Caceres, Anton · TIB KMO / FLOWWORKS GmbH · 2015
Anton Caceres - Better asynchronous code with Tornado and Python 3 The asyncio module introduced in Python 3.4 is a game-changer for I/O management and event-driven network programming in Python. Aiming to be a lower-level implementation of an asynchronous event loop, it intends that higher level frameworks like Tornado, Twisted or Gevent will build on top of it, taking advantage of the shared interface for writing concurrent event-driven code across different Python frameworks. This talk connects theory with practice, presenting how Tornado can run in the asyncio event loop and take advantage of the subgenerator delegation syntax (yield from) to provide a high degree of concurrency while keeping the simplicity of sequential code. It explains the concept of coroutines, futures and ioloop, exposing Python 3 code for sample web tasks. The talk completes with a basic demo of running this code on Tornado, comparing its syntax and performance with popular asynchronous frameworks from other languages.
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Alexandra Noriega · 2011
This research discusses how the design of a tornado forward error correcting channel code (FEC) sends digital data stream profiles to the receiver. The complete design was based on the Tornado channel code, binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation on a Gaussian channel (AWGN). The communication link was simulated by using Matlab, which shows the theoretical systems efficiency. Then the data stream was input as data to be simulated communication systems using Matlab. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the audience to a simulation technique that has been successfully used to determine how well a FEC expected to work when transferring digital data streams. The goal is to use this data to show how FEC optimizes a digital data stream to gain a better digital communications systems. The results conclude by making comparisons of different possible styles for the Tornado FEC code.
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Jianmin Zhang, Qingmin Cui, Zexian Liu · 2009
Broadcast authentication is an essential security service in wireless sensor networks, as it allows a sender to broadcast messages to multiple nodes in an authenticated way. This paper propose a light-weight, scalable broadcast authentication scheme over a long period of time. Instead of using multi-level key chains as in multilevel ¿TESLA, the scheme uses multiple short key chains to replace one long key chain in ¿TESLA. In order to reduce the communication overhead, this scheme uses Tornado codes that encode/decode hash authentication packet. To evaluate the performance of our scheme, we compare our scheme with multilevel ¿TESLA.
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Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens Kew) · 2015
Anton Caceres - Better asynchronous code with Tornado and Python 3 [EuroPython 2015] [23 July 2015] [Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain] The asyncio module introduced in Python 3.4 is a game-changer for I/O management and event-driven network programming in Python. Aiming to be a lower-level implementation of an asynchronous event loop, it intends that higher level frameworks like Tornado, Twisted or Gevent will build on top of it, taking advantage of the shared interface for writing concurrent event-driven code across different Python frameworks. This talk connects theory with practice, presenting how Tornado can run in the asyncio event loop and take advantage of the subgenerator delegation syntax (yield from) to provide a high degree of concurrency while keeping the simplicity of sequential code. It explains the concept of coroutines, futures and ioloop, exposing Python 3 code for sample web tasks. The talk completes with a basic demo of running this code on Tornado, comparing its syntax and performance with popular asynchronous frameworks from other languages.
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Andreea Bărăscu, Bogdan Antonescu · Figshare · 2026
R code used for data analysis and figure generation in the study "An updated tornado climatology for Romania" by Bărăscu et al. (2025).
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Andreea Bărăscu, Bogdan Antonescu · Figshare · 2026
R code used for data analysis and figure generation in the study "An updated tornado climatology for Romania" by Bărăscu et al. (2025).
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Lawrence A. Twisdale, William L. Dunn, Johan Chu · OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) · 1978
Mathematical models of the contributing events to the tornado missile hazard at nuclear power plants have been developed in which the major sources of uncertainty have been considered in a probabilistic framework. These models have been structured into a sequential event formalism which permits the treatment of both single and multiple missile generation events. A simulation computer code utilizing these models has been developed to obtain estimates of tornado missile event likelihoods. Two case studies have been analyzed: a single unit plant using the current NRC set of missiles and a two unit arrangement using an expanded missile set. Preliminary results suggest that the likelihood of missile strike and that of subsequent plant damage may be acceptably small.
