Cohn, Neil · 2023
Comics are a global phenomenon, yet we can recognize the visual styles originating from comics in Asia, Europe, or the United States. Yet, might these visual narratives differ in more subtle ways? Might comics actually be drawn in different visual languages that vary in their structures across cultures, just like the variation in spoken languages? To address these questions, The Patterns of Comics carries out a sustained analysis on data of more than 36,000 panels from over 350 comics from Asia, Europe, and the United States. This data-driven approach reveals the balance between cross-cultural diversity and universals in the visual morphology, layout, and storytelling of various visual languages used in comics. It shows how comics from the United States and Europe have changed across 80 years, compares the differences within types of American comics and Japanese manga, and analyzes the formal properties of Bill Watterson’s Calvin and Hobbes across its entire 10-year run. Throughout, it not only uncovers the hidden complexity in the structures of comics, but reveals how these regularities in the visual languages of comics connect to the organizing principles of all languages. Just what are the patterns of comics?
Cited by 0
Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens Kew) · 2006
Cited by 0
Klomberg, Bien · Research portal (Tilburg University) · 2023
Cited by 0
Tal Lazar · 2025
Cited by 0
Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens Kew) · 2006
Cited by 0
2013
MORE THAN JUST A PICTURE Let’s think of the frame as more than just a picture — it is information. Clearly some parts of the information are more important than others, and we want this information to be perceived by the viewer in a certain order — we want the information organized in a particular way. Composition (and lighting, which can be part of composition) is how this is accomplished. Through composition we are telling the audience where to look, what to look at and in what order to look at it. The frame is fundamentally two-dimensional design. 2-D design is about guiding the eye and directing the attention of the viewer in an organized manner that conveys the meaning that you wish to impart. It is how we impose a point of view on the material that may be different from how others see it.
Cited by 0
Blain Brown · 2016
Cited by 0
Klomberg, Bien · Research portal (Tilburg University) · 2023
Cited by 0
Phil Jones · 2024
Cited by 0
Jia Wang · Asian Social Science · 2009
In visual communication the design information is mainly communicated by visual language, the correct use of which is the standard of evaluation of a graphic design composition. Therefore it is necessary to understand and percept visual language properly. It will be helpful for viewers to percept the desired information from the designer as well as the significance within the work.
Cited by 5Open access
Marriott, Kim · 1998
Cited by 0
William J. Buchanan · Elsevier eBooks · 1997
Cited by 2
Aniket Jadhav, Tejas Ulawekar, Shubham Kondhare et al. · 2025
Meaningful communication is a basic human need, and yet there are some people who make use of sign language to communicate with the spoken word and encounter serious obstacles. This disconnect can leave us feeling isolated and alienated. Our project aims to solve this issue by creating a system which recognizes few hand signs that real-time converts into spoken as well written text. Our aim is to create a solution that can enable efficient natural language processing and an efficient gesture recognition, which will be based on convolutional Networks (CNN) and deep learning technology. Our text prediction: It improves the translation provided in terms of accuracy and relevance, as well as shortens processing time and communication. CNNs are a type of deep models, and designed to process structured data represented in form of 2D grids or multiarray like digital images. They operate by extracting and understanding features from visual inputs, using a hierarchy of filters that automatically recognize different patterns at increasing levels. Sign language is a critical example of the nuanced gestures these features would enable us to better understand. Our system then generates and can identify these different hand movements quite accurately. This enables these same gestures to be translated effortlessly into both speech and text, thus improving communication for sign language dependent persons. In addition, our solution consists of leading-edge text prediction technologies for optimization in translation. The purpose of these algorithms — increasing the accuracy and relevance of translations while at the same time decreasing both processing times, rendering communication quicker and more natural.
