Karin Gottschall, Bernhard Kittel, Kendra Briken et al. · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · 2015
Waste collection is one of the long-established core public services provided at the local level. In many urban areas, public waste collection was established in the mid-19th century with the main aim of securing public health in an era of rapid urbanization and industrialization (Hafkamp 2002; Hemmer et al. 2003). Until the 1970s, municipal responsibility and service provision by a public workforce were major characteristics of the organization of waste collection throughout Europe (Hafkamp 2002, p. 13). Despite technical innovations that led to improvements of working conditions, waste collection is still very demanding in terms of human resources and remains largely heavy labour for employees (European Commission 2001, p. 19). Except for a few technical or coordinative professions, tasks are performed by drivers, collectors, and other manual occupations (European Commission 2001, p. 24). Workers often have little formal qualifications and belong to a group that is often affected by relatively low pay and high unemployment rates in the private sector (Sengenberger 1987; Keller 2008). By contrast, in the ‘Golden Age’ of TRUDI, the public sector constituted a large, protected, internal labour market with a high degree of job security and — for the lower pay grades, such as in the field of waste collection — pay premiums in comparison to the private sector (Sengenberger 1987; Tepe and Kroos 2010). Furthermore, employment regulations in the public sector often served as a reference point for those areas of the private sector where the service was publicly funded but provided by a private company, as in the case of private waste collection (Ambrosius 2008).
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McLeod, F.N., Cherrett, T.J. · ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) · 2011
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22CityView · Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens Kew) · 2019
Help us keep Cambridge clean and safe by following these tips for waste collection. Sort waste properly with the Get Rid of it Right tool. www.cambridgema.gov/recycle
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Passarini, Fabrizio · AMS Campus - AlmaDL · 2017
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Waste Info · 2013
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Ghulam Mustafa (458105), Naveed Hayat (21587030), Bader Alhafi Alotaibi (9427527) et al. · Figshare · 2025
<div> This study aims to evaluate the existing solid waste collection and management system available to households in Pakistan and to explore the factors affecting households’ cash payments for waste collection and disposal services. Robust least square regression is applied to household-level data from 16,155 households in the Pakistan Social Living Measurement Survey (PSLM) for 2019–2020. This method was chosen for its ability to handle outliers and provide more reliable estimates. On average, households pay PKR 214 (USD 1.01) per month for waste collection and disposal services. Households in Baluchistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa pay the highest amounts, while those in Sindh and Punjab pay less. Rural households pay more than urban households. Waste collection is primarily handled by private vans/carts, with doorstep collection being the most common method. The municipality’s role in waste collection at the doorstep is limited. Public bins and waste collection points are accessible to 83 percent of households, but their distant locations and infrequent emptying pose significant problems. These limitations highlight the need for improved municipal involvement and infrastructure. Results indicate that household income, education of the household head, age of the household head, gender of the household head, number of earners in the household, doorstep waste collection via private van/cart, availability of bins or waste collection points, distance from waste disposal facilities, bin or waste collection point clearance duration, house ownership, dwelling type, and number of rooms significantly affect households’ cash payments for waste collection services. To increase cash payments for waste collection services, waste management authorities should provide better and modern solid waste management systems. Upgrading existing systems can enhance households’ willingness to pay for these services. </div>
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Janine Edmonds · 2016
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Alessandra Bònoli · AMS Campus - AlmaDL · 2015
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TU/e Research Portal (Eindhoven University of Technology) · 2019
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Duprey, Steven B. · Michigan State University Libraries · 2000
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Alessandra Bònoli · AMS Campus - AlmaDL · 2015
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Duprey, Steven B. · Michigan State University Libraries · 2023
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Theo Mang · 2014
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Unknown · TU/e Research Portal (Eindhoven University of Technology) · 2019
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Natalie Howard · 2016
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Dellaert, B.G.C. · TU/e Research Portal
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ER Waste Services · 2007
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Alice Hydes · 2013
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Saurabh Dugdhe, Pooja A. Shelar, Sajuli Jire et al. · 2016
Waste is an important issue, which needs to be tackled smartly. Wisely, we segregate the waste at our homes for ease at processing and recycling. We observed trash vans/trucks come irregular to homes creating a havoc of households. Due to this many civilians empty their overloaded dustbins in open spaces. This in turn increases environmental pollution. We got inspired from “Swachh Bharat Abhiyan” which is a national campaign by the Government of India, to clean the streets, roads and infrastructure of the country. The citizens want to have better service, lower cost and having easy accessible reports on what has been done and how much it cost. The proposed system aims to schedule trucks by finding shortest path between the almost filled waste bins and bins which have produced harmful gases and gives a route for collection. The system will consist of setting up smart waste bins/ trash cans per society, which will be IoT enabled. These smart bins will transmit information about its fill status and harmful gas levels. Proposed system provides efficient and optimized routes to collect maximum waste with less cost and fuel. The system provides estimated dates for collection of waste, real time bin status, expected fill up dates for the bins, and optimized shortest path for waste collection. The system will summarize the collected information and generate reports.
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Claire Cooney · 2006
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