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About 6,934 papers for “Disjunct”

Conjunct/ Disjunct follow up

Gawne, Lauren · Americanae (AECID Library) · 2028

Notes in 2010 Book 1; pp. 26-34. ; duration: 0:39:31; All audio recordings created using Zoom H4n audio recorder with internal mic (.wav format 44.1 kHz, 16-bit stereo).. Language as given: Lamjung Yolmo

Cited by 0Open access

Niche conservatism and disjunct populations

J. Ryan Shipley, Andrea Contina, Nyambayar Batbayar et al. · The Auk · 2013

Painted Buntings (Passerina ciris) breed in a variety of habitats across the southern United States; however, a 500-km gap divides the species into eastern and western populations with dramatically different molting schedules. By contrast, the closely related Indigo Bunting (P. cyanea) is syntopic with Painted Buntings, but its range includes the 500-km gap. To date, no well-supported hypothesis explains the gap in the range of Painted Buntings. We used MaxEnt to describe ecological niches of both species and performed comparative analyses of model results to evaluate niche similarity between the two Painted Bunting breeding populations and the range gap. All present-day niche models for both species predicted a single contiguous breeding range, which suggests that the gap in the Painted Bunting range is not bioclimatic in origin. Comparative analyses of the three different environments suggest little bioclimatic divergence. Distribution models during the Last Glacial Maximum suggest that Painted Buntings likely bred as far north as ~28N latitude, with two disjunct populations in what are now Florida and northern Mexico. Although alternatives exist, the most parsimonious explanation is that the Gulf of Mexico serves as a migratory divide and there are fitness costs to birds attempting to fly around or over the Gulf to reach their molting or wintering grounds. This was a primary factor contributing to the origin of the current allopatric breeding distribution. Historical distribution models imply that the species may not have filled the 500-km gap as their breeding range expanded northward; divergent molting schedules may reinforce the existing range disjunction.

Cited by 21Open access

The Representation of Disjunct Constituents

M. Teresa Espinal · Language · 1991

One problem in linguistic theory concerns the way in which the properties characterizing parenthetical or disjunct constituents are formally recorded in linguistic descriptions. The goals of this paper are to describe the interaction between disjunct constituents and sentential structures and to argue for an extension of the theoretical apparatus initially postulated in autosegmental phonology in order to represent complex syntactic structures containing disjunct constituents with a number of independent phrase markers that intersect at the linear axis.

Cited by 334

ANNOTATED DISJUNCT FOR MACHINE TRANSLATION

BHARATA ADJI, TEGUH BHARATA ADJI · UTPedia (Universiti Teknologi Petronas) · 2010

Most information found in the Internet is available in English version. However, most people in the world are non-English speaker. Hence, it will be of great advantage to have reliable Machine Translation tool for those people. There are many approaches for developing Machine Translation (MT) systems, some of them are direct, rule-based/transfer, interlingua, and statistical approaches. This thesis focuses on developing an MT for less resourced languages i.e. languages that do not have available grammar formalism, parser, and corpus, such as some languages in South East Asia. The nonexistence of bilingual corpora motivates us to use direct or transfer approaches. Moreover, the unavailability of grammar formalism and parser in the target languages motivates us to develop a hybrid between direct and transfer approaches. This hybrid approach is referred as a hybrid transfer approach. This approach uses the Annotated Disjunct (ADJ) method. This method, based on Link Grammar (LG) formalism, can theoretically handle one-to-one, many-to-one, and many-to-many word(s) translations. This method consists of transfer rules module which maps source words in a source sentence (SS) into target words in correct position in a target sentence (TS). The developed transfer rules are demonstrated on English → Indonesian translation tasks. An experimental evaluation is conducted to measure the performance of the developed system over available English-Indonesian MT systems. The developed ADJ-based MT system translated simple, compound, and complex English sentences in present, present continuous, present perfect, past, past perfect, and future tenses with better precision than other systems, with the accuracy of 71.17% in Subjective Sentence Error Rate metric.