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Yuzuru Eguchi, Soichiro Sugimoto, Yasuo Hattori et al. · Transactions of the JSME (in Japanese) · 2015
Explanation is given about a rational method to evaluate tornado-borne missile speed, flight distance and flight height to be used for safety design of a nuclear power plant. In the method, the authors employed Fujita's DBT-77 model as a tornado wind model to take the near-ground tornado wind profile into account. A liftoff model of an object on the ground was developed by conservatively modeling the lift force due to ground effect. The wind field model and the liftoff model have been compiled together with a conventional flight model into a computer code, named TONBOS. In this study, especially, the code is verified for one- and two-dimensional free-fall problems as well as a case of 1957 Dallas tornado wind field model, whose solutions are theoretically or numerically known. Finally, the code is validated by typical car behaviors characterized by tornado wind speeds of the enhanced Fujita scale, as well as by an actual event where a truck was blown away by a tornado which struck a part of the town of Saroma, Hokkaido in November, 2006.
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Kristian Nybom, Jerker Björkqvist · 2006
Digital services are increasingly being delivered to user terminals over wireless multicast networks. When the target service requires uncorrupted data delivery, there is an increasing need for developing techniques for reliable content delivery. In multicast networks, the typical way of providing reliable content delivery is to apply forward error correcting techniques (FEC). In this paper, we introduce a modification to the Tornado code, where we combine the structures of Tornado codes and Hyper codes. Standard Tornado codes have the drawback that they are dependent on the error distribution on the data path. By combining the Tornado code with a Hyper code, we decrease the probability of the Tornado decoder failing due to inopportune error distribution in the source data. We demonstrate, based on a simulated transmission channel, that the error correcting performance is improved, at the cost of slightly longer decoding times, by using a combination of Hyper codes and Tornado codes, compared to the standard Tornado codes.
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Yuzuru Eguchi, Yasuo Hattori, Takahiro Murakami et al. · Doryoku, Enerugi Gijutsu Shinpojiumu koen ronbunshu/Doryoku, enerugi gijutsu no saizensen koen ronbunshu · 2022
Tornado PRA is an effective method to quantitatively evaluate tornado hazard impact on a nuclear power plant relative to the overall plant risk. Tornado hazard is generally classified into three categories, i.e., wind pressure load, negative pressure load, and impact load of tornado-borne missiles. The risk owing to tornado-borne missile impact on components and structures is supposed to be most significant among them, because the effects of the wind pressure load and the negative pressure load are usually negligible on components and structures with seismic resistance design, which are rigid enough to withstand postulated seismic load in Japan. Therefore, the authors have developed a probabilistic tornado-borne missile analysis code, TONBOS-pro, and an evaluation code of annual strike probability of tornado-borne missiles, TOMAXI-pro, which are intended to be used for tornado PRA. In this paper, we explain the primary features and sample results of both codes, with describing the future direction of their application to tornado PRA.
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R.W. Andrae, P.K. Tang, Rich Martin et al. · 1985
This manual describes the TORAC computer code, which can model tornado-induced flows, pressures, and material transport within structures. Future versions of this code will have improved analysis capabilities. In addition, it is part of a family of computer codes that is designed to provide improved methods of safety analysis for the nuclear industry. TORAC is directed toward the analysis of facility ventilation systems, including interconnected rooms and corridors. TORAC is an improved version of the TVENT computer code. In TORAC, blowers can be turned on and off and dampers can be controlled with an arbitrary time function. The material transport capability is very basic and includes convection, depletion, entrainment, and filtration of material. The input specifications for the code and a variety of sample problems are provided. 53 refs., 62 figs.
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Lawrence A. Twisdale, William L. Dunn · 1981
A probabilistic methodology has been developed to predict the probabilities of tornado-propelled missiles impacting and damaging nuclear power plant structures. Mathematical models of each event in the tornado missile hazard have been developed and sequenced to form an integrated, time-history simulation methodology. The models are data based where feasible. The data include documented records of tornado occurrence, field observations of missile transport, results of wind tunnel experiments, and missile impact tests. Probabilistic Monte Carlo techniques are used to estimate the risk probabilities. The methodology has been encoded in the TORMIS computer code to facilitate numerical analysis and plant-specific tornado missile probability assessments. Sensitivity analyses have been performed on both the individual models and the integrated methodology, and risk has been assessed for a hypothetical nuclear power plant design case study.
