Tareq Ahram, Waldemar Karwowski · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · 2009
The total systems approach focuses on human performance and ensures capabilities, limitations and risks are identified and managed throughout the system development lifecycle. HSI is the process to ensure that systems are designed and maintained such that they enhance human performance and capabilities while considering humans limitations to avoid high risk designs. The HSI process utilizes and integrates the interdependent multi-disciplinary aspects of various domains together within the systems engineering perspective. Since HSI processes have a top priority in systems design; this paper will introduce a new approach for modeling human capabilities and limitations in systems design. Human considerations in systems development will be modeled using Systems Modeling Language (SysML), a general-purpose visual modeling language for designing, specifying, analyzing, and verifying complex systems (Friedenthal et al., 2008).
Cited by 5
Tim Weilkiens, Jesko G. Lamm, Stephan V. Roth et al. · 2022
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Tim Weilkiens · Elsevier eBooks · 2007
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Birgit Vogel-Heuser · 2025
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Audrey Berquand, Paul Darm, Annalisa Riccardi · IEEE Access · 2021
The transformers architecture and transfer learning have radically modified the Natural Language Processing (NLP) landscape, enabling new applications in fields where open source labelled datasets are scarce. Space systems engineering is a field with limited access to large labelled corpora and a need for enhanced knowledge reuse of accumulated design data. Transformers models such as the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and the Robustly Optimised BERT Pretraining Approach (RoBERTa) are however trained on general corpora. To answer the need for domain-specific contextualised word embedding in the space field, we propose SpaceTransformers, a novel family of three models, SpaceBERT, SpaceRoBERTa and SpaceSciBERT, respectively further pre-trained from BERT, RoBERTa and SciBERT on our domain-specific corpus. We collect and label a new dataset of space systems concepts based on space standards. We fine-tune and compare our domain-specific models to their general counterparts on a domain-specific Concept Recognition (CR) task. Our study rightly demonstrates that the models further pre-trained on a space corpus outperform their respective baseline models in the Concept Recognition task, with SpaceRoBERTa achieving significant higher ranking overall.
Cited by 12Open access
William Bruyn, Randall Jense, Dinesh Keskar et al. · ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes · 1988
ESML (Extended Systems Modeling Language) is a new system modeling language based on the Ward-Mellor and Boeing structured methods techniques, both of which have proposed certain extensions of the DeMarco data flow diagram notation to capture control and timing information. The combined notation has a broad range of mechanisms for describing both combinatorial and sequential control logic.
Cited by 42Open access
Markus Lohmayer, Owen Lynch, Sigrid Leyendecker · Heliyon · 2025
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Dustin Birch, Jayesh B. Narsinghani, Daniel R. Herber et al. · Systems Engineering · 2023
Abstract An ongoing challenge within the field of Systems Engineering is the application of a right‐scoped and consistent approach to modeling human functions and risks within a system lifecycle. Humans interacting with a system can be modeled along a continuum from passive agents with not well‐defined interfaces with the system operations, to essential personnel who are responsible for dynamic interactions that ensure the safety and correct function of the system. This paper seeks to contribute to the integration of a model of human function, response, and reliability into the systems engineering of a complicated system through translation of a Human Factors Hazard Model (HFHM) into the Systems Modeling Language (SysML). The HFHM is constructed as a sequential event tree model of human response to triggering events, where each event's likelihood of failure is modeled by a set of fault trees predicting human failure probabilistically using Human Error Probabilities (HEP). Implementation of this model in SysML is demonstrated through a set of stereotyped structural, behavioral, and parametric diagrams. Integration of the HFHM within SysML demonstrates the benefits of human factors modeling and integration into Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) processes illustrating executability, reusability, and traceability.
Cited by 3Open access
Mendes, João, Carreira, Augusto, Aleluia, Miguel et al. · Figshare · 2016
Prompted by difficulties inherent to causal analysis in problem formulation, and by a need for more formal and robust strategy and transformation design tools and frameworks, this article introduces a procedure for modeling strategic problems in the Systems Modeling Language (SysML). As a test bed for the procedure, we used the widely available Robin Hood strategic management case study. The modeling process fostered an enhanced understanding of the nature of the problem, and the resulting model proved rich and complex. The difficulties stemming from causal analysis were absent altogether, thus showing that SysML provides a good basis upon which to build a non-causal, systemic strategy and transformation design framework.
