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About 7,814 papers for “Externality”

Externality

Eiji Yamamura, Eiji Yamamura · 2013

Cited by 0

Externality

Takashi Hayashi · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics

Abstract Consumption or production activity is said to have an externality if its effect is not taken into account in the determination of market price.

Cited by 0

Externality

Yew-Kwang Ng · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics

Abstract It was noted in Chapter 2 that an equilibrium situation of a perfectly competitive market economy is Pareto optimal under certain conditions. One of these conditions is the absence of (unaccounted for) external effects. However external effects are pervasive. External effects in the form of environmental disruption have attracted both academic and public attention for decades (see for example Papandreou, 1994; Stavins, 2000). This chapter considers how external effects can cause non-optimality, and how this can be alleviated. But first we shall discuss the concept and classification of external effects.

Cited by 0

externality

Justin Tumlinson · Palgrave Macmillan eBooks · 2013

The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management has been written by an international team of leading academics, practitioners and rising stars and contains almost 550 individually commissioned entri

Cited by 0

Externality

Justin Tumlinson · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · 2016

A brief explanation of economic externalities is presented here: under what circumstances they arise, what forms they take, their consequences for business and society, as well as methods for mitigating them, both through governmental action and market forces.

Cited by 0

EXTERNALITY

James M. Buchanan, Wm. Craig Stubblebine · Increasing returns and inframarginal econimics · 2006

AbstractExternality has been, and is, central to the neo-classical critique of market organisation. In its various forms — external economies and diseconomies, divergencies between marginal social and marginal private cost or product, spillover and neighbourhood effects, collective or public goods — externality dominates theoretical welfare economics, and, in one sense, the theory of economic policy generally. Despite this importance and emphasis, rigorous definitions of the concept itself are not readily available in the literature. As Scitovosky has noted, "definitions of external economies are few and unsatisfactory".1 The following seems typical:External effects exist in consumption whenever the shape or position of a man's indifference curve depends on the consumption of other men.[External effects] are present whenever a firm's production function depends in some way on the amounts of the inputs or outputs of another firm2.It seems clear that operational and usable definitions are required…

Cited by 2

Externality

Peter van Inwagen · Metaphysics · 2024

Cited by 0Open access

Externality

James M. Buchanan, William C. Stubblebine · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics

Abstract Externality has been, and is, central to the neo-classical critique of market organisation. In its various forms – external economies and diseconomies, divergencies between marginal social and marginal private cost or product, spillover and neighbourhood effects, collective or public goods – externality dominates theoretical welfare economics, and, in one sense, the theory of economic policy generally. Despite this importance and emphasis, rigorous definitions of the concept itself are not readily available in the literature. As Scitovosky has noted, “definitions of external economies are few and unsatisfactory”.1 The following seems typical:

Cited by 0

Fiskální externality

Michalcová, Gabriela · Digital Repository (National Repository of Grey Literature) · 2010

Fiscal externalities bring benefits or costs to more units of public governments and they are caused by the activity of just one of them. Externalities are generally described in the first part of the thesis as well as the fiscal and tax externalities. The theoretical part of the thesis deals also with tax exporting and the tax competition. The end of this part is comprised by the relation among the municipalities, fiscal externalities and the property tax. The second part of the thesis is more analytical and includes own research using data primarily collected then the analysis and finally evaluation are made. The final chapter of the thesis is more focused on the individual tax bases of the property tax and possible tax exporting relating to these tax bases. This chapter also includes the foreign studies where the issue of tax exporting is discussed.

Cited by 0

Fiscal Externality*

Fiscal Externality, Vesa Kanniainen, Jenni Pääkkönen et al. · 2007

Some markets are prone to develop shadow activities like piracy for the purpose of tax evasion. Selfesteem and social disapproval control the expansion of such markets. The associated tax evasion leads to fiscal externality, highlighting the tension between private opportunism and collective values. Illegal activities may yet enhance welfare by limiting the pricing power of incumbent firms and by controlling tax collection.

Cited by 0

GENERALIZED EXTERNALITY GAMES

Corcho, Paula, Ferreira, José Luis · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · 2001

Externality games are studied in Grafe et al. (1998). We define a generalization of this class of games and show, using the methodology in Izquierdo and Rafels (1996 and 2001), some properties of the new class of generalized externality games. They include, among others, the algebraic structure of the game, convexity, and their implication for the study of cooperative solutions. Also the proportional rule is characterized for this class of games.

Cited by 0Open access

Ideas of externality

Papandreou, A · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique) · 1990

Cited by 0

Irrelevant Externality Angst

David D. Haddock · Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics · 2007

Public goods are perplexing because insuperable transaction costs are encountered when optimization requires comprehensive negotiation among large populations of beneficiaries. Though scrutiny is certainly warranted, private internalization of public goods externalities is common. Even when many parties can freely utilize the good, if most experience a real but marginally irrelevant external effect, private interactions among the few who experience relevant impacts can suitably balance marginal costs and benefits across entire populations. It is impossible to ascertain the desirability or form of government intervention if empirical tasks are neglected on the basis of inconclusive theoretical conjectures. Journal of Economic Literature Classification: D23, D62, D78, H41, K32, P16, Q28

Cited by 12

Identification and externality

Harry G. Frankfurt · Cambridge University Press eBooks · 1988

One of the central and most difficult problems in the theory of action is often formulated in some such way as the following. What account is to be given of the difference between the sort of thing that goes on when a person raises his arm (say, to give a signal) and the sort of thing that happens when a person's arm rises (say, because of a muscular spasm) without his raising it? The question invokes a contrast between events that are actions, in which the higher faculties of human beings come into play, and those movements of a person's body – instances of behavior other than actions, or mere bodily happenings – that he does not himself make. This contrast can evidently be generalized. It is a special case of the contrast between activity and passivity, which is considerably wider in scope.

Cited by 153