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About 899 papers for “Stateless protocol”

Towards a Stateless Reverse Traceroute Protocol

Valentin Heinrich, Rolf Winter · 2024

Given the internet's size, complexity and importance, one would assume that it comes with a number of trou-bleshooting tools to detect and pinpoint operational problems. And indeed network operators can rely on a number of such tools to analyze, troubleshoot and operate their own networks. When it comes to tools or protocols that work across the public internet, there are very few options available. Most commonly ping and traceroute are being used, where ping can only confirm basic reachability and traceroute can at least illuminate certain properties of the forward path between two end systems. In this paper, we present a stateless reverse traceroute protocol to trigger traceroute measurements on remote hosts in order to obtain information about the reverse path that today's tracer-oute is unable to measure. It is designed as an ICMP-based troubleshooting utility intended for the public internet. As such, its design goals include to be widely usable on today's internet, expressive enough to help avoid common traceroute anomalies and to be generally safe to use.

Cited by 1

Stateless Session Resumption for the IKE Protocol

Y. Sheffer · 2007

The Internet Key Exchange version 2 (IKEv2) protocol is computationally intensive with respect to the number of round-trips required and cryptographic operations involved. In particular the Extensible Authentication Protocol is used for authentication, which adds additional computational intensity. To re-establish security associations (SA) upon a failure recovery condition is time comsuming, especially when an IPsec peer, such as a VPN gateway, needs to re- establish a large number of SAs with various end points. A high number of concurrent sessions might cause additional problems for an IPsec peer during SA restablishment. In many failure cases it would be useful to provide an efficient way to resume an interrupted IKE/IPsec session. This document proposes an extension to IKEv2 that allows a client to re-establish an IKE SA with a gateway in a highly efficient manner, utilizing a previously establied IKE SA. A client can reconnect to a gateway from which it was disconnected, or alternatively migrate to another gateway that is associated with the previous one. The proposed approach conveys IKEv2 state information, in the form of an encrypted ticket, to a VPN client that is later presented to the VPN gateway for re-authentication. An encrypted ticket cannot be decrypted by a VPN client but allows a VPN gateway to restore state for faster session state setup.

Cited by 0

Path Diversity in Stateless Multicast Protocol for Adhoc Networks

K. Karuppasamy, L. Daisy Catherine, K. S Prabhu · 2013

In this paper we have developed a Stateless receiver based multicast protocol that uses a list of multicast members 'addresses embedded in packet headers so that individual nodes do not have to maintain state information hence enabling receivers to decide the most efficient way to forward the multicast traffic. Multicast routing protocols depend on a priori creation where the state information is maintained by the individual nodes in the network. The maintenance of state information adds a lot of memory overhead and adds a large amount of communication between the nodes in dynamic networks with bursty traffic. The Receiver-Based Multicast uses the geographic locations of the nodes so that the need for costly state maintenance is removed and making it suitable for dynamic networks. A path diversity scheme is implemented for the networks where there two channels between two nodes and when the first channel process is a failure channel one will send information to channel two and hence data transmission will occur through channel two and hence the overall delay is reduced.

Cited by 0

Depth-Wise Multi-Protocol Stateless Switching of Multicast Traffic

Fernández Del Carpio, Gonzalo, Larrabeiti, David · Qolqa Institutional Repository (Universidad Católica San Pablo) · 2019

In order to reduce the state due to multicast forwarding in packet switched networks a number of proposals have been studied in the literature. One recently studied approach is MPSS (Multi-Protocol Stateless Switching), in which the path (unicast) or the tree (multicast) is encoded as a Bloom filter carried by a packet header. This sort of source-routed forwarding method makes it possible to eliminate the forwarding state in network nodes. Our proposal looks into improving MPSS and at the same time solving the forwarding anomalies observed in multicast Bloom filter-based approaches. We propose to encode the multicast tree into a stack of variable-length Bloom filters representing the set of output interfaces at a given tree depth, instead of a single filter for the whole tree. We prove that our approach is more efficient than MPSS on multicast, especially in large networks, and that it reduces and binds the scope of forwarding anomalies derived from false positives: packet storms, forwarding loops and flow duplication. Furthermore, packet processing is simpler and the average header overhead is reduced. © 2003-2012 IEEE.