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Maissane Aik · Scholarly Commons (Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University) · 2026
With the continuous growth of technology and system complexity, systems engineering plays a crucial role in ensuring performance, adaptability, and clarity across interconnected processes. Yet, as modeling tools become increasingly abstract and dependent on digital infrastructures, they have drifted away from the tangible, intuitive ways humans naturally think, communicate, and design. Current modeling approaches often require engineers to navigate numerous diagrams and layers of abstraction. To address the gap, this research will focus on creating a novel systems engineering language that reintroduces tangibility into system modeling. The proposed language will represent system elements as modular blocks that capture structure, behavior, and interaction within an integrated environment. Designed for both immersive 3D Virtual Reality, Extended Reality and adaptable 2D computer interfaces, the language aims to establish the foundational principles for a modeling approach that enhances comprehension, usability, and human-system interaction. The expected outcome of this research is a foundational model that defines how tangibility can be systematically incorporated into systems engineering design. This conceptual work will offer the principles needed to connect human perception with system abstraction and set the stage for future implementation in virtual environments. In the long term, the proposed language is expected to guide the development of an immersive systems engineering ecosystem enabling collaborative and interactive design and exploration of complex systems.
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M.A. de Miguel · 2003
We introduce the main elements of UML (Unified Modeling Language) extension to support QoS specifications, which are the basic constructors of QoS-aware models. Different types of languages are used to specify QoS systems, the most common include extensions of Interface Description Languages, UML extensions and metamodels, and mathematical models. QoS specification methods support the description of QoS concepts that are used for different purposes: i) generation of code for the management of QoS concepts (e.g., negotiation, access to resource managers), ii) specification of QoS-aware architectures, and iii) management of QoS information in QoS reflective infrastructures (e.g., QoS adaptable systems). QoS-aware models support the description of software architectures with quality requirements. The extensions included in this paper are part of an initial submission of OMG (Object Management Group) RFP "UML profile for quality of service and fault tolerance characteristics and mechanisms".
Cited by 6
Evgeny A. Popov, Yury V. Shornikov · Analysis and data processing systems · 2021
Heterogeneous dynamic systems (HDS) simultaneously describe processes of different physical nature. Systems of this kind are typical for numerous applications. HDSs are characterized by the following features. They are often multimode or hybrid systems. In general, their modes are defined as initial value problems (Cauchy problems) for implicit differential-algebraic systems of equations. Due to the presence of heterogeneous dynamic components or processes evolving in both time and space, the dimension of the complete system of equations may be pretty high. In some cases, the system of equations has an internal structure, for instance, the differential-algebraic system of equations approximating a partial differential equation by the method of lines. An original huge system of equations can then be algorithmically rewritten in a compact form. Moreover, heterogeneous hybrid dynamical systems can generate events of qualitatively different types. Therefore one has to use different numerical event detection algorithms. Nowadays, HDSs are modeled and simulated in computer environments. The modeling languages widely used by engineers do not allow them to fully specify all the properties of the systems of this class. For instance, they do not include event typing constructs. That is why a declarative general-purpose modeling language named LISMA_HDS has been developed for the computer-aided modeling and ISMA simulation environment. The language takes into account all of the characteristic features of HDSs. It includes constructs for plain or algorithmic declaration of model constants, initial value problems for explicit differential-algebraic systems of equations, and initial guesses for variables. It also allows researchers to define explicit time events, modes and transitions between them upon the occurrence of events of different types, to use macros and implement event control. LISMA_HDS is defined by a generative grammar in an extended Backus-Naur form and semantic constraints. It is proved that the grammar belongs to the LL(2) subclass of context-free grammars.
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A.P.J. Breunese, Johannes F. Broenink · University of Twente Research Information · 1997
Automated modeling is a field of research that is subject to considerable evolution. Both the increase in available computer power and better insight in the modeling and design process lead to a stream of new opportunities for automated modeling support. To make this support possible, a language is needed that forms the medium for the exchange of information between the computer and the user. In this paper, we propose the SIDOPS+ model description language that not only covers state of the art automated modeling techniques, but that also provides openness towards future developments.
Cited by 35
João Mendes, João Mendes, Augusto Carreira et al. · Journal of Enterprise Transformation · 2016
Prompted by difficulties inherent to causal analysis in problem formulation, and by a need for more formal and robust strategy and transformation design tools and frameworks, this article introduces a procedure for modeling strategic problems in the Systems Modeling Language (SysML). As a test bed for the procedure, we used the widely available Robin Hood strategic management case study. The modeling process fostered an enhanced understanding of the nature of the problem, and the resulting model proved rich and complex. The difficulties stemming from causal analysis were absent altogether, thus showing that SysML provides a good basis upon which to build a non-causal, systemic strategy and transformation design framework.
