Zhou Jin, Xiong Hong-kai, Song Li et al. · 2005
Abstract: H.264/MPEG-4 AVC standard appears highly competitive due to its high efficiency, flexibility and error resilience. In order to maintain universal multimedia access, statistical multiplexing, or adaptive video content delivery, etc., it induces an immense demand for converting a large volume of existing multimedia content from other formats into the H.264/AVC format and vice versa. In this work, we study the remultiplexing and resynchronization issue within system coding after transcoding, aiming to sustain the management and time information destroyed in transcoding and enable synchronized decoding of decoder buffers over a wide range of retrieval or receipt conditions. Given the common intention of multiplexing and synchronization mechanism in system coding of different standards, this paper takes the most widely used MPEG-2 transport stream (TS) as an example, and presents a software system and the key technologies to solve the time stamp mapping and relevant buffer management. The so-lution reuses previous information contained in the input streams to remultiplex and resynchronize the output information with the regulatory coding and composition structure. Experimental results showed that our solutions efficiently preserve the performance in multimedia presentation.
Cited by 0
Carlo Murgia, Gaël Richard, P. Lockwood · HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) · 2000
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Thijs Lambrecht, Bart Duysburgh, Tim Wauters et al. · Computer Networks · 2005
Cited by 3
Ming-Te Wu (6681188) · Figshare · 2019
Cited by 0Open access
Pavel Troubil, Hana Rudová, Petr Holub · 2013
High-quality video, both uncompressed and compressed with relatively low compression ratio, is used in interactive environments, where minimum end-to-end latency is required. The media streams planning solves multi-point data routing for such applications even when bit rate of streams is comparable to capacity of network links. Recent advances in acceleration of high-throughput low-latency video processing enable on-the-fly video transcoding even for 4K and 8K video streams, thus allowing individual adaptation of data stream for each recipient without affecting the others. Stimulated by these advances, we present a novel media streams planning with transcoding on network nodes, and a mixed integer programming approach to solve the problem optimally. Our approach also enhances traditional end-to-end network model of the whole system with known topology of certain network regions. Our solution was implemented in the Co Universe, which is middleware for orchestration of collaborative environments. Measurements show that performance of the new solver is sufficient for interactive solving of most practical use-cases, thus enabling self-organization of high-performance collaborative environments.
Cited by 4
Vidyut Samanta, Ricardo Oliveira, Advait Dixit et al. · 2006
Currently there areawidevariety ofdevices withdifferent screen resolutions, color support, processing power, andnetwork connectivity, capable ofreceivingstreaming video fromtheInternet. Inorder toserve different multimedia content toallthese devices, middleware proxyservers whichtranscode content tofit different types ofdevices arebecoming popular. Inthis paper, wepresent result ofseveral tests conducted with different combination ofvideoencoding parameters andshowtheir impact onnetwork, CPUandenergy resource usage ofatranscoding server. Forthis purpose, weimplemented adynamic videotrancoding server, whichenables dynamic changes indifferent trancoding parameters during avideo streaming session.
Cited by 0
Jun Xin · ResearchWorks at the University of Washington (University of Washington) · 2002
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2002
Cited by 4Open access
2004
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Michel Fayol, Xavier Seron · HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) · 2015
International audience
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Guido Menkhaus, Sebastian Fischmeister · 2008
Users access the Web through an increasingly diverse set of devices, such as mobile telephones, personal digital assistants, notebooks and tablet PCs. Services and content need to be accessible by anyone, anywhere, anytime, and anyhow. Device independent authoring is the goal of service providers. This paper presents an abstract model in form of a finite state machine (FSM). The FSM is the basis for the comparison of user interface transcoding systems (UITS). Based on this abstract model we identify the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches on an architectural level.