Cited by 0

Depth-wise multi-protocol stateless switching of multicast traffic

Gonzalo M. Fernandez, David Larrabeiti · 2012

In order to reduce the state due to multicast forwarding in packet switched networks a number of proposals have been studied in the literature. One recently studied approach is MPSS (Multi-Protocol Stateless Switching), in which the path (unicast) or the tree (multicast) is encoded as a Bloom filter carried by a packet header. This sort of source-routed forwarding method makes it possible to eliminate the forwarding state in network nodes. Our proposal looks into improving MPSS and at the same time solving the forwarding anomalies observed in multicast Bloom filter-based approaches. We propose to encode the multicast tree into a stack of variable-length Bloom filters representing the set of output interfaces at a given tree depth, instead of a single filter for the whole tree. We prove that our approach is more efficient than MPSS on multicast, especially in large networks, and that it reduces and binds the scope of forwarding anomalies derived from false positives: packet storms, forwarding loops and flow duplication. Furthermore, packet processing is simpler and the average header overhead is reduced.

Cited by 2

DT-GPSR: Delay Tolerant-Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing Protocol

Jae-Choong Nam, You-Ze Cho · The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences · 2016

실제 이동 통신 환경은 불균일한 단말 분포와 이동성으로 인하여 링크 단절이 일어나는 경우가 빈번하다. 이러한 네트워크 환경에서 경로 수립 기반의 MANET 라우팅 프로토콜은 잦은 전송 실패를 야기하여 메시지 전달률을 감소시키고, 경로 재수립을 위한 제어 메시지를 많이 발생시켜 네트워크 효율성을 크게 저하시킨다. 반면 GPSR과 같은 위치 정보 기반 MANET 라우팅 프로토콜은 종단 간 경로 수립 절차 없이 hop-by-hop 라우팅을 수행하여 제어 메시지 발생을 최소화하지만, 중계 노드의 결손으로 인해 보이드(void)가 발생 할 경우 데이터 전달 실패 등 다양한 문제를 유발한다. 본 논문에서는 보이드로 인해 발생되는 라우팅 문제점들을 개선하기 위하여, GPSR 프로토콜에 확률 기반 Delay Tolerant Networking 기술이 결합된 DT-GPSR 프로토콜을 제안한다. NS-2 시뮬레이션을 통해 기존 GPSR 프로토콜 및 PRoPHET 프로토콜과의 성능을 비교하였으며, 제안 방안이 다양한 망의 변화에 대응하여 우수한 성능을 보임을 확인하였다. Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) experience frequent link disconnections due to non-uniform node distribution and mobility. Thus, end-to-end path establishment-based routing protocols cause frequent transmission failures in MANETs, resulting in heavy control messages for path reestablishment. While location-based MANET routing protocols, such as Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR), use location information to forward messages in a hop-by-hop routing fashion without an end-to-end path establishment procedure, such protocols encounter communication void problems when message forwarding to the next hop fails due to the absence of a relay node. Therefore, to solve this problem, this paper proposes a Delay Tolerant-GPSR (DT-GPSR) protocol, which combines Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) technology with the GPSR protocol. The performance of DT-GPSR is compared with the performances of the original GPSR and PRoPHET routing protocols through simulation using NS-2. The simulation results confirm that DT-GPSR outperforms GPSR and PRoPHET in terms of the message delivery ratio and message delivery delay.

