Olin Lathrop, David B. Kirk, Douglas Voorhies · IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications · 1990
A simple method is presented for eliminating most pixel-positioning errors when rendering lines and polygons with J.E. Bresenham's algorithm (see IBM Syst. J., vol.4, no.1, p.25-30 (1965)). The method affects only the calculation of the initial values for Bresenham's vector-generating algorithm. It does not alter the actual vector-generating algorithm, requiring only inter arithmetic to find the next pixel in a vector. The method eliminates all dropouts and virtually all overlaps between adjacent polygons whose edges lie on the same line. This eliminates the need to grow polygons to avoid dropout and opens the possibility of drawing surfaces composed of adjacent polygons with read modify/write pixel operations such as add or alpha buffering. It is shown that most rendering artifacts of today's display controllers ultimately result from pixel-positioning errors, not insufficient z-buffer resolution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cited by 26
Lu Fang, Oscar C. Au, Ngai‐Man Cheung · IEEE Signal Processing Magazine · 2013
Subpixel rendering technologies take advantage of the subpixel structure of a display to increase the apparent resolution and to improve the display quality of text, graphics, or images. These techniques can potentially improve the apparent resolution because a single pixel on color liquid crystal display (LCD) or organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays consists of several independently controllable colored subpixels. Applications of subpixel rendering are font rendering and image/video subsampling. By controlling individual subpixel values of neighboring pixels, it is possible to microshift the apparent position of a line to give greater details of text. Similarly, since the individual selectable components are increased threefold by controlling subpixels rather than pixels, subpixel-based subsampling can potentially improve the apparent resolution of a down-scaled image. However, the increased apparent luminance resolution often comes at the price of color fringing artifacts. A major challenge is to suppress chrominance distortion while maintaining apparent luminance sharpness. This column introduces subpixel arrangement in color displays, how subpixel rendering works, and several practical subpixel rendering applications in font rendering and image subsampling.
Cited by 14
Joyce Farrell, Shalomi Eldar, Kevin Larson et al. · Journal of the Society for Information Display · 2011
Abstract— ClearType is a subpixel‐rendering method designed to improve the perceived quality of text. The method renders text at subpixel resolution and then applies a one‐dimensional symmetric mean‐preserving filter to reduce color artifacts. This paper describes a computational method and experimental tests to assess user preferences for different filter parameters. The computational method uses a physical display simulation and a perceptual metric that includes a model of human spatial and chromatic sensitivity. The method predicts experimentally measured preferences for filters for a range of characters, fonts, and displays.
Cited by 9
Dean S. Messing, Louis Kerofsky, Scott Daly · 2004
Luminance resolution of colour matrix displays can be enhanced when subpixel resampling is used to render images, but at the cost of colour aliasing if appropriate filtering is not done. The problem has been effectively solved for the case of one-dimensional RGB striped matrix displays by using a high-pass chrominance filter, based on a human perceptual model, following resampling. In this paper we motivate the case of 2D subpixel geometries and suggest an extension to the ID solution.
Cited by 13
Thomas Engelhardt, Thorsten‐Walther Schmidt, Jan Kautz et al. · Computer Graphics Forum · 2013
Abstract Subpixel rendering increases the apparent display resolution by taking into account the subpixel structure of a given display. In essence, each subpixel is addressed individually, allowing the underlying signal to be sampled more densely. Unfortunately, naïve subpixel sampling introduces colour aliasing, as each subpixel only displays a specific colour (usually R, G and B subpixels are used). As previous work has shown, chromatic aliasing can be reduced significantly by taking the sensitivity of the human visual system into account. In this work, we find optimal filters for subpixel rendering for a diverse set of 1D and 2D subpixel layout patterns. We demonstrate that these optimal filters can be approximated well with analytical functions. We incorporate our filters into GPU‐based multi‐sample anti‐aliasing to yield subpixel rendering at a very low cost (1–2 ms filtering time at HD resolution). We also show that texture filtering can be adapted to perform efficient subpixel rendering. Finally, we analyse the findings of a user study we performed, which underpins the increased visual fidelity that can be achieved for diverse display layouts, by using our optimal filters.