Cited by 1
Vincent F. Fratinardo, Scott A. Schroeder · Structures Congress 2014 · 2014
On May 3, 1999, an F5 tornado struck Moore, Oklahoma causing loss of life and destruction of property. On May 8, 2003, an F4 tornado struck Moore, Oklahoma. On May 20, 2013, Moore was struck by an EF-5 tornado with a similar path to the 1999 and 2003 twisters. This paper will compare our observations of damage caused by the 2013 tornado event to the damage documented by available sources during the 1999 and 2003 outbreaks. This paper will also review the history of the local building codes and ordinances and discuss their impact on the damage observed. The scope will include a summary of case studies of detailed damage evaluations in which construction defects and code variations may have contributed to the observed damage.
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Yifei Liu, Y. Zhang, Han Hong · Weather and Climate Extremes · 2025
Tornadoes can potentially damage structures and cause fatalities. Although tornado occurrence is often observed in China’s mainland, a systematic development of a comprehensive catalogue that forms the basis for tornado hazard assessment and mapping was not available. In the present study, a tornado catalogue from 1949 to 2023 over China’s mainland was compiled based on extensive literature research. This catalogue was used as the basis to map the spatially varying tornado occurrence rate and to develop a stochastic tornado occurrence model. For the mapping of the spatially varying tornado occurrence, the adaptive Gaussian kernel smoothing and the adaptive diffusion smoothing were employed. The newly developed stochastic occurrence model together with an adopted practical tornado wind field model were used to map the tornado hazards over China’s mainland in terms of the annual maximum tornado wind speed for given exceedance probabilities. The hazard was assessed for a site represented by a point as well as for a circular area, showing that the hazard is not negligible, and the hazard increases drastically as the size of the circular area increases. This implied that tornado hazard can be significant for a portfolio of structures within a relatively large circular area. The mapped hazard indicated that the hazard is not negligible for nuclear structures by considering the annual exceedance probability of 10 -7 , which is stipulated in the design code. The estimated tornado wind hazard was compared with that estimated based on a code-suggested procedure, which was developed and implemented in the 1970s and 1980s. The comparison indicated that the code procedure, in general, leads to a much greater tornado wind speed hazard. Some of the assumptions that resulted in the overestimation were identified. In addition, two new sets of empirical equations for the tornado path length, width and area were developed. The first set can be used for tornadoes with the F-scale rating and the second set for tornadoes with the EF-scale rating.
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Matthew Woitaszek · 2007
This thesis examines the application of Tornado Codes, a class of low density parity check (LDPC) erasure codes, to archival storage systems based on massive arrays of idle disks (MAID). The fault tolerance of Tornado Code graphs is analyzed, and it is shown that it is possible to identify and mitigate worst-case failure scenarios in small (96 node) graphs through use of simulations that find and eliminate critical node sets that can cause Tornado Codes to fail even when almost all blocks are present. The resulting graph construction procedure is then used to construct a 96-device Tornado Code stripe storage system with capacity overhead equivalent to RAID 10 that tolerates any four device failures. This system is demonstrated to be superior to parity-based RAID. After establishing the fault tolerance of Tornado Codes, a log-structured extent-based file
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Cao Xun-zhi · 2010
Tornado code is an important kind of low-density parity-check codes.It is shown that the Heavy-Tail/Poisson sequence is capable of achieving the capacity of the binary erasure channel.The construction algorithm for random bipartite graphs in the design of Tornado codes is proposed in this paper.By analyzing the distribution of Heavy-Tail/Poisson degree sequences of Tornado codes,a parameter-selection rule used to design Tornado codes is presented.Simulation results show the correctness of the parameter-selection rule.The construction algorithm for random bipartite graphs and the parameter-selection rule presented will be helpful in the design and its engineering application of Tornado codes.
