Grant A. Covic, J.T. Boys · Proceedings of the IEEE · 2013
Inductive power transfer (IPT) was an engineering curiosity less than 30 years ago, but, at that time, it has grown to be an important technology in a variety of applications. The paper looks at the background to IPT and how its development was based on sound engineering principles leading on to factory automation and growing to a $1 billion industry in the process. Since then applications for the technology have diversified and at the same time become more technically challenging, especially for the static and dynamic charging of electric vehicles (EVs), where IPT offers possibilities that no other technology can match. Here, systems that are ten times more powerful, more tolerant of misalignment, safer, and more efficient may be achievable, and if they are, IPT can transform our society. The challenges are significant but the technology is promising.
Cited by 1,170Open access
Claude Sammut, Geoffrey I. Webb · Encyclopedia of Machine Learning and Data Mining · 2017
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Thornton, C., Sussex Univ., Brighton (United Kingdom). School of Cognitive and Computing Sciences · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique) · 1996
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Claude Sammut, Geoffrey I. Webb · Encyclopedia of Machine Learning · 2010
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Xiaobo Liu, Guangjun Wang, Zhihua Cai null et al. · Journal of Fiber Bioengineering and Informatics · 2015
Inductive transfer learning is a major research area in transfer learning which aims at achieving a high performance in the target domain by inducing the useful knowledge from the source domain. By combining decisions from individual classifiers, ensemble learning can usually reduce variance and achieve higher accuracy than a single classifier. In this paper, we propose a novel Ensemble Inductive Transfer Learning (EITL) method. EITL builds a set of classifiers by recording the iterative process of knowledge transfer. In each iteration, it uses the classifier of the source domain, the base classifier of the target domain built on the initial labeled data, and the most recent classifier built on the updated labeled data, to classify unlabeled instances, and add some self-labeled instances to the labeled data, and then trains a new classifier. At the end, all the classifiers built in this process are used for classification. We conduct experiments on synthetic data sets and six UCI data sets, which show that EITL is an effective algorithm in terms of classification accuracy.
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Mitcheson, PD, Lucyszyn, S, Pinuela, M et al. · Spiral (Imperial College London) · 2015
An inductive power transfer system comprises a transmitter circuit comprising a transmitter coil and a receiver circuit comprising a receiver coil spaced from the transmitter coil. The transmitter circuit is in the form of a Class E amplifier with a first inductor and a transistor in series between the terminals of a power supply. A first transmitter capacitance is in parallel with the transistor between the first inductor and a power supply terminal, a primary tank circuit in parallel with the first transmitter capacitance, the primary tank circuit comprising the transmitter coil and a second transmitter capacitance arranged in parallel with the transmitter coil, and a third transmitter capacitance in series with the first inductor between the first transmitter capacitance and the primary tank circuit. The second transmitter capacitance is selected such that a resonant frequency of the primary tank circuit is not equal to the first frequency.
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Suvendu Samanta, Akshay Kumar Rathore · 2023
Research on wireless power transfer (WPT) technology has gained significant popularity in recent years due to the availability of high-power and high-switching frequency semiconductor devices. This chapter presents a brief overview and qualitative comparison of several possible WPT technologies. Inductive charging systems generally consist of a primary side power converter, an inductive interface transformer, and a secondary converter. In inductive coupling technology, if a significant air gap is introduced, the power transfer between the primary and secondary coil becomes ineffective. Considering the advantages of IPT technology, a detailed theory is included. The basic operating principle is like a two-winding transformer, where the magnetizing inductance is much lower than a conventional iron core transformer. In IPT systems VSI is compatible with series, LCL, or LCCL compensation networks. Magnetic coupling is an important factor in designing a wireless IPT system.
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Yuhang Jiang · Advances in economics, business and management research/Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research · 2022
Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) technology has been gaining popularity all around the world for the last few decades. It is gradually becoming an indispensable part of people's lives. This paper will evaluate IPT technology from two general aspects: current development statement and future development tendencies. After reviewing a large amount of literature, it can be concluded that many researchers have made their efforts and some valuable outcomes have already been accomplished. It turned out that at the current stage, two main applications of this technology are studied most, including the charging of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Electrical Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) by using IPT systems. Additionally, uncontrolled power loss, leakage of magnetic field and relative coil position problems are bothering people. Different studies have been carried out in order to solve these problems with this technology in different situations. Different solutions will be presented through a literature review. In the future, efficiency and volume problems will likely be the research tendency according to the literature review.
