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About 10,000 papers for “Short-term memory”

Short-term memory

Benjamin N. Gantner, Harinder Singh · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics

Chemical modification of histone proteins can affect the expression of their associated genes. Some immune cells seem to exploit this process to avoid excessive inflammation while fighting invading pathogens.

Cited by 0

Short-term memory

Edmund T. Rolls · Oxford University Press eBooks · 2007

Abstract This chapter explains cortical short-term memory systems and attractor networks. It details prefrontal cortex short-term memory networks and their relation to perceptual networks.

Cited by 0

Short-Term Memory

Bennet B. Murdock · ˜The œPsychology of learning and motivation/˜The œpsychology of learning and motivation · 1972

Cited by 68

Short term memory

Thomson, Neil · Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) · 1979

The eight experiments reported in this thesis are designed to investigate the idea that in verbal short-term memory (STM) material decays over time and this decay is prevented by rehearsal. It follows that the capacity of STM when measured in words should be inversely proportional to the time taken to rehearse the words. Consequently, subjects should be able to recall more short duration words than long duration words. In contrast to this hypothesis is the idea that the capacity of STM is a fixed number of chunks, where chunks are a structural characteristic of the material.
\nThe first four experiments are designed so that these alternative hypotheses produce conflicting predictions and, in all cases, the hypotheses derived from decay theory are supported. It is shown that serial recall performance is very well predicted by the time taken to say the words and that the relationship between word duration and recall is of the type predicted by decay theory.
\nThe second set of experiments are based on the assumption that both STM and long-term memory (LTM) contribute to performance in serial recall tasks. The purpose of the experiments is to determine whether it is the STM or LTM component that is sensitive to word duration. It is predicted, in line with a decay theory of forgetting in STM, that the STM component is sensitive to word duration. The experiments are designed to produce sizable contributions from both stores in order to test this hypothesis. The results support the hypothesis in showing that variables known to affect STM, such as acoustic similarity, interact with word duration, while variables known to affect LTM, such as repeated presentations of the same list, show no
\nsuch interaction.
\nThe results are interpreted in terms of decay theory and the different versions of this theory that have been proposed are considered. It is concluded that while no version of the theory is completely adequate, there is no evidence that invalidates the central assumptions, viz. that in STM items are forgotten by decay and that one of the functions of rehearsal is to prevent this decay.

Cited by 0Open access

Short-term memory

Alan Baddeley · Memory · 2025

You are a schoolteacher whose young pupils have been doing an arithmetic exercise. You tell them, “Stop. Now put away your exercise books, hand in your pencils and then sit down as I am going to read you a story.” Most readily obey, but one or two look puzzled. Why? This is because even this apparently simple instruction requires the child to process and then remember the sequence of actions, and some forget. They have difficulty in holding information long enough because they have a particular problem with short-term memory, the system required for retaining small amounts of information over brief delays. In 1887, John Jacobs, a schoolmaster in London, wanted to assess the abilities of his students. He devised an apparently simple test in which the student heard a sequence of digits, like a telephone number, and repeated them back. The measure used was digit span, the longest sequence that could be repeated back without error (Jacobs, 1887). Digit span is still included in the most widely used intelligence test, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). In this basic version, span does not correlate very highly with general intelligence but, as we will see, a somewhat more complex version, working memory span, does an excellent job of predicting a wide range of cognitive skills, including performance on the reasoning tasks often used to assess intelligence.

Cited by 0

Auditory Short-Term Memory Behaves Like Visual Short-Term Memory

Kristina Visscher, Elina Kaplan, Michael J. Kahana et al. · PLoS Biology · 2007

Are the information processing steps that support short-term sensory memory common to all the senses? Systematic, psychophysical comparison requires identical experimental paradigms and comparable stimuli, which can be challenging to obtain across modalities. Participants performed a recognition memory task with auditory and visual stimuli that were comparable in complexity and in their neural representations at early stages of cortical processing. The visual stimuli were static and moving Gaussian-windowed, oriented, sinusoidal gratings (Gabor patches); the auditory stimuli were broadband sounds whose frequency content varied sinusoidally over time (moving ripples). Parallel effects on recognition memory were seen for number of items to be remembered, retention interval, and serial position. Further, regardless of modality, predicting an item's recognizability requires taking account of (1) the probe's similarity to the remembered list items (summed similarity), and (2) the similarity between the items in memory (inter-item homogeneity). A model incorporating both these factors gives a good fit to recognition memory data for auditory as well as visual stimuli. In addition, we present the first demonstration of the orthogonality of summed similarity and inter-item homogeneity effects. These data imply that auditory and visual representations undergo very similar transformations while they are encoded and retrieved from memory.

Cited by 110Open access