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Guillermo Polito, Sté́phane Ducasse, Noury Bouraqadi et al. · LillOA (Université de Lille (University Of Lille)) · 2014
Producing a small deployment version of an application is a challenge because static abstractions such as packages cannot anticipate the use of their parts.As such, an application often occupies more memory than actually needed.To solve this problem we propose Tornado, a technique to dynamically tailor applications to only embed code (classes and methods) they use.Tornado uses a run-fail-grow approach to prepare an application for deployment.It launches minimal version of an application and installs a minimal set of statements that will start the user's application.This application is run and these statements are executed.When the application fails because there are classes or methods missing, the necessary code is installed.The application is executed until it reaches a stable point, allowing possibly human interaction for applications with UIs.Thus, Tornado creates minimal memory footprint versions of applications by tailoring the whole application's code, including run-time and third party libraries.In this report, we present the results we obtained from using Tornado to tailor two different applications.We succeeded to tailor a hello world application to occupy 1% of its original size.We also experimented with a Seaside web application tailoring in one case only the application's and framework's code and the whole application's code in the other case.In this latter example, we reached memory savings of about 97%.In this report we present an overview on Tornado, and we give details of the results we obtained.
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Yuzuru Eguchi, Daisuke Nohara, Yasuo Hattori · The Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE) · 2023
To understand the risk induced by tornado missiles, we need to evaluate both the degree of potential damage incurred and the frequency of the occurrence. In the paper, we show two methodologies effective to evaluate the degree of potential damage and the probability of the occurrence of tornado-borne missile strikes on structures, systems, and components in a nuclear power plant. One methodology is based on a tornado wind hazard model TOWLA, and a deterministic tornado-missile analysis code TONBOS, both of which were developed by the CRIEPI researchers including the present authors. The other is based on a probabilistic tornado-missile analysis code TONBOS-pro, and an annual missile-strike probability evaluation code TOMAXI-pro, both of which were developed by the first and third authors. To concretely show the effectiveness of the proposed methods, the annual probability that trucks on a straight road collide with a structure was evaluated by the two methods. The numerical results were compared with each other to indirectly confirm the validity of both evaluation methods. As a result, it turned out that the annual strike frequency computed by the deterministic evaluation method was much higher than that of the probabilistic evaluation method. Since the former method includes conservative assumptions, the results are consistent with the evaluation presumptions, reasonably indicating the validity of both methods.
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Guillermo Polito, Stéphane Ducasse, Noury Bouraqadi et al. · 2014
Producing a small deployment version of an application is a challenge because static abstractions such as packages cannot anticipate the use of their parts. As such, an application often occupies more memory than ac-tually needed. To solve this problem we propose Tornado, a technique to dynamically tailor applications to only embed code (classes and methods) they use. Tornado uses a run-fail-grow approach to prepare an application for deployment. It launches minimal version of an application and installs a minimal set of statements that will start the user’s application. This ap-plication is run and these statements are executed. When the application fails because there are classes or methods missing, the necessary code is installed. The application is executed until it reaches a stable point, allow-ing possibly human interaction for applications with UIs. Thus, Tornado creates minimal memory footprint versions of applications by tailoring the whole application’s code, including run-time and third party libraries.
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Garrido Estrada, Ester · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · 2011
This academic writing details the TGZD15 engineering project executed by Ester Garrido Estrada at Linköping University during the academic year 2010/2011. The goal is to develop a supersonic module for the conceptual design tool Tornado. When the project was defined, there was only a subsonic Tornado module available. However, Tornado code was designed to be modular in order to be easily extended with a created supersonic module and other future extensions. The physical and mathematical problem is to find the aerodynamic forces and moments acting on any aircraft lifting-surface flying at supersonic speeds. The proposed solution to this problem is to uses the standard vortex lattice method. The force acting on each vortex segment defined in every panel is determined by the Kutta-Jukovski theorem. The supersonic module differs from the subsonic in the aerodynamic influence between panels. Understanding Tornado subsonic module is the background work. The computational problem is divided in two different stages. On the one hand, the supersonic module code must be implemented. On the other hand, it is necessary to establish a connection between both modules to adapt the subsonic code to supersonic cases with the least possible changes. The Tornado supersonic module results have a good relation with the theoretical and experimental aerodynamic data shown and analyzed in the NACA documents quotes at the end of this writing. For example, the lift curve results for the unswept wings tested have 2 percent of error approximately. This error increases to 9 percent for swept wings. Results accuracy can be increased or decreased according with the number of panels used in the simulations. The conclusion is that Tornado subsonic and supersonic module can be used in different applications, including educational fields, because it offers a wide variety of results with an acceptable error.
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