Cited by 0Open access
SpringerReference · 2011
Cited by 0
Philip Campbell, JUAN ESPINOZA · OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) · 2001
In this paper we describe a new language, Visual Structure Language (VSL), designed to describe the structure of a program and explain its pieces. This new language is built on top of a general-purpose language, such as C. The language consists of three extensions: explanations, nesting, and arcs. Explanations are comments explicitly associated with code segments. These explanations can be nested. And arcs can be inserted between explanations to show data- or control-flow. The value of VSL is that it enables a developer to better control a code. The developer can represent the structure via nested explanations, using arcs to indicate the flow of data and control. The explanations provide a ''second opinion'' about the code so that at any level, the developer can confirm that the code operates as it is intended to do. We believe that VSL enables a programmer to use in a computer language the same model--a hierarchy of components--that they use in their heads when they conceptualize systems.
Cited by 0Open access
Michaël Hoste, Tom Mens · ORBi UMONS · 2010
Similarly to UML, Domain-Independent Models (DIM) are mainly used for documentation purpose and are too complex to be directly executed, even by code generation. Domain- Specific Models (DSM) can sometimes be executed, but their scope is so specific that the mechanism usually cannot be used for another purpose. It would be convenient to use a mechanism that will allow the creation of visual languages that will be directly executed into applications. We propose to get inspiration from dynamic languages, especially script- ing languages, and to adapt their approach to models in or- der to be able to execute a model directly, not for an entire application, but for a part of it. The goal of scripting lan- guages is to raise the level of abstraction of the host language and to delegate some work to an external language. With the help of two concrete examples, we will try to demonstrate that visual scripting languages can meet this objective bet- ter than textual scripting languages and that an application can evolve only by using script models.
Cited by 0
Xiaolin Li · arXiv (Cornell University) · 2025
We study visual representation learning from a structural and topological perspective. We begin from a single hypothesis: that visual understanding presupposes a semantic language for vision, in which many perceptual observations correspond to a small number of discrete semantic states. Together with widely assumed premises on transferability and abstraction in representation learning, this hypothesis implies that the visual observation space must be organized in a fiber bundle like structure, where nuisance variation populates fibers and semantics correspond to a quotient base space. From this structure we derive two theoretical consequences. First, the semantic quotient X/G is not a submanifold of X and cannot be obtained through smooth deformation alone, semantic invariance requires a non homeomorphic, discriminative target for example, supervision via labels, cross-instance identification, or multimodal alignment that supplies explicit semantic equivalence. Second, we show that approximating the quotient also places structural demands on the model architecture. Semantic abstraction requires not only an external semantic target, but a representation mechanism capable of supporting topology change: an expand and snap process in which the manifold is first geometrically expanded to separate structure and then collapsed to form discrete semantic regions. We emphasize that these results are interpretive rather than prescriptive: the framework provides a topological lens that aligns with empirical regularities observed in large-scale discriminative and multimodal models, and with classical principles in statistical learning theory.
Cited by 0Open access
Wendy Sandler, Marianne Gullberg, Carol Padden · Frontiers in Psychology · 2019
EDITORIAL article Front. Psychol., 02 August 2019Sec. Language Sciences https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01765
Cited by 8Open access
Xiaolin Li · ArXiv.org · 2025
We study visual representation learning from a structural and topological perspective. We begin from a single hypothesis: that visual understanding presupposes a semantic language for vision, in which many perceptual observations correspond to a small number of discrete semantic states. Together with widely assumed premises on transferability and abstraction in representation learning, this hypothesis implies that the visual observation space must be organized in a fiber bundle like structure, where nuisance variation populates fibers and semantics correspond to a quotient base space. From this structure we derive two theoretical consequences. First, the semantic quotient X/G is not a submanifold of X and cannot be obtained through smooth deformation alone, semantic invariance requires a non homeomorphic, discriminative target for example, supervision via labels, cross-instance identification, or multimodal alignment that supplies explicit semantic equivalence. Second, we show that approximating the quotient also places structural demands on the model architecture. Semantic abstraction requires not only an external semantic target, but a representation mechanism capable of supporting topology change: an expand and snap process in which the manifold is first geometrically expanded to separate structure and then collapsed to form discrete semantic regions. We emphasize that these results are interpretive rather than prescriptive: the framework provides a topological lens that aligns with empirical regularities observed in large-scale discriminative and multimodal models, and with classical principles in statistical learning theory.
Cited by 0Open access
Abu Dhabi, Descriptors Cognitive · 1999
Cited by 0