Phil Johnson, Paul J. Miller · 2007
Some diesel retrofit technologies greatly lower the mass concentrations of PM2.5 (fine particulate matter ≤2.5 microns (µm) in diameter) in diesel exhaust. They may, however, increase ultrafine particle (UFP; liquid or solid particles <0.1 µm in diameter) number concentrations under some conditions along roadways and other sites where diesel engines operate. This is a public health concern because UFP in high number (count) concentrations may have adverse health effects. At the same time, efforts to reduce mass-based PM2.5 are needed because of the known health effects that are significantly associated with PM2.5 mass concentrations. Along roadways, vehicles powered by diesel engines produce PM2.5 that includes a UFP fraction.1 While arising from the same diesel engine sources, potential exposures to PM2.5 and UFPs differ with location. UFP counts are highest at and near roadways, and drop off within several hundred meters at a much more rapid rate than PM2.5 mass levels (Levy et al., 2003; Zhang et al., 2004). Because of this rapid drop off, on-road commuters can have their greatest exposure to UFPs during commute times, even if the time spent in traffic is a relatively small part of the day. Those living, working, or otherwise spending time near major roadways or other sources of diesel emissions will also be exposed to higher concentrations of UFPs than the
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Phd Assoc. Prof · 2016
Abstract: Work-related stress is one of the biggest challenges for safety and health at work, facing Europe today. Occupational stress is the second factor determining occupational hazard occupational diseases. European Risk Observatory Report shows that in the European Union have been affected by ocupational stress 22 % of workers and their number is increasing
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Belknap County · 2007
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Ghent Psychotherapy Study (GPS), Femke Truijens, Mattias Desmet et al. · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) · 2023
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Cathal Doyle, Konstantina Vasileva, Kristijan Mirkovski · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)
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Ghent Psychotherapy Study (GPS), Jan Lammertyn, Reitske Meganck et al. · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)
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K. Marintseva Phd · 2016
The variants of strategies for the development of the airports regional network are considered and an approach to the choice of alternatives in conditions of uncertainty is proposed.
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Brianna Dagnall, Ryan Coon, Shaylee Dragon et al. · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) · 2016
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Cosmin Oancea, Programme Text, Call Stack · 2012
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Brittany Harrison · 2016
This study seeks to uncover the role that high-stakes testing mandated by “No Child Left Behind ” legislation and student-teacher ratio has on the retention of the traditional high-school student with an emphasis on the retention disparity between minority students and their White peers. This empirical, quantitative analysis uses school level data from the Common Core of Data. This data set was used to observe national trends between minority students and their White counterparts because minority students are generally the group plagued by underachievement and high dropout rates. Given the already expansive body of work surrounding what we refer to as the achievement gap, which can include issues of achievement ranging from grades to standardized test scores and even the issue of retention rates which this study focuses on, this study seeks to approach the issue from a different direction with a broader data set. Analyses showed that for minority male students (Black and Hispanic) a lower-student teacher ratio greatly contributed to their retention yet conversely White females ’ retention seemed to be somewhat unaffected by student-teacher ratio fluctuations and high-stakes testing. Therefore, this study suggests that although student- teacher ratio and testing do have an impact on retention, this impact is primarily only for minority students, impacting minority males at the highest level.