Cited by 0
Jian Huang, Jooheung Lee · IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics · 2009
In this paper, we present a unified architecture that can perform Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform (IDCT), DCT domain motion estimation and compensation (DCT-ME/MC). Our proposed architecture is a Wavefront Array-based Processor with a highly modular structure consisting of 8times8 Processing Elements (PEs). By utilizing statistical properties and arithmetic operations, it can be used as a high performance hardware accelerator for video transcoding applications. We show how different core algorithms can be mapped onto the same hardware fabric and can be executed through the pre-defined PEs. In addition to the simplified design process of the proposed architecture and savings of the hardware resources, we also demonstrate that high throughput rate can be achieved for IDCT and DCT-MC by fully utilizing the sparseness property of DCT coefficient matrix.
Cited by 9Open access
Tae Meong Bae, Seok Jun Kang, Yong Man Ro · 2004
In ubiquitous environment, seamless video consumption requires content adaptation technologies to satisfy QoS (quality of service). But video transcoding that is one of the content adaptations would distort the watermark signal embedded in the video content. In this paper, we analyze the effect of video transcoding for frequency based watermarking and propose watermarking requirement to keep watermark even after video transcoding. Experiments were performed with widely used watermark algorithms to verify that the proposed watermarking requirement is useful.
Cited by 3
Tewodros Deneke · Doria (University of Helsinki) · 2017
The consumption of digital video has tremendously increased in the last decade due to advances in information technology, computational capability and communication networks. Following that, video processing applications such as video encoding, transmuxing and transcoding are increasingly being deployed as a service in cloud-based environments. However, these services exhibit high variations in required computational power depending on input video characteristics, processing parameters and request arrival rate patterns. Such differences critically affect the efficient management of computing resources and in turn the running cost of these services. Also, since cloud and distributed computing infrastructures are made up of modern multicore processors, multimedia processing services running on top of them need to be parallelized to enhance overall system utilization further. The primary focus of this thesis is thus the proactive management of multimedia processing services and their parallelization. A solution has been sought to these problems in the context of video transcoding services. To obtain enough information on the characteristics of real world videos and their transcoding parameters needed to model transcoding workload, a video characteristics dataset was built using data collected from a large video-on-demand system, YouTube. The dataset contains a million randomly sampled video instances listing various fundamental video features. Analysis of the dataset provides insightful statistics on the main online video characteristics that can be further exploited to optimize or model components of a multimedia processing systems. Driven by the insight gained from our datasets an approach to predict transcoding workload of a video given transcoding parameters was proposed. The approach treats video transcoding time as a target variable and predicts it using a model learned from past observations. These observations are divided into training and validation sets while learning the prediction models. The method predicts the transcoding time as a function of several parameters of the input and output video streams. The effectiveness of the method is shown via comparing the resulting predictions with the actual transcoding times on unseen video streams. A squared correlation (predicted vs. measured) of 0.958 has been achieved by the best prediction model on 20-second video segments. Furthermore, simulation results show that the proposed prediction method enables significantly better resource management approaches. More specifically, a proactive load balancing method for transcoding jobs across virtual machines is presented and compared with standard load balancing methods in terms of total system utilization and quality of service. Up to 15% improvement has been achieved in terms of system throughput over the round robin and queue length approaches on a fixed server capacity. Also, a proactive provisioning method that enables provisioning of the right amount of transcoding servers for a given quality of service was presented and evaluated. An Experiment has shown that using proactive provisioning rather than fixed worst case based provisioning saves up to (86%) in terms of virtual machine (VM) hours over the course of a week. Also up to 8% in VM hours has been shown to be saved when augmenting proactive provisioning with proactive load balancing. In addition to the proactive management of computing resources proper, parallelization of the video transcoding application is important in order to ensure efficient utilization of modern multicore processing units that constitute modern cloud and distributed computing infrastructures. To this end, this thesis provides a solution that allows convenient integration of finegrained parallel dataflow based implementations of video processing components into existing transcoding frameworks. The primary aim of this proposed solution was to facilitate fine-grained parallelization of video processing components better. Course grained parallelization approaches for video transcoding applications at a group of pictures level and based on a message passing programming model are also presented and evaluated in terms of scalability and throughput. Results show that the proposed parallelization approach scales almost linearly to the number of cores.
