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About 10,000 papers for “Processing delay”

Characterizing network processing delay

R. Ramaswamy, Ning Weng, Tilman Wolf · 2005

Computer networks have progressed from a simple store-and-forward medium to a complex communication infrastructure. Routers in the network need to implement a variety of functions ranging from simple packet classification for forwarding and firewalling to complex payload modifications for encryption and content adaptation. As these functions increase in number and complexity, more processing time is required, and packets experience a significant processing delay. In most network simulations, this delay has not been addressed because it was considered negligible. However, we show that this network processing delay can reach the magnitude of long-distance propagation delay and thus becomes a significant contributor to the overall packet delay. We evaluate different network applications and develop a model that characterizes packet processing cost with only a few parameters that can easily be derived from our simulations. To validate our simulation and our model, we compare them to actual network measurements. The contributions of this work can be used to increase the accuracy of network simulations and improve network performance estimations.

Cited by 87

Delay/Doppler altimeter data processing

Davide D’Aria, Pietro Guccione, Betlem Rosich et al. · 2007

The ESA Cryosat-2 mission will mount a de- lay/Doppler radar altimeter (DDA), named SIRAL, for the study of the trends in Earth's continental and marine ice fields. A DDA has many advantages over a conventional altimeter, retrieving a better resolution in the along track direction as a result of coherent processing of the backscattering energy. This permits the extension of applications to ice sheet monitoring as well as coastal studies, maintaining necessary precision for the open ocean. Operational SIRAL data processing for the Cryosat-2 mission is based on the precise wavenumber domain approach, following the strategy developed and verified for the Cryosat-1 mission [1]. A novel way of processing, supported by the chirp zeta transform (CZT) is here presented. Basically the CZT allows the Doppler beam formation to be directed toward the output surface samples in a single stage, increasing the computational efficiency of the processing at the expense of a slightly lower accuracy. The more precise wavenumber domain approach can be used to validate the method. The SIRAL sensor parameters and simulated scenarios will be taken as models to derive experimental results.

Cited by 2

Low-Delay Signal Processing for

Ashutosh Pandey, V.J. Mathews · 2011

Digital signal processing in modern hearing aids is typically performed in a subband or transform domain that introduces analysis-synthesis delays in the forward path. Long forward-path delays are not desirable because the processed sound combines with the unprocessed sound that arrives at the cochlea through the vent and changes the sound quality. Nonethe- less, subband domain processing for digital hearing aids is the most popular choice for hearing aids because of the associated computational simplicity. In this paper, we present an alternative digital hearing aid structure with low-delay characteristics. The central idea in the paper is a low-delay spectral gain shaping method (SGSM) that employs parallel parametric equalization (EQ) filters. The low-delay SGSM provides frequency-dependent amplification for hearing loss compensation with low forward path delays and performs dynamic signal processing such as noise suppression and dynamic range compression. Parameters of the parametric EQ filters and associated gain values are selected using a least-squares approach to obtain the desired spectral response. The low-delay structure also employs an off-the-forward-path, frequency domain adaptive filter to perform acoustic feedback cancellation. Extensive MATLAB simulations and subjective evaluations of the results indicate that the method of this paper is competent with a state-of-the-art digital hearing aid system, but exhibits much smaller forward-path delays. Index Terms—Adaptive filters, hearing aids, low-delay.

Cited by 0

Microwave photonic delay line signal processing

John F. Diehl, Joseph M. Singley, Christopher E. Sunderman et al. · Applied Optics · 2015

This paper provides a path for the design of state-of-the-art fiber-optic delay lines for signal processing. The theoretical forms for various radio-frequency system performance metrics are derived for four modulation types: X- and Z-cut Mach-Zehnder modulators, a phase modulator with asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and a polarization modulator with control waveplate and polarizing beam splitter. Each modulation type is considered to cover the current and future needs for ideal system designs. System gain, compression point, and third-order output intercept point are derived from the transfer matrices for each modulation type. A discussion of optical amplifier placement and fiber-effect mitigation is offered. The paper concludes by detailing two high-performance delay lines, built for unique applications, that exhibit performance levels an order of magnitude better than commercial delay lines. This paper should serve as a guide to maximizing the performance of future systems and offer a look into current and future research being done to further improve photonics technologies.

Cited by 27

Delay in Worker's Compensation Claim Processing:

Victoria Buchan · Employee Assistance Quarterly · 1990

A majority of American workers could, by on-the-job injury/disease, become dependent upon the social insurance program Worker's Compensation. This research documents the sometimes devastating lifestyle effects for the worker and family of delay in claim processing and offers insight into the system that may help EAP staff seeking to make it more responsive to clients.

Cited by 1

Natural Language Processing and Delay Discounting

Md Allama Ikbal Sijan, Bixter, Michael T. · Open Science Framework · 2025

Many important life decisions involve a tradeoff between a smaller, immediate reward or a larger, delayed reward. The ability or inability to delay gratification is a decision-making construct that has been linked to many consequential behavioral outcomes (e.g., addiction, saving for retirement, health and exercise behaviors, etc.). An open question remains about how best to measure delay of gratification in adults. Traditional measures include choice-based tasks (e.g., providing participants hypothetical choices between an immediate reward or a future reward) or self-report tasks (e.g., Likert-type items). Both have their benefits, but they also have issues with validity and reliability. Recent advancements in machine learning methods include an improved ability to extract meaning from open-ended text responses (e.g., natural language processing). Because individuals often find it more natural to express themselves through language instead of artificial choice tasks or self-report response scales, these advancements in text processing hold promise for the improved accuracy in measuring psychological constructs of interest. In this study, participants will first be prompted to write a small amount of information (e.g., minimum 50 words) that describes their ease of difficulty with delaying gratification. Participants will then complete some traditional measures of delayed gratification (e.g., a monetary choice task, a self-report measure). We will then be able to see if a natural language processing of the open-ended text responses can be cross-validated with the traditional measures of delayed gratification. The survey also includes some brief measures of associated constructs (e.g., impulsivity, self-control, alcohol use and abuse, academic procrastination). A second research aim is if the natural language processing of the open-ended text responses can predict standings on these associated constructs of interest.