Cited by 0

The Mediterranean-southern African disjunct

Achille Casale, Ignacio Ribera · 2016

The disjunct distribution of supposedly related carabid taxa in different con-tinents highly stimulated the curiosity of carabidologists interested in Biogeography, which resulted in the proposition of a long series of hypothe-ses and theories. The tribe Pterostichini, one of the most diverse groups in the family Carabidae and with a world wide distribution, has been the object of some recent phylogenetic analyses and classifications, based on both external and genital characters and on molecular data. The main goal of the present contribution is the study, using a molecular approach, of the supposed close relationships between the Euro-Mediterranean taxa attributed to “Pterostichidae Molopini”, and some genera of South Africa,

Cited by 0

Parity-check Codes from Disjunct Matrices

Kathryn Haymaker, Emily McMillon · arXiv (Cornell University) · 2023

The matrix representations of linear codes have been well-studied for use as disjunct matrices. However, no connection has previously been made between the properties of disjunct matrices and the parity-check codes obtained from them. This paper makes this connection for the first time. We provide some fundamental results on parity-check codes from general disjunct matrices (in particular, a minimum distance bound). We then consider three specific constructions of disjunct matrices and provide parameters of their corresponding parity-check codes including rate, distance, girth, and density. We show that, by choosing the correct parameters, the codes we construct have the best possible error-correction performance after one round of bit-flipping decoding with regard to a modified version of Gallager's bit-flipping decoding algorithm.

Cited by 0Open access

A Plea For Affirming a Disjunct

Brian Kirby · Informal Logic · 1986

In the third year of our marriage, I discovered that my wife has disjunctive tendencies I came at the same time to realize my own proclivity for the conditional These revelations came about as I observed that, on those infrequent occasions when our young child dallied at bedtime, my wife ' s inclination was to say, 'Either you get to bed this instant or I will spank you . My own inclination in those cases was to say, ' If you don't get to bed this instant, I will spank you. With some adjustment to my logical intuitions , I have come to think of my wife's way of speaking as perfectly natural. We live, after all, in a pluralistic society What continues to be bothersome from a logical point of view, though , is that according to a least one popular text on critical reasoning, my wife has set the stage for our child to reason fallaciously, to commit the fallacy of affirming a disjunct. He is, we hope, going to aim at the result that he won't get spanked by making true the premise that he goes to bed :

Cited by 0Open access

Monotone Correlation and Monotone Disjunct Pieces

Devendra Chhetry, Jan de Leeuw, Allan R. Sampson · SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications · 1990

Suppose X, Y are random variables taking Values on the $m \times n$ lattice $\{ x_1 < \cdots < x_m \} \times \{ y_1 < \cdots < y_n \}$ with $Q = \{ \operatorname{Prob}(X = x_i ,Y = y_j )\} $. Let $\rho _{\rm CMC} (Q)$ and $\rho _{\rm DMC} (Q)$ be the concordant and discordant monotone correlations defined, respectively, by the maximum and minimum of correlation $f(X)$, g(Y) over all f, g increasing with nonzero variances. A number of results concerning $\rho _{\rm CMC} (Q)$ and $\rho _{\rm DMC} (Q)$ and their evaluations are obtained. One result shows that $\rho _{\rm CMC} (Q) = 1$, if and only if Q consists of at least two increasing disjunct pieces, i.e., $Q = \operatorname{Diag} (Q_1 ,Q_2 )$. Necessary and sufficient conditions are also given for $\rho _{\rm CMC} (Q) = \rho _{\rm DMC} (Q)$.

Cited by 2

METAREPRESENTATIONAL ACCOUNT OF DISJUNCT ADVERBIAL CLAUSES

Agnieszka Solska · 2012

Linguistic research into how human metacognitive abilities are reflected in language (Wilson 2000; Noh 2000) has led to identifying several kinds of utterances which can be described as metarepresentational since they share the common property of using a representation to represent another representation.

Cited by 0