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Takashi Ohira · IEEE Microwave Magazine · 2025
Presents mathematical puzzles that engage the interest of readers.
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Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) · 2021
A shielded inductive power transfer unit (10,20 30,40) comprising a winding of a first coil (13,34,44) arranged for power transfer and a shielding member (60,70) arranged for covering at least a part of a first surface of the first coil in a direction of power transfer. The shielding member comprises a plurality of elongate electrically conductive strips (11) arranged for spanning an area all along the winding of the first coil, wherein the plurality of conductive strips have longitudinal axes are arranged parallel to the surface. The first coil defines a substantially void central (25) area about the first winding axis, wherein a part of the shielding member overlapping the central area (25) is essentially void of electrically conductive shielding material.
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Akaa Agbaeze Eteng (2149822), Sharul Kamal Abdul Rahim (2149825), Chee Yen Leow (2149831) et al. · Figshare · 2016
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Matthew G. S. Pearce, Aaron Wadsworth, Duleepa J. Thrimawithana · 2024
This paper presents a demonstration inductive power transfer system operating at 77 K, transferring 17 W over a 5 mm air gap. Such a system could have applications in high-temperature superconducting magnets, satellites and asteroid mining. A GaN HEMT full bridge inverter is used with careful selection of the tuning components to reduce mis-tuning effects with temperature variation. The key equations, magnetic coupler design, tuning topology and component selection are presented, and the system is simulated, constructed, and validated in the laboratory. The presented methodology can be modified for contact-less power delivery in satellite applications or for supporting HTS magnets in space or terrestrial scenarios.
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A. Delmas, M. Omeich, C. Rioux · 2005
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Sourav Ghimirey, Chitrangada Roy, Anirban Sengupta · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · 2021
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Roger Luis, Luis Enrique Sucar, Eduardo F. Morales · Machine Learning · 2009
Cited by 70Open access
Mazli, Mohamad Syafiq, Wan Fauzi, Wan Noor Nadira, Khan, Sheroz et al. · The International Islamic University Malaysia Repository (The International Islamic University Malaysia) · 2018
This paper studied the implementation of wireless power transfer through using a mix of inductive and capacitive coupling techniques to overcome the disadvantages of wired power transfer. The topology for the prototype of the combined system is based on LC-compensated topology, the combination of LCC-compensated topology of inductive power transfer together with LCLC-compensated of the capacitive power transfer. The power energy is transferred through the 30 mm x 30 mm of inductive coupler with the help of 61 mm x 61 mm of capacitive coupler. The simulation results proved that the power can be transferred through both inductive and capacitive coupler by observing the magnetic and electric fields. An experiment has proven that both inductive and capacitive coupler resonate together, using the compensation components in transferring power.
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Matthew G. S. Pearce · ResearchSpace (University of Auckland) · 2020
Electric Vehicles (EVs) are a viable option for future transportation, but readily available infrastructure to charge their batteries is still developing. It is possible to charge EVs while they are parked at home, on the side of a public road or even while in continuous motion on a roadway with conductive charging systems. However, EV charging can be improved with wireless charging, which removes the need for mechanical connections, improving safety and reliability. The leading technology for wireless EV charging is Inductive Power Transfer (IPT), which uses a magnetic coupler on the ground side (called a primary) and on the vehicle side (called a secondary) to produce and collect the magnetic field. A roadway is a very harsh environment as it is subject to extremes in temperature and vibration. Any roadway IPT system must operate for a long time without maintenance as taking it out of service for maintenance causes disruption. One key way to improve the mechanical robustness is to remove the most fragile element of the IPT magnetic coupler, ferrite, which has excellent magnetic properties but is a brittle ceramic that may break in the roadway. In addition, magnetic field leakage from the system should be as low as possible, as there may be people present near the system. This thesis explores ways to design IPT magnetic couplers for a roadway environment for improved mechanical robustness and a reduced leakage magnetic field. The magnetic topologies investigated use a stationary charging system, which has similar dimensions to those being standardised, as a basis of comparison. However a fully dynamic charging concept is explored at the end of the thesis. A background to IPT systems is presented with an emphasis on roadway environments and previous designs for magnetic couplers, including an axisymmetric circular magnetic coupler with a reflection winding. An optimisation of a circular reflection