Anh Quan Pham · 2008
ABSTRACT: This paper looks at the problem of privilege delegation and revocation in distributed pervasive computing environments. In this paper, the relationship between the privilege delegation and revocation will be discussed as well as how to deploy them on distributed systems. There will be a signature based schemes to achieve privilege delegation with different trust assumptions. The scheme operates by using either public key or secret key based cryptography. Then the issues of revocation of delegations and proposal some schemes to achieve this. Finally, the transitivity of trust in related with privilege delegation and implicated trust assumptions will be briefly mentioned in the conclusion.
Cited by 0
Fred B · 2015
A ccess control mechanisms are intended to pro-tect programs and data from corruption, yet stillallow sharing of these resources. Their goal is tosupport a broad range of policies. But at least in recent commercial operating systems (OSs), we find sup-port only for such policies concerning operations imple-mented by the operating system itself; policies concerning operations or resources that applications implement are not supported. This made sense when operating system opera-tions were the sole means by which programs communi-cated and when operating systems were small (because po-sitioning the access control mechanism inside the operating system resulted in a small trusted computing base). It makes less sense now. Today’s applications are increasingly structured in terms of a base piece of software and a set of extensions that augment the base’s functionality and that do not use the operating system for communication. For example,
Cited by 0
Markus Lorch, Dennis Kafura · VTechWorks (Virginia Tech) · 2004
Computational grids and other heterogeneous, large-scale distributed systems require more powerful and more flexible authorization mechanisms to realize fine-grained access-control of resources. Computational grids are increasingly used for collaborative problem-solving and advanced science and engineering applications. Usage scenarios for advanced grids require support for small, dynamic working groups, direct delegation of access privileges among users, procedures for establishing trust relationships without requiring organizational level agreements, precise management by individuals of their privileges, and retention of authority by resource providers. Existing systems fail to provide the necessary flexibility and granularity to support these scenarios. The reasons include the overhead imposed by required administrator intervention, coarse granularity that only allows for all-or-nothing access control decisions, and the inability to implement finer-grained access control without requiring trusted application code. PRIMA, the model and system developed in this research, focuses on management and enforcement of fine-grained privileges. The PRIMA model introduces novel approaches that can be used in place of, or in combination with existing access control mechanisms. PRIMA enables
Cited by 1
Marc-André Laverdière, Ettore Merlo · 2017
Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) is commonly used in web applications to protect information and restrict operations. Code changes may affect the security of the application and need to be validated, in order to avoid security vulnerabilities, which is a major undertaking. A statement suffers from privilege protection loss in a release pair when it was definitely protected on all execution paths in the previous release and is now reachable by some execution paths with an inferior privilege protection. Because the code change and the resulting privilege protection loss may be distant (e.g. in different functions or files), developers may find it difficult to diagnose and correct the issue. We use Pattern Traversal Flow Analysis (PTFA) to statically analyze code-derived formal models. Our analysis automatically computes counter-examples of definite protection properties and privilege protection losses. We computed privilege protections and their changes for 147 release pairs of WordPress. We computed counter-examples for a total of 14,116 privilege protection losses we found spread in 31 release pairs.We present the distribution of counter-examples' lengths, as well as their spread across function and file boundaries. Our results show that counter-examples are typically short and localized. The median example spans 88 statements, crosses a single function boundary, and is contained in the same file. The 90 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> centile example measures 174 statements and spans 3 function boundaries over 3 files. We believe that the privilege protection counter-examples' characteristics would be helpful to focus developers' attention for security reviews. These counter-examples are also a first step toward explanations.
