fréchet derivatives and estimates of their norms. Numerical experiments show that the proposed approaches are able both to detect instability and to confirm stability.
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Olavi Nevanlinna · 1995
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Toshihiko Hayashi · PubMed · 1992
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Auerbach Publications eBooks · 2007
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Shinya Miyajima · Linear and Multilinear Algebra · 2020
Two numerical algorithms are proposed for computing an interval matrix containing the matrix gamma function. In 2014, the author presented algorithms for enclosing all the eigenvalues and basis of invariant subspaces of A∈Cn×n. As byproducts of these algorithms, we can obtain interval matrices containing diagonal blocks whose spectrums are included in that of A. In this paper, we interpret the interval matrices containing the basis and blocks as a result of verified block diagonalization (VBD), and establish a new framework for enclosing matrix functions using the VBD. To achieve enclosure for the gamma function of the blocks, we derive computable perturbation bounds. We can apply these bounds if disks containing the spectrums of input matrices lie in the open right half plane. We incorporate matrix argument reductions (ARs) to force the input matrices to have this property, and develop theories for accelerating the ARs. The first algorithm uses the VBD based on a numerical spectral decomposition, and involves only cubic complexity if the total computational cost of the accelerated ARs is O(n3). The second algorithm adopts the VBD based on a numerical Jordan decomposition, is applicable even for defective matrices, and requires O(n4) operations.
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Thiago Orion Simões Amorim (6808244), Franciele Rezende de Castro (6808247), Juliana Rodrigues Moron (6808250) et al. · Figshare · 2019
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English, Jane Louise · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique) · 2002
Available from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DXN054536 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply Centre
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