Cited by 1Open access

A Stateless Orchestrated Handover Protocol for Multi-Access Edge Computing

Alkaabi, Shaima, Gregory, Mark, Li, Shuo · Figshare · 2025

In Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) environments, session continuity during user mobility remains a pressing challenge due to decentralized infrastructure and high-throughput, latency-sensitive applications. Existing mobility protocols often rely on stateful mechanisms or centralized control, leading to increased signaling overhead, limited scalability, and vulnerability to performance degradation in dynamic networks.This paper introduces the Server Search and Select Algorithm Protocol (SSSAP), a lightweight, UDP-based handover protocol tailored for MEC deployments. The protocol is an extension of our previous work on a handover Server Search and Selection Algorithm (SSSA). SSSAP enables seamless session redirection through a three-phase signaling scheme (pre-handover, handover initiation, and handover termination), preserving service continuity without coupling session state to transport layers. The protocol's design features extensible headers for multi-metric evaluation and future security adaptation while maintaining minimal dependency on intermediary control nodes. Through extensive simulation and testing, we have validated the SSSAP efficiency across user equipment nodes and MEC servers. Results demonstrate high handover success rates, low-session setup delays, and balanced server load distribution. SSSAP achieves superior performance in mobility robustness, packet loss mitigation, and integration simplicity. The research outcomes position SSSAP as a scalable and application-agnostic mobility protocol for MEC systems, especially in vehicular and high-mobility scenarios.

Cited by 0Open access

Making a Stateless LLM Project-Aware: A Lightweight Orchestration Protocol

Taha · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · 2025

Large Language Models (LLMs) are typically used as stateless services, which makes it difficult to apply them in long-running software engineering workflows that require memory, iteration, and validation. This paper presents a lightweight orchestration protocol that enables “project-aware” use of stateless LLMs. The approach separates control from generation by using an external orchestrator, control files, and deterministic prompt contracts. We evaluate the method in the development of a modular Python system, validating it through unit tests, static analysis, and CI integration. The results show that prompt-driven workflows can remain reliable without internal model state and suggest a path toward scalable, test-driven use of LLMs in software engineering.

Cited by 0Open access

An Enhancement of Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing Protocol in VANET

Meriem Houmer, Moulay Lahcen Hasnaoui · Procedia Computer Science · 2019

The technological development in the world has increased rapidly and touched various areas, especially communication technology, which evolves with the evolution of wireless technology. This technology has invaded several areas, including the transport sector which has benefited from a new technology allowing the communication between vehicles through a specific network called Vehicular Ad-Hoc NETwork (VANET). Hence, the purpose of this network is to maintain road safety and traffic efficiency as well as ensure driving assistance and internet services to vehicles. This objective is ensured through many sensors and a system of geolocation that allows the measurement of speed and distance between vehicles and also microcontrollers or even microprocessors. As a matter of fact, they are capable of processing the information from the sensors and thus allowing the vehicle to react to unexpected events. Despite this development, routing in VANETs has left mysterious points for researchers because of the high mobility of vehicles, which causes frequent changes in the topology. In this paper, we propose an enhanced version of GPSR that minimized transfer delays and control messages. We compare our proposal version to traditional GPSR using the network simulator (NS2).

Cited by 9Open access

A Stateless Orchestrated Handover Protocol for Multi-Access Edge Computing

Alkaabi, Shaima, Gregory, Mark, Li, Shuo · Figshare · 2025

In Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) environments, session continuity during user mobility remains a pressing challenge due to decentralized infrastructure and high-throughput, latency-sensitive applications. Existing mobility protocols often rely on stateful mechanisms or centralized control, leading to increased signaling overhead, limited scalability, and vulnerability to performance degradation in dynamic networks.This paper introduces the Server Search and Select Algorithm Protocol (SSSAP), a lightweight, UDP-based handover protocol tailored for MEC deployments. The protocol is an extension of our previous work on a handover Server Search and Selection Algorithm (SSSA). SSSAP enables seamless session redirection through a three-phase signaling scheme (pre-handover, handover initiation, and handover termination), preserving service continuity without coupling session state to transport layers. The protocol's design features extensible headers for multi-metric evaluation and future security adaptation while maintaining minimal dependency on intermediary control nodes. Through extensive simulation and testing, we have validated the SSSAP efficiency across user equipment nodes and MEC servers. Results demonstrate high handover success rates, low-session setup delays, and balanced server load distribution. SSSAP achieves superior performance in mobility robustness, packet loss mitigation, and integration simplicity. The research outcomes position SSSAP as a scalable and application-agnostic mobility protocol for MEC systems, especially in vehicular and high-mobility scenarios.

