Elsherif, Mahmoud · Open Science Framework · 2022
Evidence has supported the idea that readers lexically process words serially (one at a time), but evidence by Mirault et al. (2018) has demonstrated a transposed word effect. This effect is where readers have difficulty deciding that sentences such as “do love you me? “are ungrammatical, in which the transposition of two adjacent words (i.e., love you) would form a grammatical sentence, compared to sentences in which the transposition of two words does not result in grammaticality (e.g. the cat white was slowly). This has been taken as evidence for the parallel lexical processing of multiple words simultaneously. Evidence has also shown that the transposed word effect can be attributed to a combination of noisy bottom-up word position coding and top-down syntactic constraints. This effect can be interpreted within serial, as opposed to parallel, reading models. The present study will examine the transposed word effect by varying modality input and type of processing for which each of the two transposed words will be presented. In the previous experiment, we observed the transposed word effect in visual grammatical decision task. However, we aim to replicate the previous findings and assess this pattern of findings with different input modalities (auditory and crossmodal) and different processing strategies (visual transposed word parallel, crossmodal transposed word serial and crossmodal transposed word parallel). In this experiment, we manipulate sequence type and later on modality. Thus, we expected that the transposed word effect in visual serial paradigm to be replicated such that transposed words are responded to more slowly and are more error prone than control words. However, the main focus is on accuracy.
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Autrum, Hansjochem 1907-2003, Berlucchi, Giovanni, Jung, Richard · 1973
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G. William Chapman, Frances S. Chance · 2025
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S. Keri · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · 2002
Studies examining visual processing in schizophrenia have provided inconsistent results. In this study, the authors measured static and dynamic visual contrast sensitivity (CS) in patients with schizophrenia (n=20) and control subjects (n=15). Extrapyramidal symptoms were evaluated with the Simpson-Angus scale. In the static condition, the patients with schizophrenia showed reduced CS in the spatial frequency range of 2.9–14.4 cycles per degree of visual angle (c/d). In the dynamic condition, CS loss was present over the whole range tested (0.5–14.4 c/d). Higher Simpson-Angus scores and higher doses of antipsychotic medication were associated with more severe CS deficits. These results suggest that the hypodopaminergic state induced by antipsychotic medication may produce parkinsonian visual impairments in schizophrenia patients.
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Nikita O. Nikulin, Yana A. Bekeneva · 2024
Visual information processing is required in a large number of different fields of human activity. A large number of new methods and techniques for its performing appear with the development of information technology. The article discusses some methods of processing visual information that are suitable for solving various tasks.
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2003
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James C. Bliss · 1962
Abstract : This report describes mathematical analysis, behavior experiments, and neurophysiological experiments aimed at determining the mechanisms of visual perception in insects. The behavioral experiments with the beetle Lixus indicate that spatial processing involving autocorrelation is being performed among the ommatidia of the eye. This processing was studied by means of an optomotor reaction involving a turning tendency with movement in the visual field. Visual processing in the beetle Lixus was also studied by means of microelectrode recording of electrical nervous activity. The electroretinogram (ERG) was measured for various visual stimuli and Bode diagrams were determined for small changes in light intensity. Nonlinear effects were also noted for large changes in light intensity. Spike potentials were obtained from a single cell which fired with a change in light intensity. Spike potentials were also obtained from the ventral nerve cord, anterior thoracic region, and motor nerve stump of the first joint of the right front leg. A functional model is proposed to explain the behavioral and neurophysiological results.
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Nortmann, Nora (Dr. rer. nat.), Rekauzke, Sascha, Azimi, Zohre (Dr. rer. nat.) et al. · Dokumentenrepositorium der RUB (Ruhr University Bochum) · 2015
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AD Milner, Monika Harvey · Bristol Research (University of Bristol) · 1996
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CUHK Digital Repository (Chinese University of Hong Kong) · 2011
Motivated by these problems, we explore the potential of projectors in interactive information visualization and processing in this thesis. In particular, we make three contributions. First, we propose a computer vision solution for direct 3D object exhibition and manipulation without the user wearing spectacles. In our approach, a new 3D display interface is designed by projecting images on a hand-held foam sphere which can be moved freely by the user. By tracking the motion of the sphere and projecting motion-dependent images onto the sphere, a virtual 3D perception can be created. Using this interface, the user will experience as if he is holding the real object in hands and be able to control the viewing angle freely.
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Nakuyama, Ken · Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) · 1992
(1) Developed a theory to explain perceived depth in untextured stereograms which relies on the principle of generic image sampling. (2) Conducted experiments on visual search and visual texture segregation which show that early filter outputs are not accessible to either of these two operations. (3) Discovered a new form of implicit memory which is uniquely shortlasting (approx 30 seconds) and which assists in enabling more speedy popout with repeated trials. (4) Developed a new theory of binocular vision which relies heavily on the importance identification of half-occlusions.
