Garcia Sakai, Victoria, Garcia Sakai, Victoria · Spiral (Imperial College London) · 2013
In this work, the validity of two thermodynamic models, the Sanchez-Lacombe equation of state [SL EoS] and the UNIFAC-free volume [UNIFAC-FV] activity coefficient model, in predicting the phase behaviour of polymer solutions, was analysed.For this, liquid-liquid and vapour-liquid equilibrium data were measured for polystyrene [PS] and poly(methyl methacrylate) [PMMA], in solution with a common solvent, cyclohexanol.A block and a random copolymer were also investigated in this solvent.Cloud-point curves [CPC] were measured by thermooptical analysis using a turbidimeter, which was constructed to measure, as a function of temperature and composition, changes in transmitted light intensity through the aforementioned solutions.Measurements were carried out in solutions containing up to -25% polymer by weight, in the temperature range 290-523K and at the solvent vapour pressure.Solvent activity coefficients were measured in the temperature range 383.15-493.15Kusing inverse gas chromatography.Data was collected at infinite dilution and at finite concentrations of solvent (up to -30% by weight), the latter using the elution on a plateau technique.Geymer (1959).The solid line is the prediction from the Flory-Huggins model.
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Victoria García Sakai · 2002
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L. A. Chekalova · 1979
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Jeffrey J. Prentis, Daniel R. Sisan · Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics · 2002
We have measured the spectrum of fluctuations in the size of a granular polymer in a granular solvent. The system consists of a linear chain of plastic spheres immersed in a planar fluid of self-propelled balls. The time average of the end-to-end length r of the chain scales with the number of links N according to <r(2)> approximately N2nu, with nu=0.75+/-0.01. This provides an experimental test of the theoretical value nu=3 / 4 of the critical exponent for a self-avoiding random walk in two dimensions. The measured probability distribution P(r) is compared with the universal function of the scaling theory.
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Tharwat F. Tadros · 2013
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Hermans, J. J. · 1978
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Jim Selser · 2015
Abstract This chapter deals with interactions between polymers in dilute solution. The chapter does not present a summary either of the results of an extensive search of the relevant literature to date or of a consideration of the behaviours of all possible kinds of polymers under all possible circumstances. Instead, it deals primarily with light scattering studies of interactions in binary systems between non-electrolytic polymer coils, carried out by the author and his coworkers. Two themes emphasized throughout this chapter are: (1) the benefits of using static light scattering (‘SLS’) and the dynamic light scattering technique of photon correlation spectroscopy (‘ DLS’) together to investigate polymer-polymer interactions in dilute solution (see Chapter 8 of ref. 6 and Chapter 13 of this volume), and (2) the interplay between intra-polymer and inter-polymer behaviour in dilute solution.
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Hiroshi Morita · 2016
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Kwang, William Kin. · eScholarship@McGill (McGill) · 1980
1Compatibilit~ studies were mde on pairs of polymers compo~ed of poly(vinyl chioride) mdxed with the foll~wing: pOly(caprolactone), poly(methylmethacrylate), an ethylenevinyl fcetate copolymer (El vax 150) and an ethylene-vinyl acetate-carbon monoxide terpolymer (Elvaloy 741).Films formed from these pairs were optically clear.The Flory-Huggins :x parame ter for interaction betwen the pai7='s was determined using a gas-chromatographie technique and in each .case was negative or extremely small , consistent with compatibility.Both polymers weie soluble at 25C in the following chlorinated sol vents: dichloromethane, chlorobenzene, 1,2 dichloroethane, and chloroform.However, phase separation\took place in the ternary system, the phase diagrarns showing a closed loop.Wi th increase of temperature, compatibility was res,tored in the ternary \ systEl~S.The gas-liquid chromatography technique was used to determine X p'arameters for polymer-solvent interaction ovar , the tempe rature range.The polymers have very different interaction parameters with these solvents, i.e.AX is large, , and with increase of T this differ~nce decreases.The Flory-Huggins theory successfully predicts phase separation in the ternaries when X is large, and it is suggested ~at this behav~our should be frequently encountered in solutions of compa tibIa polymers.