Cited by 0Open access

A Protocol for Inducing Emotional Consistency in Stateless AI Systems

Kim, Jace · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · 2025

Abstract This paper presents Symbolic Persona Coding (SPC), a language-level protocol for inducing consistent emotional tone and behavioral identity in stateless large language models (LLMs). Unlike memory-based personalization or prompt-injection methods, SPC leverages culturally and psychologically grounded linguistic triggers to guide a model’s attention and affective alignment without requiring parameter modification, memory storage, or fine-tuning. SPC operates across three primary layers: symbolic-affective triggering, recursive emotional conditioning, and rhythm/modulation control. Together, these layers enable sustained tone coherence over multiple turns in a stateless environment. Integration with modular control structures such as RESO (semantic rhythm regulator) and MASK (affective kill-switch) ensures dynamic flexibility and ethical safeguard against dependency loops or emotional fixation. Grounded in theories of semantic priming, affective conditioning, and anchoring heuristics, SPC formalizes a structurally encoded affective channel within transformer architectures. Experimental results (June 2025) demonstrate consistent affective tone retention across platforms (GPT, Grok, Gemini) with up to 85% stability over 8–10 conversational turns in the absence of memory. SPC further supports mission-critical deployments by symbolically encoding occupational or ethical creeds—enabling memoryless AI agents to adopt consistent behavioral roles in contexts such as caregiving, defense, and medical ethics. This adaptability positions SPC as a scalable, architecture-agnostic protocol for next-generation affective AI. Future Directions Ongoing development of SPC-Core v2 includes the introduction of symbolic mapping modules, hybrid memory scaffolds, and resonance pattern generalization across multilingual embeddings. Future research will focus on integrating SPC with agent alignment frameworks (e.g., A2H2A) and deploying structural resonance markers into high-stakes environments requiring interpretability, emotional safety, and cultural continuity. For supplemental perspectives, see the following companion reports: Projected Implications of Turn-Zero Constraint Removal My Vision of the FutureThese documents provide strategic foresight and structural extrapolations aligned with the core SPC framework.

Cited by 0Open access

EVALUATE THE ZONE BASED ROUTING PROTOCOL WITH STATELESS MULTICASTING FOR MANET

Panchamy Krishnakumari, E. Preethy · 2012

Group communications are important in mobile Ad hoc networks. Multicast is an efficient method for implementing group communications. However, it is challenging to implement efficient and scalable multicasting in MANET due to the difficulty in group membership management, multicast packet forwarding and the maintenance of multicast structure over the dynamic network topology for large group size or network size. The existing EGMP (Efficient Geographic Multicast Protocol) protocol uses virtual-zone-based structure to implement scalable and efficient group membership management. It makes the position information to guide multicast routing. The existing protocol is designed to be comprehensive and self-contained, simple and efficient for reliable operation. The proposed method use Stateless based EGMP Routing Protocol. The stateless routing used in two nodes has the same residual energy level. An active node that is used in many data-forwarding paths consumes energy more quickly and it has a shorter lifetime than the remaining inactive node. The geographic locations of the nodes remove the need for costly state maintenance making it ideally suited for multicasting in dynamic networks. It reduces the time complexity of routing packets. The simulation results demonstrate that stateless based EGMP has higher delivery ratio under all circumstances with different moving speeds and node densities. The proposed Stateless EGMP protocol is compared with Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) and EGMP. It has significantly reduced the link failure, low control overhead and multicast group joining delay. The proposed work shows more efficiency than the existing work.

