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Transactive Memory

Roy F.Baumeister, Kathleen D.Vohs · Encyclopedia of Social Psychology · 2007

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Transactive Memory Systems

Vesa Peltokorpi · Review of General Psychology · 2008

The literature on transactive memory (TM) continues to grow in several interrelated scholarly fields. Although this increased interest in TM systems has been beneficial, it has also led to a plurality and confusing interpretation of TM theory. To identify gaps and ambiguities in TM literature, this article provides a comprehensive overview of TM theory, distinguishes TM systems from related cognitive concepts, and reviews theory extensions and research in dyads, groups, and teams. Suggested areas for future research and theory extensions are face-to-face communication influencing TM systems, social interaction processes related to expert inferences, task context and levels of analysis, and extension of research to work teams.

Cited by 193

Transactive Memory Systems

2010

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Transactive Memory System

María del Pilar García-Chitiva · 2024

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Transactive Memory System

María del Pilar García-Chitiva · 2024

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Transactive memory in close relationships.

Daniel M. Wegner, Ralf Erber, Paula Raymond · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · 1991

Memory performance of 118 individuals who had been in close dating relationships for at least 3 months was studied. For a memory task ostensibly to be performed by pairs, some Ss were paired with their partners and some were paired with an opposite-sex partner from another couple. For some pairs a memory structure was assigned (e.g., 1 partner should remember food items, another should remember history items, etc.), whereas for others no structure was mentioned. Pairs studied together without communication, and recall was tested in individuals. Memory performance of the natural pairs was better than that of impromptu pairs without assigned structure, whereas the performance of natural pairs was inferior to that of impromptu pairs when structure was assigned.

Cited by 658

Transactive Memory in the Classroom

M. Allison Cato Jackson, Richard L. Moreland · Small Group Research · 2009

This study investigated the role of transactive memory systems in classroom group performance. Sixty-three groups, containing a total of 209 students, were studied. Participants were required to complete a four-part group project for an undergraduate course on information systems in organizations. Students were surveyed after handing in the second and fourth segments of the project. These surveys provided information about the students’ demographic characteristics, prior coursework and motivation; the levels of familiarity among group members; and the transactive memory systems of the groups. Past research led us to predict that stronger transactive memory systems would be associated with better group performance. This prediction was confirmed: Transactive memory was a good predictor of group performance, even after other possible predictors were taken into account. Transactive memory itself was best predicted by communication among group members.

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Transactive memory in trauma resuscitation

Ra Sarcevic, Ivan Marsic, Michael E. Lesk et al. · 2008

This paper describes an ethnographic study conducted to explore the possibilities for future design and development of technological support for trauma teams. We videotaped 10 trauma resuscitations and transcribed each event. Using a framework that we developed, we coded each transcript to allow qualitative and quantitative analysis of the trauma teams ’ collaborative processes. We analyzed teams ’ tasks, interactions, and communication patterns that support information acquisition and sharing. Our results showed the importance of team transactive memory, but also pointed to inefficiencies in communication processes, which enable the functioning of this collective memory system. Based on quantitative and qualitative observations of trauma teamwork, we present opportunities for technological solutions that may reduce the cognitive effort needed for maintaining the working memory of trauma teams. Author Keywords Teamwork, communication, transactive memory, cognitive

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Transactive Memory Systems and Learning

Leila Bighash, Michael Farzinpour · 2023

This chapter introduces readers to the concept of a transactive memory system (TMS) or a group-level information-processing system that divides the labor among group members for information storage and task completion. The metaphor of a computer network is explained as an illustration of the working of a TMS among groups of people (and perhaps, people and their technologies if we consider them group members). The next section discusses the development of TMSs for groups and goes into detail about several factors that can influence whether a TMS emerges. The processes that group members engage in are then discussed, particularly focusing on the terminology that TMS scholars use to describe the functioning of a TMS, specifically transactive encoding, information allocation, information storage/manipulation, directory updating information retrieval, and retrieval coordination. Finally, the various outcomes that TMSs can foster are discussed, as well as some practical suggestions for those building and managing groups.