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Schulz, Simon, Saleem, Aman · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique) · 2009
One of the goals of neuroscience is to understand how animals perceive sensory information. This thesis focuses on visual systems, to unravel how neuronal structures process aspects of the visual environment. To characterise the receptive field of a neuron, we developed spike-triggered independent component analysis. Alongside characterising the receptive field of a neuron, this method provides an insight into its underlying network structure. When applied to recordings from the H1 neuron of blowflies, it accurately recovered the sub-structure of the neuron. This sub-structure was studied further by recording H1's response to plaid stimuli. Based on the response, H1 can be classified as a component cell. We then fitted an anatomically inspired model to the response, and found the critical component to explain H1's response to be a sigmoid non-linearity at output of elementary movement detectors. The simpler blowfly visual system can help us understand elementary sensory information processing mechanisms. How does the more complex mammalian cortex implement these principles in its network? To study this, we used multi-electrode arrays to characterise the receptive field properties of neurons in the visual cortex of anaesthetised mice. Based on these recordings, we estimated the cortical limits on the performance of a visual task; the behavioural performance observed by Prusky and Douglas (2004) is within these limits. Our recordings were carried out in anaesthetised animals. During anaesthesia, cortical UP states are considered "fragments of wakefulness" and from simultaneous whole-cell and extracellular recordings, we found these states to be revealed in the phase of local field potentials. This finding was used to develop a method of detecting cortical state based on extracellular recordings, which allows us to explore information processing during different cortical states. Across this thesis, we have developed, tested and applied methods that help improve our understanding of information processing in visual systems.
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Stephen F. Lewis, Robert J. Thoma, Marianna LaNoue et al. · Neuroreport · 2003
To evaluate the role of the fusiform gyrus in identifying and processing facial emotional expression in humans, MEG data were collected while six healthy subjects judged whether photographs of faces displayed emotion (happiness or disgust) compared to neutral faces and equiluminant scrambled faces. For all six subjects, a magnetic source localizing to right fusiform gyrus was evident approximately 150 ms following presentation of face stimuli, but not following non-face stimuli. MEG source strength for this component was greatest for happy, intermediate for disgust, and lowest for neutral facial expressions, suggesting that activity in fusiform gyrus is sensitive to both face-specific stimuli and to the affective content of the face. These findings are considered in the context of a specialized neural face-dependent information system.
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Christian Dohle, Raimund Kleiser, Rüdiger J. Seitz et al. · Journal of Neurophysiology · 2004
We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore how guidance of motor acts is influenced by the visually perceived body scheme. We found that when subjects view their hand as their opposite hand, i.e., the right hand is seen as the left hand and vice versa, activation in the visual cortex was lateralized opposite to the seen hand. This demonstrates for the first time that our body scheme to which vision relates our environment is already represented at the level of visual cortex.
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Eunice Yang, Duje Tadin, Davis M. Glasser et al. · Clinical Psychological Science · 2012
Abnormal perceptual experiences are central to schizophrenia but the nature of these anomalies remains undetermined. We investigated contextual processing abnormalities across a comprehensive set of visual tasks. For perception of luminance, size, contrast, orientation and motion, we quantified the degree to which the surrounding visual context altered a center stimulus' appearance. Across tasks, healthy participants showed robust contextual effects, as evidenced by pronounced misperceptions of center stimuli. Schizophrenia patients exhibited intact contextual modulations of luminance and size, but showed weakened contextual modulations of contrast, performing more accurately than controls. Strong motion and orientation context effects correlated with worse symptoms and social functioning. Importantly, the overall strength of contextual modulation across tasks did not differ between controls and schizophrenia patients. Additionally, performance measures across contextual tasks were uncorrelated, implying discrete underlying processes. These findings reveal that abnormal contextual modulation in schizophrenia is selective, arguing against the proposed unitary contextual processing dysfunction.
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Anna Katharina Schaadt, Georg Kerkhoff · Oxford University Press eBooks · 2016
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Brown, Alyse · Figshare · 2023
Submission note: A thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the School of Psychology and Public Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Victoria.
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Randi Starrfelt, Thomas Habekost · Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) · 2007
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David R. Copenhagen · 1996
Abstract : The sessions were organized as follows: (1) Visual Performance, (2) Signal Transduction and Modulation in ON Bipolar cells, (3) Mechanisms and Functions of Cap Junction Coupling, (4) Tonic Channels to Machines, (5) Synaptic Mechanisms in the Outer Plexiform Layer, (6) 'Potpourri' (Speakers selected from those who submitted poster abstracts), (7) CABAc Receptors, (8) Synaptic Processes in the Inner Plexiform Layer and (9) Ecology of Vision. The response to this conference was very enthusiastic. Thirteen of 59 participants who completed evaluation forms ranked the meetinga 5 the best conference they had attended. 41 of 59 ranked it as being in the top 10%. The attendance has grown steadily since the first conference on retina was held in 1992.
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MacDonald, Helen · MacSphere (McMaster University) · 1971
Two studies are reported investigating the role of articulation at input on the memory of visually presented sentences. The results of Experiment I indicated that irrelevant articulatory activity caused a decrement for the verbatim recall of both instructive sentences and word lists. However, there was no recall decrement for instructive sentences when the recall task consisted of carrying out the instructions given in the sentence. Experiment II indicated that irrelevant articulatory activity resulted in a decrement for sentence recognition with respect to both meaning and word changes. The results of the two experiments are discussed in terms of a differential need for the articulatory apparatus in the processing of "light" versus "heavy" information loads.
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