Cited by 4
J. Pedro Mendes, Augusto Carreira, Miguel Aleluia et al. · Figshare · 2016
Prompted by difficulties inherent to causal analysis in problem formulation, and by a need for more formal and robust strategy and transformation design tools and frameworks, this article introduces a procedure for modeling strategic problems in the Systems Modeling Language (SysML). As a test bed for the procedure, we used the widely available Robin Hood strategic management case study. The modeling process fostered an enhanced understanding of the nature of the problem, and the resulting model proved rich and complex. The difficulties stemming from causal analysis were absent altogether, thus showing that SysML provides a good basis upon which to build a non-causal, systemic strategy and transformation design framework.
Cited by 0Open access
Cecchetti, Samuel, Conley, Kieran X., Dinh, Tam N. et al. · Calhoun: The Naval Postgraduate School Institutional Archive (Naval Postgraduate School) · 2024
The Object Management Group (OMG) Systems Modeling Language (SysML) version 1.x is a graphical modeling language for representing and analyzing various aspects of systems undergoing systems engineering. SysML version 2.0 (SysML v2) became a beta specification in March 2023, and it aims to add formalism with a textual notation to complement its graphical model representations. Since the OMG Systems Modeling Community (SMC) is only now being established, there are not many examples of SysML v2 models. The text language needs to undergo beta testing, especially with behavior models of complex systems. This capstone project uses and develops behavior models for various types of systems to learn, test, and evaluate SysML v2 from a behavior modeling perspective. This report walks through translations of existing Monterey Phoenix (MP) models from the MP-Firebird library and other sources into SysML v2 code under the mentorship of a SysML expert. The results include a library of example SysML v2 behavior specifications that can be imported into the Eclipse Integrated Development Environment (IDE), along with findings and recommendations made during the translation process. This work provides the OMG SMC SysML v2 Formal Methods Working Group (FMWG) with both technical findings and user experience feedback that shape the evolution of the language and its implementations as it moves towards the final specification.
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M. Roux-rouquié, N. Caritey, L. Gaubert et al. · 2008
Since data integration is a first-order priority in systems biology, metamodeling that is the foundation for data integration, should become an effective strategy among current approaches. In practice, the building of a metamodel requires four levels: the information level 1 or data level, which consists in the basic facts to integrate, the data model at level 2, i. e. how the data are organized, the metamodel (level 3) that describes and organizes concepts with a set of well-formed rules to integrate models from level 2 and at level 4, the language for metamodeling that uses concepts and relations defined in the metamodel. Based on these principles, we developed an object-oriented systemic metamodel understandable by humans and computers that makes it possible to integrate data on structure, on the one hand and function, on the other hand. This metamodel was grounded on the active class, FunctionalUnit, whose attributes specify time-, space- and shape-dependency of biological functions. A special emphasize was put on the “shape ” attribute, named FormOccurrence, to account for the multifarious functional isoforms with respect to the gene or the protein from which they are derived. The context-dependency of biological functions was assessed through specific roles devoted to the FunctionalUnit class, they are vicinity (NeighborFunctionalUnit) for local context-dependency and globality (SupraFunctional Unit) for global contextdependency. We used the Unified Modeling Language (UML) to design our metamodel and we present arguments for customizing it to systems biology.