Cited by 2
Jeongnarn Youn, Ming–Ting Sun · 1998
In this paper, we show that in some applications, this re-use scheme introduces significant quality degradation due to non-optimized motion vectors. We propose a motion vector refinement scheme which uses the motion vector extracted from the incoming video stream as the base motion vector, and then performs a motion estimation in a very small search range around the base motion vector. We also discuss the situation when the transcoding process involves frame-skipping.
Cited by 7
Ela İpek Gündüz · Litera:dil,edebiyat ve kültür araştırmaları dergisi · 2024
The enigmatic charm of the Jane Austen novels, especially Pride and Prejudice (1813), continues to attract even 21st-century readers and spectators. The appeal of the Regency Era romances that lead spectators to find nostalgic and romantic impulses through visualised portrayals via appropriations have been inspired by 1990s adaptations of the Austen oeuvre, which now incrementally has been continuing with spin-offs, sequels or mash-ups to mention some of the diversions of her work. Regarding the contributions of these adaptations, it is significant to move away from criticising them for not being faithful to the source. Instead, for the cultural milieu, it may be more beneficial to see them as creating cultural meaning based on existing materials. This approach is justified by the fact that literature is also inherently interconnected through intertextuality. Remembering the previous, adapted versions of Pride and Prejudice together with the significant thematic and stylistic aspects of the novel, these re-visitings as sources of the reminders of the so-called good old days transform the codes of the text with the reminiscences of the pre-existing cultural products. The aim of this paper is to explore how some recent adaptations of Pride and Prejudice are influenced by previous adaptations and contribute to the study of Austen and its adaptation. Examples of these adaptations include Bride and Prejudice (2004), which introduces a cultural variation; Austenland (2013), which integrates the text into a tourist resort; and Pride and Prejudice and Zombies (2016), which combines blended genres into a mash-up.
Cited by 0Open access
Rita Cucchiara, Costantino Grana, Andrea Prati · Proceedings of the tenth ACM international conference on Multimedia - MULTIMEDIA '02 · 2002
In this paper we present transcoding techniques for a video server architecture that enables the user to access live video streams by using different devices with different capabilities. For live videos, annotation methods cannot be exploited. Instead we propose methods of on-the-fly transcoding that adapt the video content with respect to the user resources and the video semantic. Thus we propose an object-based transcoding with "classes of relevance" (for instance People, Face and Background). To compare the different strategies we propose a metric based on the Weighted Mean Square Error that allows the analysis of different application scenarios by means of a class-wise distortion measure. The obtained results show that the use of semantic can improve the bandwidth to distortion ratio significantly.
Cited by 1Open access
Haiyan Shu · 2007
Today, more and more user devices are accessible to multimedia content via different networks. Applications based on visual content delivery over networks have grown rapidly. These applications are designed especially for different end users or for different networks. There is an interoperability problem between different systems and different networks. Video adaptation is adopted to solve this problem. The explosive growth of multimedia contents, the accessible worldwide networks, the heterogeneous video-enabled devices, and diversity of video-related coding standards have expedited the need for efficient video adaptation.
Cited by 0Open access
Wing San Chau · 2005
Key frame selection for video transcoding by Chau Wing San thesis 2005 xiv, 84 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm Key Frame Selection is the process to select the most representative frames of a long video sequence based on a…Read more ›
Cited by 0
Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) · 2002
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Nithin Thomas, Damien Lefol, David Bull et al. · 2007
This paper presents a novel secure transcoding scheme with H.264 compression, whereby only selected parts of the bitstream are encrypted to allow transcoding without decryption. Security comparisons are carried out for three schemes where encryption is applied to only the I frames, DC coefficients or motion vectors. I frame encryption, which provides the best security of the three schemes, is combined with two different transcoding architectures. Simulation results, on the 'Foreman' dataset show a significant performance enhancement in both systems, demonstrating their potential in consumer oriented commercial applications.
Cited by 5