Jeffrey S. Neuschatz, Stacy A. Wetmore, Scott D. Gronlund · Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences · 2015
Abstract Memory is a reconstructive process, relying on pre‐existing shared knowledge to help us comprehend and interpret what we experience. A reliance on prior knowledge is a vital aid to communication and comprehension, but, as a consequence, results in the modification of some details in an event, the addition of other details, or even the fabrication of entire new events. We review classic research that first demonstrated the phenomenon of reconstructive memory and the capability of prior knowledge to influence what people remember. We next discuss cutting‐edge research involving memory gaps and memory errors, including autobiographical memories, distinguishing true from false memories, memory conformity, and potential adaptive reasons for memory errors. Finally, we point to directions for the future research.
Cited by 3
Rupert Conrad · British Journal of Psychology · 1959
Problems of immediate memory have recently come under active consideration both by information theorists and by neurologists. The former have made use of quantitative facts, whilst the latter have based their views on some very general characteristics of forgetting. It is contended that the kind of changes that occur in short‐term forgetting cannot be ignored in any account of immediate memory. Accordingly the main types of immediate memory errors are outlined, and some fresh material relating to known errors is introduced. A discussion is developed which considers the value of information theory and current neurological theories, in accounting for these phenomena.
Cited by 79
I HYMANJR, Elizabeth F. Loftus · Clinical Psychology Review · 1998
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Pii S, Ira E. Hyman, Elizabeth F. Loftus · 2014
Memory is always constructive. People create the past based on the information that remains in memory, their general knowledge, and the social demands of the retrieval situa-tion. Thus, memories will often contain some small errors and occasionally some large errors. In this article, we describe several different types of memory errors and consider how these errors may
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Qiuli Ma, Jeffrey Starns · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) · 2017
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Jeffrey Starns, Qiuli Ma · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) · 2017
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Daniel L. Schacter, Alexis C. Carpenter, Aleea L. Devitt et al. · Oxford University Press eBooks · 2024
Abstract This chapter reviews research on memory errors conducted during the past two decades. It is organized around six major themes that have emerged from, or have been strengthened by, recent research: (a) Susceptibility to different kinds of memory distortions involves some common but largely distinct processes; (b) it is important to characterize subjective experiences associated with memory distortions; (c) sensory reactivation can distinguish between true and false memories under limited conditions; (d) memory specificity has multiple effects on memory distortion; (e) reactivation, recombination, and simulation processes can contribute to memory distortion; and (f) evidence is mounting in support of an adaptive perspective on memory distortion. It is argued that the study of memory errors has made significant advances during the past two decades and that these advances have contributed importantly to the understanding of memory as a fundamentally constructive process.
Cited by 2
Victor Eijkhout · Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics eBooks · 2026
Some of the hardest errors to track down are the so-called memory errors, also known as memory corruption. These are errors that only appear at runtime, and that are usually hard or impossible to detect by the compiler.
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Kelsi Broich, Felix Ishimwe, Sheldon P. Turner et al. · Abstracts with programs - Geological Society of America · 2018
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Deqing Chen, Alan Messer, Philippe Bernadat et al. · 2001
Modern computer systems are becoming more powerful and are using larger memories. However, except for very high end systems, little attention is being paid to high availability. This is particularly true for transient memory errors, which typically cause the entire system to fail. We believe that this situation can be improved by addressing memory errors at all levels of the system, bring commodity systems closer to mainframe-class availability.
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W.D. Swift · IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine · 1996
W ith the low cost of RAM, and the increasingly memory-hun gry operating-system and application software that we all seem to want, we are installing significantly more memory in our PCs. Those with significant experience with systems having large amounts of memory (hundreds of megabytes or more), such as high-end servers, understand that memory errors can be a significant issue. System-design approaches that may have been adequate in the days of yore, may prove disastrous as we till our machines with RAM.
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Erez Petrank · 2009
No abstract available.
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David Evans · ACM SIGPLAN Notices · 1996
Many important classes of bugs result from invalid assumptions about the results of functions and the values of parameters and global variables. Using traditional methods, these bugs cannot be detected efficiently at compile-time, since detailed cross-procedural analyses would be required to determine the relevant assumptions. In this work, we introduce annotations to make certain assumptions explicit at interface points. An efficient static checking tool that exploits these annotations can detect a broad class of errors including misuses of null pointers, uses of dead storage, memory leaks, and dangerous aliasing. This technique has been used successfully to fix memory management problems in a large program.
Cited by 23
Malen D. Moyano (9221029), Giulia Carbonari (12975541), Matías Bonilla (12975544) et al. · Figshare · 2022
<p>(A) Mean memory change of List 2 void type errors (number of void type errors at the first List 2 testing trial minus the number of void type errors at the last List 2 training trial) ± SEM. (B) Mean memory change of List 1 void type errors ± SEM.</p> <p>(TIF)</p>
Cited by 0Open access
David Evans · 1996
Many important classes of bugs result from invalid assumptions about the results of functions and the values of parameters and global variables. Using traditional methods, these bugs cannot be detected efficiently at compile-time, since detailed cross-procedural analyses would be required to determine the relevant assumptions. In this work, we introduce annotations to make certain assumptions explicit at interface points. An efficient static checking tool that exploits these annotations can detect a broad class of errors including misuses of null pointers, uses of dead storage, memory leaks, and dangerous aliasing. This technique has been used successfully to fix memory management problems in a large program.
Cited by 238Open access
Craig Thorley · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) · 2023
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Lynn Ossher, Kristin E. Flegal, Cindy Lustig · Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition · 2013
Despite concern about cognitive decline in old age, few studies document the types and frequency of memory errors older adults make in everyday life. In the present study, 105 healthy older adults completed the Everyday Memory Questionnaire (EMQ; Sunderland, Harris, & Baddeley, 1983 , Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 22, 341), indicating what memory errors they had experienced in the last 24 hours, the Memory Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (MSEQ; West, Thorn, & Bagwell, 2003 , Psychology and Aging, 18, 111), and other neuropsychological and cognitive tasks. EMQ and MSEQ scores were unrelated and made separate contributions to variance on the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE; Folstein, Folstein, & McHugh, 1975 , Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189), suggesting separate constructs. Tip-of-the-tongue errors were the most commonly reported, and the EMQ Faces/Places and New Things subscales were most strongly related to MMSE. These findings may help training programs target memory errors commonly experienced by older adults, and suggest which types of memory errors could indicate cognitive declines of clinical concern.
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Tammy J, Tammy J Forrest · 2002
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Daniel L. Schacter, Amy L. Wiseman · Oxford University Press eBooks · 2006
Abstract The concept of distinctiveness has an extensive history in memory research. Numerous studies have revealed that the memory of an event benefits from a variety of manipulations that increase distinctive processing during encoding of that event, including surprising items that are incongruent with the prevailing context and various types of encoding tasks that focus attention on the properties of an item that distinguish it from others. It is perhaps less widely appreciated that distinctiveness can benefit subsequent memory in a related but different manner: by helping to avoid memory errors, such as misremembering the details of prior experiences, or falsely remembering events that did not occur. This chapter reviews recent research concerned with understanding how distinctiveness can help to reduce memory errors — specifically those involved in false recognition, where people claim that they have previously seen or heard a novel item or event. It focuses in particular on recent studies that have provided evidence for a memory-monitoring mechanism termed distinctiveness heuristic.
Cited by 62
Kostyantyn Vorobyov, Nikolaï Kosmatov, Julien Signoles et al. · Lecture notes in computer science · 2017
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