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Χρήστος Κοτρώνης · 2021
Η Μηχανική Συστημάτων (Systems Engineering (SE)) αποτελεί μία μεθοδολογική προσέγγιση για τη σχεδίαση, την υλοποίηση, την τεχνική διαχείριση, τη λειτουργία, και την πιθανή βελτίωση συστημάτων. Συγκεκριμένα, η Σχεδίαση Συστημάτων (Systems Design (SD)) είναι μία από τις βασικές δραστηριότητες αυτής της διαδικασίας. Η Μοντελο-κεντρική Σχεδίαση Συστημάτων (Model-Based Systems Design (MBSD)) είναι η προτιμητέα προσέγγιση για την αποτελεσματική σχεδίαση συστημάτων και ιδίως σύνθετων συστημάτων αποτελούμενων από υποσυστήματα (Systems of Systems (SoS)). Το MBSD υποστηρίζει τη δημιουργία εννοιολογικών μοντέλων συστημάτων τα οποία παρέχουν ενοποιημένες, οπτικές αναπαραστάσεις ενός συστήματος. Όλοι οι ενδιαφερόμενοι (stakeholders) πρέπει να είναι σε θέση να κατανοήσουν αυτά τα μοντέλα σε διαφορετικά επίπεδα πολυπλοκότητας (παραδείγματος χάριν, επίπεδα που κυμαίνονται από μια διακριτή μονάδα του συστήματος μέχρι και ένα ολόκληρο σύστημα). Επίσης, το MBSD μπορεί να υλοποιηθεί με τη χρήση της Γλώσσας Μοντελοποίησης Συστημάτων (Systems Modeling Language (SysML)), ένα πρότυπο της Ομάδας Διαχείρισης Αντικειμένων (Object Management Group (OMG)). H SysML επιτρέπει την περιγραφή ενός ευρέος φάσματος σύνθετων συστημάτων και μπορεί να εφαρμοστεί σε διαφορετικές σχεδιαστικές δραστηριότητες και διαφορετικά πεδία συστημάτων, ενώ είναι αποδεκτή τόσο από την ακαδημαϊκή κοινότητα όσο και από τη βιομηχανία. Μεταξύ αρκετών παραμέτρων που εμπλέκονται στη σχεδίαση συστημάτων, η Παρεχόμενη Ποιότητα Υπηρεσίας (Quality of Service (QoS)) αποτελεί κρίσιμο παράγοντα που περιορίζει τις αποφάσεις σχεδίασης. Το QoS αντικατοπτρίζει τα επίπεδα λειτουργίας ενός συστήματος κάτω από συγκεκριμένες συνθήκες οι οποίες επηρεάζουν την ποιότητα της παρεχόμενης λειτουργικότητας. Παρά το γεγονός ότι το QoS είναι η εύληπτη ένδειξη της ποιότητας των υπηρεσιών που αναμένουν οι τελικοί χρήστες από το σύστημα που χρησιμοποιούν, δεν υφίσταται ολοκληρωμένο πλαίσιο που ενσωματώνει αποτελεσματικά την έννοια της παρεχόμενης ποιότητας υπηρεσίας κατά τη σχεδίαση, χρησιμοποιώντας αποδοτικά MBSD και SysML. Επιπλέον, η τρέχουσα έκδοση της SysML δεν υποστηρίζει άμεσα έννοιες συνυφασμένες με την ποιότητα υπηρεσίας. Ωστόσο, η έννοια της απαίτησης που παρέχει η ίδια η SysML μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί και να επεκταθεί για την περιγραφή και διαχείριση QoS. Ο στόχος των εκτεταμένων απαιτήσεων QoS είναι να απεικονίσουν την ποιότητα που παρέχει το σύστημα στους χρήστες του, από άποψη υπηρεσιών, και όχι να περιγράψουν τη συμπεριφορά του συστήματος. Για την αξιολόγηση τέτοιων απαιτήσεων είναι αναγκαίο να αναλυθεί το σύστημα και να αξιολογηθούν τα αποτελέσματα που προκύπτουν από την ανάλυση, έτσι ώστε να επαληθευτεί εάν ικανοποιούνται οι χρήστες (ή όχι). Η ικανοποίηση ορισμένων απαιτήσεων QoS απαιτεί από το σχεδιαστή να αποφασίσει βασικές πτυχές του συστήματος, όπως η διάταξή του (configuration). Αποφάσεις σχετικές με το QoS κατά τη σχεδίαση επηρεάζονται και από παράγοντες κόστους, όπως είναι τα έξοδα που απαιτούνται για την απόκτηση ή/και λειτουργία του συστήματος. Στόχος του διδακτορικού έργου είναι η διερεύνηση του QoS κατά τη σχεδίαση συστημάτων με τη χρήση μοντελο-κεντρικής σχεδίασης MBSD και της γλώσσας SysML. Το έργο βασίζεται στο πλαίσιο που προτείνεται από τον Friedenthal et al., το Ενοποιημένο Πλαίσιο Αρχιτεκτονικής (Unified Architecture Framework (UAF)) καθώς και την Εργαλειοθήκη Μοντελοποίησης Συστημάτων (Systems Modeling Toolbox (SYSMOD)). Αυτά τα επεκτείνουμε για να διαχειριστούμε QoS. Ειδικότερα, καθορίζονται απαιτήσεις QoS και ενσωματώνονται σε SysML μοντέλα. Μοντέλα ανάλυσης (analysis models), βασισμένα είτε σε προσομοιώσεις είτε σε μαθηματικούς επιλυτές, χρησιμοποιούνται για την αξιολόγηση των απαιτήσεων αυτών. Επιπλέον, το κεντρικό SysML μοντέλο ενσωματώνει μοντέλο υποστήριξης αποφάσεων για τη λήψη αποφάσεων κατά τη σχεδίαση, καθώς και μοντέλο κόστους για την αξιολόγηση των κεφαλαιακών δαπανών (Capital Expenditures (CapEx)) ή λειτουργικών εξόδων (Operating