Cited by 5
Brookes, Scott
One particularly difficult challenge in the computer security landscape is preventing privilege escalation. This type of attack happens when an actor is granted access to some piece of hardware with limited permissions but manages to circumvent the security policies meant to contain them. Although a simple bug in the operating system, or even in user libraries, can be sufficient to enable this type of attack, such a vulnerability is also relatively easy to fix. Privilege escalation mechanisms represent a more challenging security risk because they are methods by which generic vulnerabilities (such as a buffer overflow) can be leveraged to escalate privilege. This thesis describes a collection of operating system hardening techniques designed to mitigate the risks of common privilege escalation mechanisms. This includes non-deterministic loading techniques to randomize code, leveraging the virtualization features of modern hardware to protect operating system code, and a novel operating system design paradigm. A proof-of-concept prototype was developed for each of these techniques using the Bear research microkernel. The code for all techniques described in this thesis is available at https://github.com/SCSLaboratory/BearOS. Each of the techniques described in this thesis is evaluated in terms of the additional security it offers alongside the performance cost of the technique. The security analysis of each technique attempts to describe (and quantify where possible) the types of privilege escalation mechanisms that the technique interrupts. Meanwhile, macro- and micro-benchmarks that are compatible with the Bear microkernel illustrate the practicality of each of these techniques for deployment on real-world systems. Synthesizing four different security mechanisms that each address unique types of privilege escalation threats, the thesis provides a glimpse of a hardened operating system. Contrary to the standard practice of “patching” the status quo in response to each new threat, it attempts to visualize a next-generation operating system design that brings together the best features of non-determinism, virtualization, and hard- ware resource utilization in order to present a more secure computing system that can still meet the ever-increasing performance requirements of modern computing applications.
Cited by 0
Derek G. Murray, Steven Hand · 2008
At the heart of a secure software system is a small, trustworthy component, called the Trusted Computing Base (TCB). However, developers persist in building monolithic systems that force their users to trust the entire system. We posit that this is due to the lack of a straightforward mechanism for partitioning -- or disaggregating -- systems into trusted and untrusted components. We propose to use the dynamic library as the unit of disaggregation, because it is a familiar abstraction, which is commonly used in mainstream software development.
Cited by 4
Sri Yash Tadimalla, Thom Kunkeler · 2024
This full paper presents an innovative board game, “Game of Life: Educational Pathways” developed as an engaging pedagogical tool to explore the theories of social reproduction, opportunity structures, and educational attainment through the concept of capital. Drawing inspiration from the traditional “Game of Life,” this adaptation provides a participatory learning experience that delves into the complexities of educational pathways, privilege, socioeconomic factors like capital, and their cumulative impact on life outcomes. The game challenges players to navigate through a series of life stages and decision points related to education, where their choices and the inherent randomness of dice rolls simulate the unpredictable nature of life's opportunities. By simulating the journey through different educational and life outcomes based on various forms of capital - Talent, Wealth, Goodwill, Legacy - the game offers a hands-on approach to understanding the complexities of opportunity and achievement in computing and engineering education. This interactive tool not only aids in grasping complex educational theories but also highlights the importance of personal effort, policy, and practice in overcoming barriers for educational participation. Ideal for educational settings, “Game of Life: Educational Pathways” prepares future computing and engineering professionals to navigate and contribute to a more equitable field.
Cited by 2
Jianyong Zhu, Xinyou Li, Bei Zhang et al. · 2008
This paper analyzes the shortage of existing privilege management model, proposes a new cross-domain privilege management model, improves the efficiency and veracity. This paper describes a mock application scene validating for the model. The model predigests the agents' interaction with environment, improves the efficiency of privilege management in pervasive computing.
Cited by 0
Ehab Zaghloul, Kai Zhou, Jian Ren · arXiv (Cornell University) · 2018
Cloud computing has changed the way enterprises store, access and share data. Data is constantly being uploaded to the cloud and shared within an organization built on a hierarchy of many different individuals that are given certain data access privileges. With more data storage needs turning over to the cloud, finding a secure and efficient data access structure has become a major research issue. With different access privileges, individuals with more privileges (at higher levels of the hierarchy) are granted access to more sensitive data than those with fewer privileges (at lower levels of the hierarchy). In this paper, a Privilege-based Multilevel Organizational Data-sharing scheme~(P-MOD) is proposed that incorporates a privilege-based access structure into an attribute-based encryption mechanism to handle these concerns. Each level of the privilege-based access structure is affiliated with an access policy that is uniquely defined by specific attributes. Data is then encrypted under each access policy at every level to grant access to specific data users based on their data access privileges. An individual ranked at a certain level can decrypt the ciphertext (at that specific level) if and only if that individual owns a correct set of attributes that can satisfy the access policy of that level. The user may also decrypt the ciphertexts at the lower levels with respect to the user's level. Security analysis shows that P-MOD is secure against adaptively chosen plaintext attack assuming the DBDH assumption holds.The comprehensive performance analysis demonstrates that P-MOD is more efficient in computational complexity and storage space than the existing schemes in secure data sharing within an organization.
