Tatsufumi Yamagata · 2024
There is a belief that PWDs are rarely capable of earning a living because of their impairments. As stated in Chapter 1 of this book, however, if a society accommodates PWDs by adjusting physical and institutional environments where PWDs live, impairments of PWDs need not be disabling. Improvements in physical accessibility and communication devices, compensation for disadvantages, and eradication of prejudice against impairments are likely to expand capacity and to enhance the degree of freedom of PWDs. Thus, if the societies where PWDs reside change according to their needs, impairments do not necessarily have to be disabilities, and PWDs may perform well in terms of economic activities. In this chapter, it is shown that income levels are diverse among PWDs depending upon both individual attributes and the conditions of the society where a PWD lives.
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Srabasti Majumdar · 2024
The term ‘transgender’ implies a spectrum of gender identities that defy social gender norms based on the unilinear relationship between sex and gender. In the transgender spectrum, transfeminine 1 as a category of identity is comprised of the transgender individuals who are ascribed male at birth but live as a ‘woman’ as their lived gender, identify as ‘woman’ or ‘transwoman’ or belong to the ‘transfeminine’ part of the gender spectrum. In the late 1990's transfeminine individuals became connected with the HIV/AIDS pandemic as a High Risk Group, they were colloquially identified as kothis 2 or feminine partners of men who have sex with men. The linkage of ‘femininity’ is considered as a ‘social fall’ and the kothis became the object of ridicule, humiliation, and discrimination. Even today transfeminine individuals continue to be ‘inconceivable’ in the eyes of the heteropatriarchal binarised society that considers anything outside the heteronormative binary as an aberration and doubly stigmatised for denouncing the privileges of a man and embracing the ‘second sex’.
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Americanae (AECID Library)
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Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)
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Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens Kew)
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2023
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Gauraki, Aida · The COCOON platform (University of Paris) · 1975
https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/70366
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Samuel O. Idowu, René Schmidpeter, Nicholas Capaldi et al. · 2023
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Paula M. Rayman · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics
Abstract The primary impetus to work is to earn a living. While other motivations for working, such as self-fulfillment and commitment to the common good are important, work that does not achieve a livelihood undermines human dignity. This is why the United Nations’ 1948 Declaration of Human Rights was so clear in its insistence that human beings have not only a right to work, to free choice of employment, and to just and favorable conditions of work, but also to “protection against unemployment” and “to an adequate standard of living.”
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Gauraki, Aida · The COCOON platform (University of Paris) · 1975
https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/70366
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Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)
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Encyclopedia of Environment and Society · 2007
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Parvez Rana · 2025
This chapter explores the livelihood opportunities for Indian youth, focusing on the major challenges they face in securing employment. The young population of India can be beneficial, but this potential is restricted by high unemployment rates. The chapter highlights the failure of employment growth to match economic growth, resulting in a competition for jobs, particularly in the government sector. The chapter examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which increased the already-suffering unemployment situation. Unemployment is perceived as the biggest problem by Indian youth creating social, regional, and economic divides. Despite some hope for future improvement, a significant portion of the youth remains pessimistic about the job market. The chapter highlights youth dissatisfaction with employment opportunities, particularly in northern and eastern states. It discusses barriers such as job shortage, competition, qualification gaps, and the role of government schemes. It calls for urgent action on job creation and employability.
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Daniel B. Kramer (147650), Kara Stevens (271937), Nicholas E. Williams (141981) et al. · Figshare · 2017
<p>The percent of households utilizing various livelihoods paired with farming and fishing in 2010 and 2012. Farming, fishing, and forest product gathering were the most commonly paired livelihoods.</p>
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Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens Kew)
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Rongxing Guo · 2012
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Dharam P. Abrol · 2013
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Susanna Davies · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics
Abstract This chapter examines how livelihood systems in the Inner Niger Delta and the surrounding drylands have evolved from being highly resilient and insensitive to food insecurity before the drought of the early 1970s, to their current state of low resilience and high sensitivity. Resilience and sensitivity are, it will be recalled from Chapter 2, two dimensions of vulnerability or its opposite, security. The chapter demonstrates: how different livelihood systems achieved food security in the past and the extent to which the resilience of local systems to stress has declined with successive cycles of drought, whilst their sensitivity has increased; how these livelihood systems now achieve food security and what the precise bundle of sources of and calls on entitlements is for each system in a ‘normal’ (but post–drought) year; the nature and extent of seasonal vulnerability to food insecurity faced by different livelihood systems.
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