Expenses (OpEx)) του συστήματος. Το πλαίσιο MBSD SysML με επίγνωση της παρεχόμενης ποιότητας υπηρεσίας εφαρμόστηκε σε δύο πρακτικά πεδία, ήτοι τα συστήματα μεταφορών σταθερής τροχιάς (Railway Transportation Systems (RTS)) και τα cyber-physical ανθρωπο-κεντρικά συστήματα (Cyber-Physical Human Systems (CPHS)). Στα RTS, εστιάζουμε στη λειτουργία τους με βάση τον προσδιορισμό και την αξιολόγηση της ποιότητας της άνεσης των επιβατών ενώ περιμένουν σε σταθμούς ή κινούνται μέσα σε τρένα. Η ποιότητα άνεσης ποσοτικοποιείται με την υιοθέτηση και χρήση του όρου Level of Service (LoS), ως τον ποσοτικό δείκτη της απόδοσης μιας υπηρεσίας από την πλευρά του παρόχου υπηρεσιών. Παράλληλα, αναλύονται τα λειτουργικά έξοδα τέτοιων συστημάτων, ανάλογα με τα επιτευχθέντα επίπεδα λειτουργίας LoS. Στα CPHS, εστιάζουμε στη συμμετοχή των ανθρώπων στη σχεδίαση του συστήματος, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τις ανησυχίες και τις απαιτήσεις ποιότητας που έχουν. Οι συμμετέχοντες εμπλέκονται στη σχεδίαση και στις λεπτομέρειες του συστήματος μέσω συγκεκριμένων οπτικών (παραδείγματος χάριν, οπτική ανθρώπου ή/και οπτική συστήματος) και στοιχείων του μοντέλου, που απεικονίζουν βασικούς δείκτες απόδοσης. Οι ανάγκες των συμμετεχόντων ικανοποιούνται με την κατάλληλη σχεδίαση και διάταξη του συστήματος μέσω μιας διαδικασίας που αναπτύσσεται συνεχώς και διατηρεί το δεσμό μεταξύ του ανθρώπινου συμμετέχοντα και του συστήματος. Ως εκ τούτου, οι συμμετέχοντες αναμένεται να κατανοήσουν το σύστημα και να είναι πρόθυμοι να συμμετάσχουν και να το χρησιμοποιήσουν. Τα πρακτικά πεδία που αναφέρθηκαν αναδεικνύουν τη γενικότητα και την εφαρμοσιμότητα του πλαισίου που προτείνεται.
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Michael E. Miller, John M. McGuirl, Michael Schneider et al. · 2022
We propose a Systems Modeling Language (SysML) extension, referred to as the “Human-Agent Teaming Modeling Language,” and a companion method, referred to as “Human-Agent Teaming Design Method,” which are useful in the design and specification of teams comprised of humans and artificial agents which interact within a system. The language and method support the analysis and design of human-agent teams through a three-step process. First, an existing system is analyzed to understand the goals to be achieved as well as the roles and the responsibilities necessary to support goal attainment. Simultaneously, a team of humans and artificial agents are synthesized wherein each entity has capabilities useful in fulfilling the responsibilities. Second, responsibilities are allocated to agents by matching agent capabilities to responsibilities. Finally, the design is vetted through the application of an extension to an existing method referred to as Interdependence Analysis. This step includes the specification of teaming behaviors between humans and artificial agents to improve system robustness. We posit that the proposed language and method can be useful in specifying requirements for artificial agents, human knowledge, and procedure requirements, as well as components of critical interaction between multiple humans and artificial agents comprising a human-agent team.
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M. Otter, et al., H. Elmqvist, F. E. Cellier · 2009
The object-oriented modeling language Dymola allows the physical modeling of large interconnected systems based on model components from different engineering domains. It generates symbolic code for different target simulators. In this paper, a Dymola class library for the efficient generation of the equations of motion for multibody systems is presented. The library is based on an O(n) algorithm which is reformulated in an object-oriented way. This feature can also be interpreted as a bond graph oriented modeling of multibody systems. Furthermore a new algorithm for a certain class of variable structure multibody systems, such as systems with Coulomb friction, is presented, which allows the generation of efficient symbolic code.
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