Diego Zappa · Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online · 2016
Abstract Control limits are one of the main elements of control charts. Generally speaking, a control chart is the graphical display of a statistic regarding the quality characteristic of interest, computed from a sample randomly drawn from a process at different time instances. As natural variability is always present in a process, we expect some variability on the control chart. Excessive variability, owing to special cause events, is referred to as being due to an assignable cause. Otherwise, when only chance causes – also called common causes of variation – are operating, the process is said to be in statistical control. In order to make a decision about the status of the process, control limits are typically positioned so that under the hypothesis of no deviation in the process, a type I probability error corresponds to an economically acceptable average run length. In this article, we discuss in a general manner how to compute control limits, and give some remarks on how limits should be computed so as to reduce false out of control signals.
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Christian Ickler · Refubium (Universitätsbibliothek der Freien Universität Berlin) · 2014
Territoriale Gewaltkontrolle durch (nicht-)staatliche Gewaltakteure ist Gegenstand einer großen Zahl grundlegender Konzepte der Konfliktforschung. Es existieren bereits erste Ansätze dieses Phänomen zu messen und raumzeitlich einzugrenzen, jedoch beruhen diese Messungen bislang entweder auf qualitativen Einschätzungen von Experten oder – im Zuge der zunehmenden Verfügbarkeit raumzeitlich desaggregierter Daten von Gewaltereignissen – der Bestimmung umkämpfter Areale auf Grundlage bewaffneter Auseinandersetzungen. Im vorliegenden Papier werden drei Ansätze zur näherungsweisen Bestimmung der Präsenz von Gewaltakteuren vorgestellt. Dabei wird auftretenden Hindernissen und Herausforderungen der Messung territorialer Gebietskontrolle durch den Einsatz von Informationen über den territorialen Wettbewerb begegnet. Hierzu werden raumzeitlich desaggregierte Ereignisdaten ausgewählter Untersuchungsländer in Sub-Sahara Afrika exemplarisch genutzt, um die Möglichkeiten der Visualisierung territorialen Wettbewerbs unter Gewaltakteuren und dem Einfluss der Auflösung der Daten nachzugehen. Darüber hinaus wird die Verfügbarkeit von gleichfalls raumzeitlich desaggregierten Kontextdaten und entsprechenden Analyseverfahren diskutiert.
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Hanns Holger Rutz · 2014
We are analysing the implications of music composition through programming, in particular the possibilities and limitations of tracing the composition process through com-puter artefacts. The analysis is attached to the case study of a sound installation. This work was realised using a new programming system which is briefly introduced. Through these observations we are probing and adjusting a model of the composition process which draws ideas from systems theory, the experimental system of differential reproduc-tion, and deconstructionism. 1.
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David Hill · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C (Applied Statistics) · 1956
Cited by 22
Jiří Michálek · Digital Repository (National Repository of Grey Literature) · 2003
The contribution deals with the construction of control limits in such cases when we admit a possible move in the mean value of probability distribution of an observed variable.
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Florence Caeymaex, Julien Pieron · Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Liège) · 2010
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Sabine Flach, Jan Söffner · Peter Lang eBooks · 2016
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David Löher · Open MIND · 2016
The Limits of Control takes Switzerland’s programme for assisted voluntary return migration (AVR) as an example to study the emerging contradictions of the sovereign liberal nation state in the governance of transnational mobility. The aim to remove the “undesirable alien” from the commonwealth governed by the state bureaucracy produces a fundamental problem for the liberal nation state as it questions the bureaucracy’s universal promise of equality and fairness. The ethnographic case study focuses on Switzerland’s AVR programme for Tunisian asylum seekers after the 2011 uprising against the Ben Ali regime and shows how the migration bureaucracy produces, shapes, and governs migrants’ “voluntariness.” It is based on ethnographic fieldwork among return migrants and return migration bureaucrats in Tunisia and Switzerland in 2013 and 2014. The paradoxical notion of governed voluntariness serves as the analytical lens to explore the efforts of the migration bureaucracy to reconcile the attempts to anticipate and enforce negative asylum decisions with the bureaucratic selfunderstanding of a governance by mutual consent. Therefore, The Limits of Control tells the story of the failing attempt to uphold the illusion of governing transnational migration by mutual consent creating a so-called win-win-win situation for the country of origin, the country of destination, and the migrant as well. Adopting the thesis of the autonomy of migration AoM as an analytical proposition, the ethnography confronts the experiences and expectations of mobility and return of six Tunisian migrants of different age and origin with the attempts of Switzerland’s migration bureaucracy to regulate migrants’ mobility through AVR programs. Therefore, this study exemplarily shows how these contested controls at the margins of the state (of undocumented migration) contradict the modern liberal nation state’s self-understanding of a governance by mutual consent.