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Transactive memory and gender stereotypes

Traci Y. Craig · Purdue e-Pubs (Purdue University System) · 2002

This project explores the impact of stereotypes on the development and use of transactive memory systems. Transactive memory systems are those systems that develop within and between individuals in groups in order to most efficiently distribute information within a group. Using a series of word recall and general knowledge tasks dyads and groups are shown to develop implicit transactive memory system directories or systems via which groups understand who knows what within the group. These systems seem to be based in part on shared mental models provided by gender stereotypes. If stereotypes are guiding the development of transactive memory systems, the implications are that expertise resources may be left untapped and non-experts may be held accountable for information incongruent with their qualifications. The studies presented in this paper were designed to test a series of hypotheses across four studies to examine the role of stereotypes in the formation of new transactive memory systems in unacquainted dyads or groups working on memory or general knowledge tasks. Specifically, these studies allow for an examination of how stereotypes about partner's sex, major of study, or even actual performance influence the distribution of information. In a series of four studies, general support is found for the hypotheses that participants not only use their own sex as an indicator of relative expertise and subsequent information assignment, but also that the sex of the partners or other group members also plays a role in determining who will be held responsible for which domains of information. In addition, Study 4 demonstrates that while the transactive memory systems may initially be based on stereotypes that these systems are malleable and can also be influenced by the performance of the group's members. Implications for this role of stereotypes in transactive memory systems are discussed. Future directions for transactive memory research are suggested.

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Organizational memory information systems: a transactive memory approach

Dorit Nevo, Yair Wand · Decision Support Systems · 2004

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TRANSACTIVE MEMORY SYSTEMS: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Ana-Maria Andrei · Journal of Public Administration Finance and Law · 2024

This paper explores the relationship between transactive memory systems (TMS) and organizational performance through a bibliometric analysis. The analysis examines publications in the Web of Science database from 1975 to 2023, focusing on those that connect TMS with knowledge and performance in an organizational context. The results reveal a growing interest in TMS research, particularly since 2010. The analysis identifies key concepts such as team performance, knowledge management, and intellectual capital. It highlights the increasing importance of managing intangible resources like knowledge in the digital age. The findings suggest a strong link between well-developed TMS and improved organizational performance. TMS facilitates knowledge sharing, expertise utilization, and team coordination, ultimately leading to better outcomes like innovation, efficiency, and creativity. The paper concludes that TMS represents a strategic management resource, especially for knowledge-intensive organizations. It emphasizes the need for further research to fully understand the potential of TMS in supporting such organizations.

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Language Diversity and Transactive Memory System

Song, Youjeong · Open Science Framework · 2023

This study explores the role of language diversity in the development of transaction memory systems in multicultural teams. Through an experiment, this research project aims to understand how an individual forms a metaknowledge unit about other team members based on their language proficiency and accent, which in turn affects Transactive Memory System (TMS) development.

Cited by 0Open access

A transactive memory perspective of group learning

Peltokorpi, Vesa · Hiroshima University Acedemic Information Repository (Hiroshima University) · 2023

An increasing reliance on groups in organizations has made group learning a popular topic in the domain of organizational behavior. While shedding light on a range of factors influencing group learning processes, the literature on this topic is subject to conceptual ambiguities and inconsistent definitions. I draw on transactive memory theory (Wegner, 1986) to discuss learning processes in groups through three interrelated information processing phases of encoding, storage, and retrieval.

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THE TRANSACTIVE MEMORY SYSTEM AND GROUP LEARNING

Ribeiro Silva, Marcelo, da Silva, Claudio Cesar, Rodrigues da Fonseca, Letícia et al. · Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) · 2016

"The objective of this article lies in the understanding of the learning process that occurs in cross-functional groups in automotive companies in light of the Transactive Memory System (TMS). The specific objectives describe the working methodology applied for the operation of multifunctional groups and its relation to learning; the main factors that facilitate group learning and the moments which there was evidence of group learning. The research methodology used is qualitative and exploratory approaches due to the fact those approaches has been less explored in the academic environment. Two different organizations were investigated: the first one is a multinational which works with a strategy of offering complete innovation product, and the other with strategy of offering incremental innovative products for the automotive industry. The results indicated that the fact TMS acts as an important facilitator of group learning."