Cited by 5Open access
Babak Sadighi · 2005
The Internet and the more recent technologies such as web services, grid computing, utility computing and peer-to-peer computing have created possibilities for very dynamic collaborations and business transactions where information and computational resources may be accessed and shared among autonomous and administratively independent organisations. In these types of collaborations, there is no single authority who can define access policies for all the shared resources. More sophisticated mechanisms are needed to enable flexible administration and enforcement of access policies. The challenge is to develop mechanisms that preserve a high level of control on the administration and the enforcement of policies, whilst supporting the required administrative flexibility.
We introduce two new frameworks to address this issue. In the first part of the thesis we develop a formal framework and an associated calculus for delegation of administrative authority, within and across organisational boundaries, with possibilities to define various restrictions on their propagation and revocation. The extended version of the framework allows reasoning with named groups of users, objects, and actions, and a specific subsumes relation between these groups. We also extend current discretionary access control models with the concept of ability, as a way of specifying when a user is able to perform an action even though not permitted to do so. This feature allows us to model detective access control (unauthorised accesses are logged for post-validation resulting in recovery and/or punitive actions) in addition to traditional preventative access control (providing mechanisms that guarantee no unauthorised access can take place). Detective access control is useful when prevention is either physically or economically impossible, or simply undesirable for one reason or another.
In the second part of the thesis, we develop a formal framework for contractualbased access control to shared resources among independent organisations. We introduce the notion of entitlement in the context of access control models as an access permission supported by an obligation agreed in a contract between the access requester and the resource provider. The framework allows us to represent the obligations in a contract in structured way and to reason about their fulfilments and violations.
Cited by 4
Deazley, Ronan, Kretschmer, Martin, Bently, Lionel et al. · Industrias Culturais (Universidade de Coimbra) · 2013
Daniel Chodowiecki’s allegorical copper plate of 1781 shows unauthorized reprinters and original publishers, respectively as highwaymen and their victims while the Goddess of Justice is asleep. The full title reads: ‘Works of Darkness. A Contribution to the History of the Book Trade in Germany. Presented Allegorically for the Benefit of and as a Warning to All Honest Booksellers.’ The identities of most of the characters have been identified: the bandit chief is the Austrian publisher Johann Thomas von Trattner (1717-1798) who made a fortune by reprinting books from other Germanspeaking territories. His victims are the publishers Friedrich Nicolai (in the centre), and Philipp Erasmus Reich (fleeing into the background). The small bat-like monster hovering overhead (a position normally reserved for angels in religious paintings!) is modelled on Gerhard van Swieten (1700-1772), an influential adviser and doctor of Maria Theresa of Austria who eased censorship regulations but encouraged the reprinting of foreign books in Austria. Nicolai’s right arm extends the bat monster’s line of gaze and points to the head of the Goddess Justitia, sleeping as if drugged by the poppy blossoms above her head. Apart from a scriptural-theological aspect (equating reprints with ‘works of darkness’) and a more juridical one (comparing reprinting to robbery), the title, by describing the etching as a ‘warning to all honest booksellers’, also evokes moral principles in civil society. The ‘honest’ bookseller is one who does not deal in reprints. Ironically, Christian Friedrich Himburg, the Berlin publisher of the copper print was himself to be branded a pirate for a 1777 two-volume Goethe edition which in turn was soon reprinted by two other publishers: in 1778 by Schmieder in Karlsruhe and by Fleischhauer in Reutlingen. Lionel Bently and Martin Kretschmer are joint project directors of the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) funded digital archive: Primary Sources on Copyright (1450-1900), www.copyrighthistory.org
Cited by 0Open access
Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens Kew)
Cited by 0
Huidong Qiao, Jiangchun Ren, Zhiying Wang et al. · Future Generation Computer Systems · 2018
Cited by 31
jfdxppvnes · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · 2024