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Daniel C. Molden, Chin Ming Hui, Abigail A. Scholer · 2017
This chapter describes the evidence that motivation rather than capacity plays a prominent role in the exercise of self-control. It explores the model of these motivational processes as a system of effort evaluation and allocation and discusses how this framework provides a comprehensive account of people’s experiences of and engagement in self-control. Although this metaphorical strength model of self-control often aptly describes the observed limits of control, research has focused on going beyond such metaphors and better articulating the psychological mechanisms responsible for the experienced difficulty of prolonged control. Baumeister et al.’s strength model of self-regulation postulates a general, but limited, capacity of mental resources that depletes with use. This would readily explain people’s observed struggle to sustain self-regulation. On the whole, the motivated effort-allocation model of self-regulation integrates the newly emerging research on the various motivational influences that determine whether people engage in self-regulation.
Cited by 3
Loher, David · BORIS Theses (Bern Open Research Information System) (Bern University Library, Hochschulstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland) · 2016
The Limits of Control takes Switzerland’s programme for assisted voluntary return migration (AVR) as an example to study the emerging contradictions of the sovereign liberal nation state in the governance of transnational mobility. The aim to remove the “undesirable alien” from the commonwealth governed by the state bureaucracy produces a fundamental problem for the liberal nation state as it questions the bureaucracy’s universal promise of equality and fairness. The ethnographic case study focuses on Switzerland’s AVR programme for Tunisian asylum seekers after the 2011 uprising against the Ben Ali regime and shows how the migration bureaucracy produces, shapes, and governs migrants’ “voluntariness.” It is based on ethnographic fieldwork among return migrants and return migration bureaucrats in Tunisia and Switzerland in 2013 and 2014. The paradoxical notion of governed voluntariness serves as the analytical lens to explore the efforts of the migration bureaucracy to reconcile the attempts to anticipate and enforce negative asylum decisions with the bureaucratic selfunderstanding of a governance by mutual consent. Therefore, The Limits of Control tells the story of the failing attempt to uphold the illusion of governing transnational migration by mutual consent creating a so-called win-win-win situation for the country of origin, the country of destination, and the migrant as well. Adopting the thesis of the autonomy of migration AoM as an analytical proposition, the ethnography confronts the experiences and expectations of mobility and return of six Tunisian migrants of different age and origin with the attempts of Switzerland’s migration bureaucracy to regulate migrants’ mobility through AVR programs. Therefore, this study exemplarily shows how these contested controls at the margins of the state (of undocumented migration) contradict the modern liberal nation state’s self-understanding of a governance by mutual consent.
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2020
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蔡宗儒 · 2002
計畫編號：NSC91-2118-M032-007
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University of Georgia Press eBooks · 2018
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Sara Silva, Ernesto Costa · Lecture notes in computer science · 2004
Cited by 28
Nancy Koplin Jack, Betty Schiffer · American Sociological Review · 1948
Cited by 17
Jiří Michálek · Digital Repository (National Repository of Grey Literature) · 2000
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Docksai, Ron · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) · 1975
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Patrick T. Holland · IUPAC Standards Online · 2016
The glossary contains definitions of over 270 terms frequently used in relation to the chemistry, regulation and use of pesticides. A wide range of disciplines are involved in this field and the glossary was developed as a step in facilitating communication between researchers, government regulatory authorities and chemists in associated professional areas. The range of terms includes pesticide residues, sampling for analysis, good laboratory practice, metabolism, environmental fate, effects on ecosystems, computer simulation models, toxicology and risk assessment.
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Jocelyn Anthea Tommerup · OakTrust (Texas A&M University Libraries) · 1974
Traditionally, statistical control has been utilised in attempting to detect variation in quality of process-output for which it was assumed statistically independent observations were obtained over time. In practice, this convenient assumption is rarely valid (for real life phenomena and forecasting and control technology is required for dependent time series data. Although the literature abounds with references to control systems for independent measurements the only reference to control of dependent data emphasized the total inadequacy of traditional control limits and the need for more realistic values, but offered no alternative methodology. To partially meet this need for control techniques for dependent observations, several models assuming some degree of dependency have been proposed and illustrated with practical applications. The models chosen represent observations generated by moving averages, the linear autoregressive mechanism, a two -state Markov chain and the number of renewals for selected ordinary and Markov renewal processes.
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Edward Alsworth Ross, Matthias Groß · 2017
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