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M. Bixon · Annual Review of Physical Chemistry · 1976
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Jutharat Amornlertratanatada, Schwank, Johannes, Anuvat Sirivat · 2001
Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the most promising classes of conductive polymer due to its environmental stability. Emeraldine base, the nonconductive form of polyaniline, was synthesized by the chemically oxidative polymerization and used ammonium peroxydisulfate as an oxidant. Emeraldine base was converted to emeraldine salt (conductive form) by acid dopants. Thre different acid dopants: formic acid (HCOOH), nitric acid (HNO3), and CSA were used to study the effect of acid dopant type and acid/polymer doping mole ratio (NA/NEB) on specific conductivity of polyaniline pellet. HCOOH doped PANI pellet shows the highest specific conductivity at NA/NEB = 40 whereas that of CSA doped PANI reaches the highest value and attains the equilibrium value beyond NA/NEB = 40 In the case of HNO3 doped PANI, the specific conductivity tends to slightly increase with NA/NEB. The specific conductivity of doped PANI increase when exposed to 100% ethanol. The proposed mechanism is the ethanol molecules which serve as a carrier molecule. % Bipolaron and % Polaron which display the conduction behavior in polyaniline chain was also studied, it was found that CSA and HNO3 doped PANI have larger amount of %Bipolaron and %Polaron than HCOOH doped PANI. Moreover, the degree of protonation does not only depended on pKa value of acid dopants, but also the size of counter ion.
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HAO W., ELBRO H. S., ALESSI, PAOLO · ArTS Archivio della ricerca di Trieste (University of Trieste https://www.units.it/) · 1992
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G. ALLEGRA, GANAZZOLI, FABIO · Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha) · 1997
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A. Keller · Kolloid-Zeitschrift & Zeitschrift für Polymere · 1969
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E. E. Bibik, E. V. Sivtsov · Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University) · 2024
A fractal model of the structure of polymer macromolecules in solution is used to derive an analogue of Mark-Kuhn-Houwink-Sakurada empirical equation linking the intrinsic viscosity of the solution with the molecular mass of the polymer. It is shown that in addition to the molecular mass, the theoretically obtained equation – on the basis of the intrinsic viscosity – makes it possible to determine the size of Kuhn's rigid segment of the polymer and the fractal dimension of the polymer coils that characterize the structure of macromolecules in solution
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Shuichi Uchiyama · Sen i Gakkaishi · 1966
Filterability of dimethyl formamide solution (20 and 26wt. %) of acrylonitrile polymer was measured at 50°C. The KW value was taken as a measure of filterability and the effects of dissolving temperature and dissolving time on the KW value were studied. The KW value was calculated by means of the following equation:where V1 is the weight of filtrate for 10 min., V2 is the weight of filtrate for 20 min. after that, KW is the KW value.The results obtained are as follows:1) The solution dissolved at higher temperature and for longer time has smaller KW values and better filterability than that dissolved at lower temperature and for shorter time.2) No special correlation exists between solution viscosity and KW value.
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Jonas Hafner, Davide Disnan, Simone Benaglia et al. · Polymer · 2023
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Michael S. Kent, Matthew Tirrell, Timothy P. Lodge · Macromolecules · 1992
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolution properties of polymer mixturesMichael S. Kent, Matthew Tirrell, and Timothy P. LodgeCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 20, 5383–5397Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00046a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00046a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views364Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
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Jack C. Norman · Journal of Chemical Education · 1984
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA polymer-solution thermometer revisitedJack C. Norman Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 12, 1094Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1984Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 December 1984Published inissue 1 December 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/ed061p1094Request reuse permissionsArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (546 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
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Ronald P. Danner, Martin S. High · 1993
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