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;privilege book pdf&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Rating: 4.3 / 5 (4804 votes)&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Downloads: 1250&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n &lt;p&gt;= = = = = \n&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://myvroom.fr/21Nr9y?keyword=privilege book pdf" target="_blank"&gt;CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;\n = = = = = &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Jeffrey R. Di Leo. Part of the book series: Palgrave Studies on Global Policy It helps penetration testers to set up persistence and facilitates lateral movement. Implicit in computing μPriv(Ext, ΣExt) is establishing that extension Ext satisfies Use of these online books as a part of digital content packages or software is also strictly prohibited. These were rationalised for the session and will continue in Privilege and Entitlement: Cross-currents of gender, race and money. He gently but firmly removes the blinders that keep us from seeing our own privileges and how those privileges harm others In "Privilege, Power, and Difference," Allan G. Johnson beckons us to confront the often invisible, yet pervasive structures that shape our society, inviting readers to unravel the complex of privilege and oppression that influences lifes opportunities and constraints White Privilege: Essential Readings on the Other Side of Racism: Paula S. Rothenberg: Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming: Internet Archive Abstract. In the years since, Biddle has devoted herself to understanding the origins, intentions, and privilege book เรียน ท านลูกค าเดอะพรีเมียร กสิกรไทย ธนาคารกสิกรไทยขอขอบพระคุณท านเป นอย างยิ งที่ได มอบความ Home Harvard University Press Here are two possible approaches. Micro-aggression: Daily verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities, slights or dismissals—intentional or unintentional—that communicate hostile, derogatory or negative prejudicial insults and denigrations toward any group privilege bookบริการเดอะวิสดอม โดยธนาคารกสิกรไทย ขอต อนรับท านสู "ที่สุดของ เอกสิทธิ์เหนือระดับ" ทั้งเรื่องการบริหารความมั่งPrivilege, Oppression, and Difference. Addeddate Identifier bergwhiteprivilege Identifier-ark ark://t16n16w4x Ocr ABBYY FineReader (Extended OCR) Ppi Scanner , · Download book PDF. Download book EPUB. The trouble is rooted in a legacy we all inherited, and while were here, it belongs to us In Privilege, Shamus Khan returns to his alma mater to provide an inside look at an institution that has been the private realm of the elite for the past years. In a essay that went viral, Pippa Biddle revealed the inequities and absurdities baked into voluntourism—the pairing of short-term, unskilled volunteer work with tourism. Catastrophe and Higher Education. Privilege is about more than being white, wealthy, and male, as Michael Kimmel, Abby Ferber, and a range of contributors make clear in this timely anthology Privilege, Power, and Difference is a groundbreaking tool for students and non-students alike to examine systems of privilege and difference in our society He shows that St. Paul's students continue to learn what they always have—how to embody privilege In Privilege, Power, and Difference, Allan Johnson teaches us how to think critically about inequality and oppression without getting mired in guilt or despair. The base system could fetch μPriv(Ext, ΣExt) from some site S. Approach (1) presumes that μPriv(Ext, ΣExt) can be computed—a questionable supposition. The base system could itself compute μPriv(Ext, ΣExt). This book is one of a kind, covering a range of privilege escalation techniques and tools for both Ours to Explore: Privilege, Power, and the Paradox of Voluntourism. The trouble that surrounds difference is really about privilege and power-theexistence ofprivilege and the lopsided distribution of power that keeps it going. No site or online service is permitted to host these online textbooksThe present textbooks uploaded in pdf form are rationalised textbooks.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
Cited by 0Open access
Priedhorsky, Reid, Canon, R. Shane, Randles, Timothy et al. · arXiv (Cornell University) · 2021
HPC centers face increasing demand for software flexibility, and there is growing consensus that Linux containers are a promising solution. However, existing container build solutions require root privileges and cannot be used directly on HPC resources. This limitation is compounded as supercomputer diversity expands and HPC architectures become more dissimilar from commodity computing resources. Our analysis suggests this problem can best be solved with low-privilege containers. We detail relevant Linux kernel features, propose a new taxonomy of container privilege, and compare two open-source implementations: mostly-unprivileged rootless Podman and fully-unprivileged Charliecloud. We demonstrate that low-privilege container build on HPC resources works now and will continue to improve, giving normal users a better workflow to securely and correctly build containers. Minimizing privilege in this way can improve HPC user and developer productivity as well as reduce support workload for exascale applications.