Cited by 0Open access

Fiber-optic delay lines for signal processing

K.P. Jackson, H. J. Shaw · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · 1985

Optical fiber is an attractive delay medium for high-speed signal processing1 due to its extremely low loss and large modulation bandwidth. For single-mode fibers loss as low as 0.2 dB/km and modulation bandwidths exceeding 100 GHz km are available. Single-mode fiber delay lines can be used to provide both time- and frequency-domain signal processing functions. Signals to be processed are modulated onto optical carriers, and the processed output signals are obtained by detection after the optical signals traverse the fiber circuitry.

Cited by 1

Processing or Pragmatics? Explaining the Coreference Delay

Tanya Reinhart · The MIT Press eBooks · 2011

In 1990, Y.-C. Chien and Kenneth Wexler (1990) proposed that acquisition delays in children occur with coreference rather than the binding theory in general, in agreement with the notion that variable binding and coreference are governed by different types of linguistic conditions. A 1983 study suggested that the condition on coreference belongs to pragmatics and involves an inference based on knowledge of grammar, meaning, and appropriateness to context. This chapter explores the nature of coreference in human language and the role of processing in language acquisition by using data from a research program that focuses on adult acceptability judgments on possible sentences as well as child language acquisition. It considers intrasentential pronominal anaphora and comments on Rosalind Thornton and Kenneth Wexler’s arguments against the processing account, especially with regards condition C. It also discusses the pragmatic and the processing accounts of delay in the acquisition of coreference in the context of learnability and chance performance.

Cited by 25

Applications of Delay Lines in Correlation Processing

C. W. Hoover · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · 1961

Correlation-processing techniques for recovering information from a signal contaminated by noise are being used very fruitfully today in fields ranging from radar to medicine. Processing of this type allows us to make use of a priori information which we may have, or of the results of repeated observations. Our ability to use a priori information or repeated experiments is in general limited only by the number of degrees of freedom or the time-bandwidth product of the correlator. This paper discusses: (1) the general principle involved in correlation processing, (2) a variety of correlators which are based upon delay lines and (3) two interesting applications, one in medicine and one in radar. In conclusion, a chart is shown which summarizes in a time-band width plane plot, the characteristics of most of the delay-line correlators known to the writer. This diagram shows regions where improvements in the technology will be of immediate profit in information processing applications.

Cited by 1Open access

Impact of hearing aid processing delay on temporal and spectral auditory processing

Süleyman Küçük, Ümit Can Çetinkaya · Figshare · 2026

Digital hearing aid processing introduces delay. While traditional literature suggests a 10-ms threshold, evidence indicates that even shorter delays may degrade sound quality. This study examined the impact of Ultra-Low Delay (ULD; 0.5 ms) versus Standard Delay (SD; 2.7 ms) on temporal and spectral auditory processing abilities in hearing aid users. Twenty experienced hearing aid users (aged 41–75 years) with bilateral, symmetrical, mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss participated. Auditory performance was assessed under the ULD and SD conditions using the Frequency Pattern Test, Duration Pattern Test, Random Gap Detection Test, and Spectral-Temporally Modulated Ripple Test. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences between the two processing delay conditions across all evaluated tests (<i>p</i> &lt; .01). Participants demonstrated statistically superior temporal and spectral processing performance under the ULD condition compared to the SD condition. The findings demonstrate that the ULD condition significantly improves central auditory temporal and spectral processing abilities compared to the SD condition. These results challenge the traditional view that delays under 10 ms are negligible and highlight the clinical importance of ultra-low delay technology for preserving auditory resolution in individuals with hearing loss.

Cited by 0Open access

Impact of hearing aid processing delay on temporal and spectral auditory processing

Süleyman Küçük, Ümit Can Çetinkaya · Figshare · 2026

Digital hearing aid processing introduces delay. While traditional literature suggests a 10-ms threshold, evidence indicates that even shorter delays may degrade sound quality. This study examined the impact of Ultra-Low Delay (ULD; 0.5 ms) versus Standard Delay (SD; 2.7 ms) on temporal and spectral auditory processing abilities in hearing aid users. Twenty experienced hearing aid users (aged 41–75 years) with bilateral, symmetrical, mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss participated. Auditory performance was assessed under the ULD and SD conditions using the Frequency Pattern Test, Duration Pattern Test, Random Gap Detection Test, and Spectral-Temporally Modulated Ripple Test. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences between the two processing delay conditions across all evaluated tests (<i>p</i> &lt; .01). Participants demonstrated statistically superior temporal and spectral processing performance under the ULD condition compared to the SD condition. The findings demonstrate that the ULD condition significantly improves central auditory temporal and spectral processing abilities compared to the SD condition. These results challenge the traditional view that delays under 10 ms are negligible and highlight the clinical importance of ultra-low delay technology for preserving auditory resolution in individuals with hearing loss.

Cited by 0Open access

Impact of hearing aid processing delay on temporal and spectral auditory processing

Süleyman Küçük, Ümit Can Çetinkaya · International Journal of Audiology · 2026

The findings demonstrate that the ULD condition significantly improves central auditory temporal and spectral processing abilities compared to the SD condition. These results challenge the traditional view that delays under 10 ms are negligible and highlight the clinical importance of ultra-low delay technology for preserving auditory resolution in individuals with hearing loss.

Cited by 0