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Hippocampus: answering memory queries using transactive search

Catasta, Michele, Tonon, Alberto, Difallah, Djellel Eddine et al. · Queensland's institutional digital repository (The University of Queensland) · 2014

Memory queries denote queries where the user is trying to recall from his/her past personal experiences. Neither Web search nor structured queries can effectively answer this type of queries, even when supported by Human Computation so- lutions. In this paper, we propose a new approach to answer memory queries that we call Transactive Search: The user- requested memory is reconstructed from a group of people by exchanging pieces of personal memories in order to reassem- ble the overall memory, which is stored in a distributed fash- ion among members of the group. We experimentally com- pare our proposed approach against a set of advanced search techniques including the use of Machine Learning methods over the Web of Data, online Social Networks, and Human Computation techniques. Experimental results show that Transactive Search significantly outperforms the effective- ness of existing search approaches for memory queries.

Cited by 1

The Organization as a Transactive Memory System

Paul Jackson, Jane Klobas · Contributions to management science · 2007

Several forms of repository have been proposed for organizational memory, including people, culture, routines, technology and software, organizational structure and workplace ecology [5; 16], but what if we change the focus from repositories to processes? By observing couples and small groups, psychologists have found that the storage and retrieval of knowledge is transactional, i.e., that people develop systems for sharing responsibility for storage and retrieval of knowledge in such a way that no single individual needs to know everything that the group needs to know — it is sufficient to know who knows what and to be able to retrieve the information from that person. Transactive memory systems (TMS) essentially consist of sets of directories containing metadata which point to knowledge locations and the processes that maintain and utilize those directories. In this chapter, we introduce the notion of the organization as a TMS and consider how this perspective can assist with design of human and technology- supported systems to improve knowledge sharing in distributed and virtual organizations.

Cited by 4

Transactive memory system development in virtual teams

Yide Shen · 2007

Transactive Memory Systems (TMS) is a concept describing team members' awareness of knowledge possessed by their coworkers, which has been shown to be valuable for team effectiveness in learning, viability, and overall performance [15, 17, 22, 28]. Previous research on TMS has focused primarily on traditional face-to-face teams with only a few studies proposing that TMS development is more difficult in virtual teams. The goal of this research is to study TMS development in virtual teams through an empirical investigation. The first purpose of this research is to examine the impact of two factors -- shared identity and shared context -- on TMS development in virtual teams. Another purpose of this research is to investigate whether computer-mediated communication (CMC) used for group interaction will change the impact of shared identity and shared context. General methodology considerations are stated for future research that will subsequently be conducted.

Cited by 7

Information Technology is Changing People's Transactive Memory

BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks · 2017

Transactive Memory Theory was proposed by Wegner (1986). He considers that in addition to the memory owned by the individual, human has the ability to store memory with the aid of the external reality. Such externally stored memories contain messages that people rely on the memories of one and another other than memorandums and directory data. For instance, John has no idea of Mary's birthday, but he knows Jane remembers it. Therefore, he can know Mary's birthday by asking Jane instead of memorizing it by himself. In the studies for nearly 30 years in the past, the transactive memory theory proposed by Wegner (1986) has almost been applied to the level of the team. However, with the advancement of information technology and popularity of Internet, transactive memory is no longer limited to discussion of team work; rather, it can be further applied to studies in the individual level, just like Google effect and Cloud application.

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Organizational transactive memory systems : Review and extension

Peltokorpi, Vesa · Research Online (University of Wollongong) · 2012

The transactive memory system (TMS) concept has been extended from dyads and groups to organizations. While organizational TMS literature helps to understand how employees locate and utilize information based on their awareness of ''who knows what'' and ''who knows who,'' conceptual development is beneficial because TMS has been extended to organizations without clear definitions and levels-of-analysis rationale. Drawing from the social psychology and network literature, this paper identifies several aspects requiring further conceptual attention, and defines organizational TMS as overlapping networks of interdependent work groups that use each other as external cognitive aids to accomplish shared tasks. Suggestions for managing and measuring organizational TMS are provided.

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