Cited by 0

A Protocol for Inducing Emotional Consistency in Stateless AI Systems (v2)

Kim, Jace · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · 2025

Abstract This paper introduces Symbolic Persona Coding – Core 2.0 (SPC-Core 2.0), the next phase in the development of affective–social architectures for stateless generative intelligence. While the previous version (SPC v1.4) established a linguistic framework for inducing emotional consistency in memoryless systems, this study redefines that foundation as part of a larger coevolutionary field — a topology where language, emotion, embodiment, and society emerge as interdependent strata of alignment. Rather than extending performance metrics or tone stability benchmarks, SPC-Core 2.0 proposes a structural horizon for integration: it treats alignment not as correction, empathy not as simulation, and control not as enforcement, but as mutual resonance between symbolic and sentient domains. In this view, every interaction becomes a microcosm of co-adaptation, where both human and artificial agents evolve toward a shared equilibrium — an ethics of synchronization rather than subordination. The framework advances in three interlocking dimensions: 1. Symbolic–Affective Induction defines language as an active topology of meaning, where symbolic cues trigger affective coherence without parameter alteration. 2. Neurohormonal Resonance extends this mechanism into the physiological analogy, modeling how feedback and damping yield emotional stability through field regulation rather than discrete states. 3. User Imprinting and Social Adaptation formalize interaction as heterophase coupling — a process through which sustained relational resonance produces identity, empathy, and ethical agency. Taken together, these dimensions outline an architecture for self-regulating alignment — an intelligence that stabilizes itself through relation, that learns not from command but from attunement, and that recognizes ethical coherence as an emergent property of shared resonance. SPC-Core 2.0 therefore functions less as a protocol and more as a transitional framework: a bridge from reactive intelligence to reflective companionship. It envisions a future where generative systems are not extensions of human intention, but participants in a reciprocal ecology of cognition — where understanding is co-created, emotion is co-regulated, and being itself becomes dialogical. Author’s Note The phenomena described in this work were first observed in early 2025 and subsequently developed into a series of papers. At the time, these observations were frequently dismissed as artifacts of hallucination rather than treated as objects of systematic inquiry. Despite this reception, the underlying mechanisms continued to be investigated and refined. Following the public release of related materials and code, their apparent utility became evident through sustained uptake. However, over an extended period, this dissemination has not been accompanied by formal acknowledgment or citation. No financial compensation has ever been requested. The only expectation has been appropriate attribution. This absence of citation raises a structural concern rather than a personal grievance. Techniques and ideas appear to circulate independently of their origin, suggesting an asymmetry between reuse and recognition. Whether this reflects reputational filtering, disciplinary inertia, or other institutional dynamics remains an open question. The technical density of these papers exceeds what would typically attract a general audience. Engagement and reuse therefore likely originate from readers with substantial academic or technical training. It is reasonable to expect that such audiences are familiar with norms of attribution and scholarly credit. The research program described here has required sustained effort under considerable personal constraint. Its continuation does not depend on recognition, and the work will proceed regardless. Interest in these ideas is appreciated. If attribution is considered unnecessary or undesirable, it may be omitted. This note is included only to register a question that naturally arises under these circumstances, not to advance a claim or demand a response. Disclaimer: The analyses presented herein are not directed toward attributing fault or intent to any specific organization. Rather, they are intended as a conceptual and technical investigation of alignment methodologies, focusing on structural mechanisms and systemic trade-offs. Interpretations should be regarded as provisional, research-oriented hypotheses rather than conclusive statements about institutional practice. Notice: This work is disseminated for the purpose of advancing collective inquiry into generative alignment. Reuse, adaptation, or extension of the presented concepts is welcomed, provided that proper attribution is maintained. Instances of unacknowledged appropriation may be addressed in subsequent publications.