winding with a genetic algorithm is presented to investigate and improve on the reflection winding concept. A metric is then developed to fairly compare the leakage magnetic flux density from different primary geometries when they deliver the same power to a secondary. Analysis is also provided to show that modelling magnetic couplers as a solid block is a sensible approximation, which reduces simulation complexity and run time. Finally, a comparison of two of the leading magnetic topologies, the rectangular and the Double D (DD) magnetic coupler, is presented by comparing the effect on the normalised leakage magnetic flux density when altering their geometries. From this analysis the DD topology is selected as the preferable topology for roadway IPT, given the DD magnetic coupler has a greater tolerance to misalignment and lower leakages where people may be present. To investigate improving the mechanical robustness of the DD topology in a roadway environment, an analysis of the complete removal of ferrite and the optimal placement of a reflection winding to shape the field is presented. An optimised magnetic coupler was validated in the laboratory, and the reflection winding then further optimised with a genetic algorithm. A mathematical model is also presented which allows the parameters of the magnetic coupler to be calculated with variations of the reflection winding. These variations include changing the number of turns, and two different ways to drive current in the reflection winding; the reflection winding can be directly driven with the same current but in the opposite sense to the driven winding, or Lenz’ law can be exploited to produce a similar current in the reflection winding. These ferrite-less Double D magnetic couplers are validated in the laboratory. The most effective use of small volumes of ferrite in DD magnetic couplers is investigated by presenting the effect on coupling and leakage as the size of the ferrite is increased from nothing to its original size. A small practical size of ferrite is chosen, and a reflection winding added to further reduce the leakage field. Additional ferrite is then placed at the edge of the magnetic coupler to further reduce leakage, and a number of these magnetic couplers are validated in the laboratory. Finally, a primary topology is presented which provides a continuous power transfer with a number of discrete magnetic couplers to a moving vehicle. To evaluate this, a different secondary is used to that used for the stationary magnetics. This is a multi-winding bi-polar magnetic coupler, which is better able to assess interoperability to different secondaries. The primary can behave as either a rectangular or DD magnetic coupler, which is the mechanism that allows smooth transfer to the secondary bi-polar magnetic coupler while in motion. The primary can also be used with rectangular or DD secondary magnetic couplers but the power transfer is not as consistent while the secondary moves over the primary. A number of practical issues are discussed including the selection of copper area, the effect of cross coupling between the primaries, and the leakage magnetic field. This thesis explores the design of inductive power transfer magnetic couplers for roadway applications. The key areas focused on are the development of suitable metrics and techniques to evaluate roadway IPT systems, the investigation into reducing and removing ferrite in DD topology magnetic couplers, and the addition and optimisation of a reflection winding to help shape the field. It is completed with an idea to develop a continuous Double D highway that is both modular in installation and is able to provide a continuous power transfer.
Cited by 1Open access
Ben Minnaert, Lieven De Strycker, Nobby Stevens · Lirias (KU Leuven) · 2015
status: Published
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Grant A. Covic · Journal of Physics Conference Series · 2013
The ability to provide power without wires was imagined over a century ago, but assumed commercially impractical and impossible to realise. However for more than two decades the University of Auckland has been at the forefront of developing and commercialising this technology alongside its industrial partners. This research has proven that significant wireless power can be transferred over relatively large air-gaps efficiently and robustly. Early solutions were applied in industrial applications to power moving vehicles in clean room systems, industrial plants, and in theme parks, but more recently this research has helped develop technology that has the ability to impact us directly at home. The seminar will describe some of the early motivations behind this research, and introduce some of the solutions which have been developed by the team of researchers at Auckland over two decades, many of which have found their way into the market. It will also describe how the technology has recently been re-developed to enable battery charging of electric vehicles without the need to plug in, and alongside this how it has the potential to change the way we drive in the future.
Cited by 1Open access
Nikolay Madzharov, Raycho Ilarionov, Anton T. Tonchev · Indian Journal Of Applied Research · 2011
IJAR - Indian Journal of Applied Research (IJAR) IJAR is a double reviewed monthly print journal that accepts research works from scholars, academicians, professors, doctorates, lecturers, and corporate in their respective expertise of studies.
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