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About 10,000 papers for “Ionization”

Ionization

Yadav, Paramjit · Figshare · 2023

All about ionization

Cited by 0Open access

IONIZATION

The Medical Journal of Australia · 1937

Cited by 0

Ionization

National Cancer Institute · Definitions · 2020

Any process by which a neutral atom gains or loses electrons, thus acquiring a net charge, as the dissociation of a substance in solution into ions or ion production by the passage of radioactive particles.

Cited by 0Open access

Ionization

Miller, Glenn H. · AccessScience · 2015

AccessScience is an authoritative and dynamic online resource that contains incisively written, high-quality educational material covering all major scientific disciplines. An acclaimed gateway to scientific knowledge, AccessScience is continually expanding the ways it can demonstrate and explain core, trustworthy scientific information that inspires and guides users to deeper knowledge.

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Ionization

Rudolf Kippenhahn, Alfred Weigert, Achim Weiß · Astronomy and astrophysics library · 2012

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ionization

T Pattard, T Schneider, Jm Rost · 2016

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IONIZATION

A. W. Campbell · A-to-Z Guide to Thermodynamics Heat and Mass Transfer and Fluids Engineering · 2008

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Ionization

Charles L. Perrin, Israel Agranat, Alessandro Bagno et al. · IUPAC Standards Online · 2023

This Glossary contains definitions, explanatory notes, and sources for terms used in physical organic chemistry. Its aim is to provide guidance on the terminology of physical organic chemistry, with a view to achieving a consensus on the meaning and applicability of useful terms and the abandonment of unsatisfactory ones. Owing to the substantial progress in the field, this 2021 revision of the Glossary is much expanded relative to the previous edition, and it includes terms from cognate fields.

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Ionization

E.W. FARMER · Elsevier eBooks · 1992

Cited by 1

Ionization

Yadav, Paramjit · Figshare · 2023

All about ionization

Cited by 0Open access

Ionization

Jeff Colvin, Jon Larsen · Cambridge University Press eBooks · 2013

During the latter part of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth century numerous experiments were performed that probed matter on a very fine scale. The observations required explanation, and thus began the development of atomic theory. Experiments using the scattering of charged particles, as well as electromagnetic radiation, demonstrated that the atom has structure. Rutherford's experiment established that the mass of an atom is concentrated in a very small nucleus, while its volume and its physical and chemical properties are determined by a comparatively loose surrounding structure of electrons. Other experiments, such as the conduction of electricity through rarified gases, showed the existence of free electrons. Milliken's oil drop experiment provided direct confirmation that the electron's charge-to-mass ratio is a constant, and that the charge on a droplet can be measured in integral amounts. Numerous explanations were advanced for these observations, some with success and some without. One of the more impressive results from the Lorentzian theory of the electron was the determination of the classical radius of the electron.

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Ionization and dissociative ionization of methane molecules

A. N. Zavilopulo, M. I. Mykyta, A. Mylymko et al. · Technical Physics · 2013

A technique for mass-spectrometric investigation of the yield of positive ions produced by direct and electron-impact dissociative ionization of methane molecules is described, and respective experimental data are presented. Doubly charged C 2 + , CH 3 2+ , and CH 4 2+ ions, as well as singly charged D 2 + , CD 3 + , and CD 4 + ions, are detected in the mass spectrum of a methane molecule at electron energy U e = 90 eV for the first time. From ionization efficiency curves, the ionization energy of the parent molecule and the appearance energy of fragment ions are determined. The ionization energy of the CH4 molecule is found to be 12.62 ± 0.20 eV. Electron-molecular reactions that may take place when a low-energy electron beam interacts with a methane molecule are analyzed. The ionization process and the formation of methane molecule fragments are studied.

Cited by 8

Analytical instruments, ionization sources, and ionization methods

David A. Atkinson · OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) · 2023

Methods and apparatus for simultaneous vaporization and ionization of a sample in a spectrometer prior to introducing the sample into the drift tube of the analyzer are disclosed. The apparatus includes a vaporization/ionization source having an electrically conductive conduit configured to receive sample particulate which is conveyed to a discharge end of the conduit. Positioned proximate to the discharge end of the conduit is an electrically conductive reference device. The conduit and the reference device act as electrodes and have an electrical potential maintained between them sufficient to cause a corona effect, which will cause at least partial simultaneous ionization and vaporization of the sample particulate. The electrical potential can be maintained to establish a continuous corona, or can be held slightly below the breakdown potential such that arrival of particulate at the point of proximity of the electrodes disrupts the potential, causing arcing and the corona effect. The electrical potential can also be varied to cause periodic arcing between the electrodes such that particulate passing through the arc is simultaneously vaporized and ionized. The invention further includes a spectrometer containing the source. The invention is particularly useful for ion mobility spectrometers and atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometers.

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ionization in

Chengpu Liu, Karen Z. Hatsagortsyan · 2016

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