Cited by 11
2008
A common workflow in digital photography involves viewing high resolution images on LCD displays- either computer monitors or camera viewfinders. To minimise cost and complexity, most cameras use a single sensor overlaid with a Bayer filter to selectively sample various wavelengths at interleaved locations. Missing data must then be interpolated, which is known to introduce artefacts. In order to show the image on a display with a lower resolution, it must then be downsampled, which introduces more artefacts. This process usually does not take into account the fact that LCD displays are composed of horizontally displaced subpixels, which can be individually addressed to achieve a higher effective horizontal resolution. A new downsampling algorithm is proposed, which works directly within the Bayer domain and exploits subpixel resolution to produce images of higher detail than the naïve demosaicking and downsampling combination. 1
Cited by 0
Lu Fang · 2011
Digital image and video processing using subpixel rendering by Lu Fang thesis 2011 xiii, 131 p. : ill. ; 30 cm Subpixel rendering techniques originate from the problem of monochromatic font rendering on LCDs. It takes advantage of the fact…Read more ›
Cited by 0
Suk‐Ju Kang · Journal of Display Technology · 2014
In this letter, a new subpixel rendering algorithm using the hue-saturation-intensity (HSI)-based color error analysis is proposed for matrix display devices. The proposed method converts an RGB input image into a HSI image, which is a color space based on human color perception, in order to analyze the sampling errors that are caused by subpixel rendering. Then, it computes the difference between the directionally displaced pixels and selects the direction with the minimum difference. Finally, the proposed method adaptively assigns weights to current and neighboring subpixels based on the directional difference. In experiments for various types of test images, the proposed method enhanced the average luminance sharpness by up to 0.224 and the average chrominance blending by up to 7.311 dB, as compared to the benchmark methods.
Cited by 8
Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) · 2011
Digital image and video processing using subpixel rendering by Lu Fang thesis 2011 xiii, 131 p. : ill. ; 30 cm Subpixel rendering techniques originate from the problem of monochromatic font rendering on LCDs. It takes advantage of the fact…Read more ›
Cited by 0
Suk‐Ju Kang · Journal of Display Technology · 2013
In this paper, we present a new subpixel rendering algorithm considering adaptively weighting factors of the current and neighboring subpixels for matrix displays. The proposed method divides gray levels into several bins computing the absolute color difference between the current subpixel and neighboring subpixels. Then, it adaptively assigns weighting factors to the current and neighboring subpixels. In the experiments using test images, the proposed subpixel rendering algorithm improved the average luminance sharpness by up to 0.124, when compared to benchmarks methods. For the chrominance blending, the average peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of the proposed method was up to 1.415 dB higher than those of the benchmarks methods.
Cited by 9
Association for Artificial Intelligence 2024, Yuan, Hongliang, Zhang, Boyu · Underline Science Inc. · 2024
Generating high-quality, realistic rendering images for real-time applications generally requires tracing a few samples-per-pixel (spp) and using deep learning-based approaches to denoise the resulting low-spp images. Existing denoising methods necessitate a substantial time expenditure when rendering at high resolutions due to the physically-based sampling and network inference time burdens. In this paper, we propose a novel Monte Carlo sampling strategy to accelerate the sampling process and a corresponding denoiser, subpixel sampling reconstruction (SSR), to obtain high-quality images. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms previous approaches in denoising quality and reduces overall time costs, enabling real-time rendering capabilities at 2K resolution.
Cited by 0Open access
Lilian Buzer · Computational Geometry · 2008
Cited by 6
김영환, 강석주 · Open Access System for Information Sharing (Pohang University of Science and Technology) · 2018
Cited by 0
Boyu Zhang, Hongliang Yuan · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · 2024
Generating high-quality, realistic rendering images for real-time applications generally requires tracing a few samples-per-pixel (spp) and using deep learning-based approaches to denoise the resulting low-spp images. Existing denoising methods necessitate a substantial time expenditure when rendering at high resolutions due to the physically-based sampling and network inference time burdens. In this paper, we propose a novel Monte Carlo sampling strategy to accelerate the sampling process and a corresponding denoiser, subpixel sampling reconstruction (SSR), to obtain high-quality images. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms previous approaches in denoising quality and reduces overall time costs, enabling real-time rendering capabilities at 2K resolution.