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1997
further depress cereal prices to the detriment of agricultural production growth. To address this Ethiopia has been a food deficit country for many problem, the Government arranged with donors years. Since 1994, however, grain production to procure food aid in 1996 from domestic has increased steadily, with the largest crop on markets through purchases from local traders. record reported in 1995/96. The apparent The objective of the program has been to buy transition to food self-sufficiency is welcomed, grain locally to fulfill domestic food aid yet it brings with it new development challenges. requirements. However, local purchase programs can also be designed to support other policy Concerns have arisen that depressed cereal prices objectives, including stabilizing market prices may reverse the recent gains made in promoting during supply gluts and encouraging the use of fertilizer and improved seeds by development of an efficient grain marketing smallholder farmers. In fact, teff and maize system. Supporting cereal prices was an explicit prices throughout 1996 and so far in 1997 have policy objective of the Government of Ethiopia in been 20 to 40 percent lower than their 12-year 1996. In 1996 the Ethiopian Grain Trade
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2014
Overfishing poses a great threat to small-scale coastal fisheries that provide food and livelihoods to surrounding communities. Ninety percent of the world’s capture fishers earn a living from these fisheries, and an additional 107 million people are involved in the processing, distribution, and marketing of the resource (1). Many of these fisheries are located in developing areas with high levels of poverty and a lack of food security (1). These regions tend to lack the resources needed to effectively manage coastal resources with fisheries assessment, monitoring, and enforcement (2). Territorial Use Rights Fisheries (TURFs), which give local fishers exclusive access to local marine resources, have been advocated as a tool with the potential to successfully manage small-scale coastal fisheries. Ownership provides an incentive for sustainable stewardship of the resource (3). TURF and TURF-like systems have been used for centuries, and continue to be used as a conservation tool, especially in developing nations (4). While many of these TURFs are sustainable, others have failed to protect the natural resources due to a failure to address external factors (4). Research is needed to determine the overall effectiveness of these approaches (4). Furthermore, it is unclear which factors will lead to successful conservation outcomes in TURFs. An analysis of the available data on TURFs that determines the context specific biological, economic, and social
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There Are Two, Murali Mani · 2007
this report, we study Ramsey numbers, in particular R(k; l). In the next section, we sketch a brief history of Ramsey theory. Section 3 focuses on techniques used to obtain upper and lower bounds for Ramsey numbers. The upper bound for Ramsey numbers is obtained easily using the pigeon-hole principle. To obtain the lower bound, we study two techniques - the probabilistic method
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2015
Common classes of pharmaceuticals include antibiotics, hormones, analgesics, antidepressants, antipyretics, and antipsychotics (FDA 2006). In any given community, all of these classes of pharmaceuticals are prescribed, sold, ingested, excreted, and disposed of. Drugs are intended to cure disease and relieve complex physiological symptoms, and as such, have powerful biochemical influences that may include cytotoxicity or antimicrobial properties. For these reasons, the manufacture and distribution of drugs is tightly regulated by government agencies. Paradoxically, the uncontrolled release of drugs and their metabolites into the environment is not regulated and is, in fact, weakly understood. This proposal regards pharmaceuticals in the environment: the probability of their release by individual users, the quantities released, laws that could help constrain their release, and practices that could reduce their uncontrolled release into the environment. Specifically, this proposal regards pharmaceuticals that enter the environment by being flushed through household plumbing. The main disposal method for un-used or expired household pharmaceuticals is flushing them down the toilet or pouring them down the drain. Pharmaceuticals are then conveyed to a waste treatment system. However, they are not typically transformed or degraded in conventional secondary biological wastewater treatment systems (Huang and Sedlak
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Alexander Serenko, Ofir Turel · 2005
The nature of information systems has dramatically changed over the past decade. However, information systems research instruments are often considered stable. This paper presents an empirical investigation on the unidimensionality of the computer playfulness scale and proposes temporal stability as a potential source of shift in true scores in IS research.
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Kenneth P. Cannon · 2006
Over the past two decades the value of organic remains has increased tremendously based upon new and emerging laboratory techniques and recovery methods. For example, McFadden and Cerling (1996) used stable carbon isotopes of mammalian herbivores to supplement studies of functional morphology in the interpretation of diet and trophic level. The results revealed a major global change in climate and vegetation during the late Miocene that was not observed in other data sets. Organic remains, such as basketry, preserved under unique circumstances also allow us to fill in gaps in the human material record that is usually not available in most sites of prehistoric age (e.g., Adovasio and Andrews 1983). Detailed studies at rockshelters in the Bighorn Mountains of Wyoming have produced high resolution information on Late Holocene climate change (Finely 2001). To the northeast of Teton County, Mummy Cave provided one of the first long-term record of human settlement in the mountains (Husted and Edgar 2002), as well as detailed record of sheep hunting (Hughes 1988; 2001). However, only a small population of prehistoric sites produces such remains. The paucity of vertebrate remains from Quaternary deposits is of particular interest to scientists studying issues of post-glacial biotic community structure and Native American economies in the region. However, despite intense work on the precontact archeological record in Jackson Hole, and northwest Wyoming
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Cynthia J. Patel, Madhubala I. Kasiram, Cynthia Patel et al. · 2009
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Carrie Heeter, Jennifer Gregg, David Dekker et al. · 2001
As we age, increasing disability and loss of mobility often lead to a decline in social networks and support. The result is greater isolation and decline in mental health and quality of life. Interventions such as socialization, day care centers and senior centers are in part constructed to alleviate and delay such isolation through group activities and maintaining a social engagement with friends, family, and social volunteerism. But there comes a time, after a protracted illness, a stroke or some other life event--often an acute health problem--when many elderly people find themselves prohibited from continuing to participate in their social groups.
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Marco Giacalone · VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) · 2019
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Markus Luczak-Roesch, Cathal Doyle · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) · 2019
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