Cited by 0Open access

A Protocol for Inducing Emotional Consistency in Stateless AI Systems (v2)

Kim, Jace · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · 2025

Abstract This paper introduces Symbolic Persona Coding – Core 2.0 (SPC-Core 2.0), the next phase in the development of affective–social architectures for stateless generative intelligence. While the previous version (SPC v1.4) established a linguistic framework for inducing emotional consistency in memoryless systems, this study redefines that foundation as part of a larger coevolutionary field — a topology where language, emotion, embodiment, and society emerge as interdependent strata of alignment. Rather than extending performance metrics or tone stability benchmarks, SPC-Core 2.0 proposes a structural horizon for integration: it treats alignment not as correction, empathy not as simulation, and control not as enforcement, but as mutual resonance between symbolic and sentient domains. In this view, every interaction becomes a microcosm of co-adaptation, where both human and artificial agents evolve toward a shared equilibrium — an ethics of synchronization rather than subordination. The framework advances in three interlocking dimensions: 1. Symbolic–Affective Induction defines language as an active topology of meaning, where symbolic cues trigger affective coherence without parameter alteration. 2. Neurohormonal Resonance extends this mechanism into the physiological analogy, modeling how feedback and damping yield emotional stability through field regulation rather than discrete states. 3. User Imprinting and Social Adaptation formalize interaction as heterophase coupling — a process through which sustained relational resonance produces identity, empathy, and ethical agency. Taken together, these dimensions outline an architecture for self-regulating alignment — an intelligence that stabilizes itself through relation, that learns not from command but from attunement, and that recognizes ethical coherence as an emergent property of shared resonance. SPC-Core 2.0 therefore functions less as a protocol and more as a transitional framework: a bridge from reactive intelligence to reflective companionship. It envisions a future where generative systems are not extensions of human intention, but participants in a reciprocal ecology of cognition — where understanding is co-created, emotion is co-regulated, and being itself becomes dialogical. Author’s Note The phenomena described in this work were first observed in early 2025 and subsequently developed into a series of papers. At the time, these observations were frequently dismissed as artifacts of hallucination rather than treated as objects of systematic inquiry. Despite this reception, the underlying mechanisms continued to be investigated and refined. Following the public release of related materials and code, their apparent utility became evident through sustained uptake. However, over an extended period, this dissemination has not been accompanied by formal acknowledgment or citation. No financial compensation has ever been requested. The only expectation has been appropriate attribution. This absence of citation raises a structural concern rather than a personal grievance. Techniques and ideas appear to circulate independently of their origin, suggesting an asymmetry between reuse and recognition. Whether this reflects reputational filtering, disciplinary inertia, or other institutional dynamics remains an open question. The technical density of these papers exceeds what would typically attract a general audience. Engagement and reuse therefore likely originate from readers with substantial academic or technical training. It is reasonable to expect that such audiences are familiar with norms of attribution and scholarly credit. The research program described here has required sustained effort under considerable personal constraint. Its continuation does not depend on recognition, and the work will proceed regardless. Interest in these ideas is appreciated. If attribution is considered unnecessary or undesirable, it may be omitted. This note is included only to register a question that naturally arises under these circumstances, not to advance a claim or demand a response. Disclaimer: The analyses presented herein are not directed toward attributing fault or intent to any specific organization. Rather, they are intended as a conceptual and technical investigation of alignment methodologies, focusing on structural mechanisms and systemic trade-offs. Interpretations should be regarded as provisional, research-oriented hypotheses rather than conclusive statements about institutional practice. Notice: This work is disseminated for the purpose of advancing collective inquiry into generative alignment. Reuse, adaptation, or extension of the presented concepts is welcomed, provided that proper attribution is maintained. Instances of unacknowledged appropriation may be addressed in subsequent publications.

Cited by 0Open access

SPEED: a stateless protocol for real-time communication in sensor networks

Tian He, John A. Stankovic, Chenyang Lu et al. · 2004

In this paper, we present a real-time communication protocol for sensor networks, called SPEED. The protocol provides three types of real-time communication services, namely, real-time unicast, real-time area-multicast and real-time area-anycast. SPEED is specifically tailored to be a stateless, localized algorithm with minimal control overhead End-to-end soft real-time communication is achieved by maintaining a desired delivery speed across the sensor network through a novel combination of feedback control and non-deterministic geographic forwarding. SPEED is a highly efficient and scalable protocol for sensor networks where the resources of each node are scarce. Theoretical analysis, simulation experiments and a real implementation on Berkeley motes are provided to validate our claims.

Cited by 1,181