Cited by 2Open access
Jae-Han Lee, Kyungrae Kim, Chang‐Su Kim · 2017
A novel subpixel rendering algorithm for diamond-shaped PenTile displays, which improves the apparent display resolution and reduces color fringing artifacts, is proposed in this work. We develop two types of filters: main filters and nonnegative filters. First, the main filters are derived to minimize the error between an original input image and a perceived image. Second, the nonnegative filters are modified from the main filters. While the main filters are optimized for improving the resolution, the nonnegative filters suppress color distortions effectively. We analyze local characteristics of an image and estimate the amount of color distortions in each region. Based on the color distortion analysis, we render the image by applying adaptive combinations of the main filters and the nonnegative filters. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms conventional algorithms, by not only improving the apparent resolution but also suppressing color distortions effectively.
Cited by 4
Candice H. Brown Elliott, Seokjin Han, Moon H. Im et al. · SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers · 2002
Abstract Color subpixel rendering is enhanced by co‐optimizing the color subpixel architecture and algorithms with respect to human vision, resulting in the PenTile Matrix™ subpixel architecture to double the addressability and the MTF limit in both horizontal and vertical axes while reducing driver count. Results of prototype AMLCD panels demonstrate improved text and full color image quality.
Cited by 40
Wei‐Fu Chang, De-Wei Kuo, Liao Jhen‐Shen et al. · SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers · 2016
In this paper, FHD SPR (Subpixel Rendering) panel which with specific subpixel arrangement SPR‐3x4 unlike conventional RGB arrangement. The SPR‐3x4 panel has been implemented in 5.5 inches panel and through SPR algorithm to achieve resolution to FHD. The SPR‐3x4 panel not only has higher transmittance about 39.6% but also keep same image quality compared with conventional RGB‐stripe display. Moreover, the SPR‐3x4 panel has power saving about 15% compared with conventional RGB‐stripe panel. In addition, we further planning reduce about 37 % power consumption through with zigzag circuit design.
Cited by 0
Jae-Han Lee, Kyung Rae Kim, Chang‐Su Kim · Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation · 2021
Cited by 3
Lu Fang, Oscar C. Au, Ketan Tang et al. · APSIPA Transactions on Signal and Information Processing · 2012
Many of portable devices such as smart phones, portable multimedia players (PMP), and digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) cameras are capable of capturing high-resolution images (e.g. 10 mega-pixel in DSLR) or even video. The limited battery power supply in the portable devices often prevents these systems to use high-power large liquid crystal display (LCD). Instead, the portable devices often have a LCD screen with small physical size (e.g. 3cm × 2cm for Smartphone or DSLR) and with much lower pixel resolution (e.g. 0.15 mega-pixel for 480 × 320 display) than actual image/video resolution. Thus, the high-resolution image and video are down-sampled before being displayed. Unfortunately, the anti-aliasing filter often leads to rather severe blurring. Although the blurring may be minor when the viewing distance is large, it can be rather disturbing in portable applications due to the short viewing distance. To cope with the blurring problem, one possible solution is to use an LCD screen with higher resolution. But such hardware solution tends to be expensive and often not welcomed by the consumer electronic companies. Another possible solution is to continue to use the low-resolution LCD screen, but use some software technique to enhance the apparent image/video resolution. In this paper, we discuss a novel way to improve the apparent resolution of down-sampled image/video using a technique called subpixel rendering, which controls subpixel that is smaller than a pixel in a high-precision manner. © The Authors 2012.
Cited by 13Open access
Shang‐Fei Zang, Qiong‐Hua Wang, Wu-Xiang Zhao et al. · Optik · 2015
Cited by 1