Cited by 0Open access
K. Maly, Ajay Gupta, B. Kvande et al. · 2002
Modern research projects may involve dozens of geographically distributed collaborators who access distributed information, applications workstations and devices. We are developing an architecture and methods for distributed, decentralized privilege management and enforcement with regard to access to distributed mass storage data and information via the Internet. Our approach does not require modification of the supporting operating system yet provides a more flexible and finer grained privilege system. We use X-windows and World Wide Web based interfaces in secure environments which support authentication and authorization. Toward this end, we have established secure distributed computing environment (DCE) networks at two sites and implemented selected features of the system. In this paper we report the design and implementation details of the project and summarize the issues that need to be resolved in future. The initial work is part of a larger Distributed Informatics Computing and Collaborative Environments (DICCE) project associated with the US Department of Energy's Energy Science Network (ESnet). The particular project is a joint effort between the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF), the Chinese Institute of High Energy Physics, and Old Dominion University.
Cited by 6
John V. Samuel, Christopher S. Peebles, Dean For Information · 2008
Rapid changes in the IT field have placed a burden on educational institutions, which must decide how best to provide computing support for instruction and research. Institutions must determine the ideal balance of IT support with other educational needs in the academic community. Access to information technology is no longer a privilege held by a select few groups; instead, it has become a necessity in the academic environment. Since the late 1980&apos;s, computing support strategies at Indiana University have changed drastically to accommodate the changes in users &apos; needs. In order to keep up with these changes, the University solicits input directly from users, allowing it to apply its scant and valuable computing support resources to where they are most needed. The annual IT survey conducted by the information technology organization has proven an invaluable tool in helping the University maintain one of the best academic computing support environments in the nation. Giving the end users an opportunity to provide input on what changes are needed in the University&apos;s IT environment has played a key role in the success of the support mechanisms. In addition, responses to the survey give an accurate picture of current needs and allow better projection of future needs of users. This allows the University to better serve its academic computing community without over-allocating resources that would be more useful elsewhere in the academic environment.
Cited by 0
Tobias Rauter, Andrea Höller, Nermin Kajtazović et al. · 2015
Remote attestation is used to assure the integrity of a trusted platform (prover) to a remote party (challenger). Traditionally, plain binary attestation (i.e., attesting the integrity of software by measuring their binaries) is the method of choice. Especially in the resource-constrained embedded domain with the ever-growing number of integrated services per platform, this approach is not feasible since the challenger has to know all possible 'good' configurations of the prover. In this work, a new approach based on software privileges is presented. It reduces the number of possible configurations the challenger has to know by ignoring all services on the prover that are not used by the challenger. For the ignored services, the challenger ensures that they do not have the privileges to manipulate the used services. To achieve this, the prover measures the privileges of its software modules by parsing their binaries for particular system API calls. The results show significant reduction of need-to-know configurations. The implementation of the central system parts show its practicability, especially if combined with a fine-grained system API.
Cited by 14
Ira Ray Jenkins, Sergey Bratus, Sean W. Smith et al. · 2018
The principle of least privilege requires that components of a program have access to only those resources necessary for their proper function. Defining proper function is a difficult task. Existing methods of privilege separation, like Control Flow Integrity and Software Fault Isolation, attempt to infer proper function by bridging the gaps between language abstractions and hardware capabilities. However, it is programmer intent that defines proper function, as the programmer writes the code that becomes law. Codifying programmer intent into policy is a promising way to capture proper function; however, often onerous policy creation can unnecessarily delay development and adoption.
Cited by 4
Zagel, James · Minnesota law review · 1966
Cited by 2Open access