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About 10,000 papers for “Biodegradation”

Biodegradation

Deepak N. Kapoor, Sanju Dhawan · ASME Press eBooks · 2013

Biodegradable polymers are those that degrade both in vitro and in vivo into products that are either normal metabolites or into products that could be completely eliminated from the body with or without further metabolic transformations [20]. Biodegradation actually involves two complementary processes viz., degradation and erosion [21]. Degradation refers to the bond cleavage during which polymer chains are cleaved to low molecular weight fractions whereas erosion refers to the physical phenomena such as dissolution and diffusion of these low molecular weight fractions from the polymer matrix [22]. The degradation of polymers can take place passively by hydrolysis or actively by enzymatic reaction. The hydrolytically labile polymers are mostly preferred as biodegradable delivery systems due to their minimal site-to-site and patient-to-patient variation.

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Biodegradation

J.M. Lynch, H.W. van Verseveld · VU Research Portal · 2002

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Biodegradation

Tatyana Poznyak, Isaac Chairez Oria, Alexander S. Poznyak · Elsevier eBooks · 2018

Cited by 18

Biodegradation

Chinnappan Baskar, Chinnappan Baskar, Seeram Ramakrishna et al. · Encyclopedia of Green Materials · 2024

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Biodegradation

B. Nagel, H. Dellweg, L. M. Gierasch · IUPAC Standards Online · 2016

The glossary contains definitions and explanatory notes, if needed, of over 230 terms frequently used in publications in the multidisciplinary field of biotechnology. The glossary was developed as a step to help facilitate communication between chemists, chemical engineers, biologists and bioengineers and to make biotechnology and its methodologies more accessible to the chemical profession. The interrelation between chemistry, chemical engineering and the burgeoning areas of molecular biology will be especially important as chemical industrial processes begin to incorporate recombinant DNA techniques, for example. The range of terms includes microbiology, genetic engineering, biochemistry, molecular biology, biochemical engineering, bioprocessing and general concepts of biotechnology.

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BIODEGRADATION

2014

The increased interest in copper-based wood preservatives has hastened the need for understanding why some fungi are able to attack copper-treated wood. Due in part to accumulation of oxalic acid by brown-rot fungi and visualization of copper oxalate crystals in wood decayed by known copper-tolerant decay fungi, oxalic acid has been implicated in copper tolerance by the formation of copper oxalate crystals. Nineteen isolates of the brown-rot fungus Wolfiporia cocos were evaluated for oxalic acid production and weight loss on wood treated with 1.2 % copper citrate. Twelve of 19 isolates that caused moderate to high weight losses in copper citrate-treated wood produced low oxalic acid in liquid culture, whereas isolates with high oxalic acid production had low weight losses in treated wood. Seven W. cocos isolates demonstrated enhanced weight loss in Cu-treated wood. Wood weight loss was unaffected by the presence of copper citrate for two W. cocos isolates and weight loss was lower for 10 isolates compared to weight losses in untreated wood. Citrate did not significantly influence oxalic acid production in liquid culture. Previous hypotheses linking oxalic acid and copper tolerance were based upon observations of single isolates of Postia and Tyromyces. Although most isolates produced more oxalic acid in copper citrate-treated wood than in untreated wood. we found no statistical relationship between the amount of oxalic acid production in liquid culture or wood and copper tolerance in W. cocos. Production of oxalic acid does not seem to be the factor controlling copper tolerance in W. cocos. The diversity seen within W. cocos demonstrates that caution should be used when reporting results, so that generalizations are not based on the behavior of a single isolate. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

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Biodegradation

DESY Publication Database (PUBDB) (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron)

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Biodegradation

Isabel M. Coelhoso, Filomena Freitas, Vítor D. Alves et al. · 2012

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BIODEGRADATION

John A. Matthews · Encyclopedia of Environmental Change · 2014

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Biodegradation

K. Hatada, R. B. Fox, J. Kahovec et al. · IUPAC Standards Online · 2016

Chemical reactions of polymers are very important from the points of view of chemical modifications of polymers to improve properties and changes in structure and physico-chemical properties in the course of synthesis, processing, application or the action of chemicals or micro-organisms. However, terminology has developed only on ad hoc bases in different professional communities. Hence, this document presents an alphabetical list of terms relating to degradation, aging, and related chemical transformations of polymers, and defines a self-consistent terminology for the field to aid communication and avoid confusion. Some of the general definitions are modified by one or more prefixes or adjectives describing type or cause. Definitions of basic terms such as aging, degradation, and stability have notes appended relating to specific cases. Thus, for example, definitions of different types of aging (such as artificial, cosmic, ground, or radiation aging) are covered by notes under the general term “aging”. Adjective-modified terms that are frequently used by themselves are defined separately; biodegradation, photostabilizer, and chain-terminating antioxidant are typical examples. An index is appended at the end of the document for the reader’s convenience.

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