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Supplementary webappendix This webappendix formed part of the original submission and has been peer reviewed. We post it as supplied by the authors. Supplement to: NSCLC Meta-analyses Collaborative Group. Adjuvant chemotherapy, with or without postoperative radiotherapy, in operable non-small-cell lung cancer: two meta-analyses of individual patient data. Lancet 2010; published online March 24.
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is known since mankind. The word surgery is derived from Latin and Greek meaning “hand work”. It is defined in Webster’s Dictionary as a branch of medicine concerned with diseases and conditions requiring or amenable to operative or manual proce-dures. Gawande (1) defines surgery as “a profession defined by its authority to cure by means of bodily invasion. ” Since the evolution, surgery has become more effective with a substantial reduction in violence and complications. Surgery as all other fields of medicine is composed of two elements: science and art. The art component is related to the applied practice, surgical competencies, craftsmanship, and humanities. The scientific aspect of surgery includes knowledge and information, criti-
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Division of Urology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, First Floor, Rhoads Pavilion, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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The management of biliary tract disease has changed completely as a result of minimally invasive treatment. For most patients with gallstones that cause symptoms a laparoscopic cholecystectomy will treat the condition with minimal morbidity and a short recovery period. If complications are encountered, conversion to a mini-cholecystectomy gives results that are nearly as good. Acute cholecystitis can be treated by percutaneous drainage followed either by percutaneous cholecystolithotomy or a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Gallstones in the bile duct are best treated by endoscopic sphincterotomy with duct clearance. The day of the large cholecystectomy scar with its subsequent incisional hernia has gone.
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Annals of Surgery, the world's most highly referenced surgery journal, provides the international medical community with information on significant contributions to the advancement of surgical science and practice. Surgeons look to Annals of Surgery first for innovations in practice and technique. Special editorial features include "Advances in Surgical Technique," which provides up-to-the-minute coverage of current clinical issues, and monthly review articles that cover the most current practice concerns. Affiliated Societies: American Surgical Association European Surgical Association
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