S. E. LaMacchia · IRE Transactions on Military Electronics · 1962
This paper summarizes several approaches to the problem of isolating faults in a complex system. The formulation of a diagnostic procedure involves 1) logical analysis techniques for the interpretation of results obtained from testing and 2) optimization techniques to insure that procedures employed in performing tests, selecting or sequencing tests, processing data, etc., are as efficient as possible. A procedure developed at Syracuse University, applicable when deterministic tests are used, is described. A model which extends the logical aspects of this procedure to the case when multiple failures can occur is presented. The problem of applying the figure of merit used in the single error case is discussed briefly. It is pointed out that the extended model is capable of handling a more general class of tests than those usually considered. A simple logic circuit is used to illustrate a test which will fail if two particular element failures occur together, but which will not fail if either one of the two failures occurs alone.
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Peter M. Hughes, R. W. Milkie · NASA Technical Reports Server (NASA) · 1964
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Ginger Schultz, J. M. Colebank · 1967
A major difficulty encountered in the manufacture of complex systems is the insurance of specification compliance of sub-assemblies at numerous points in the manufacturing process. An additional problem is encountered when historical data concerning any particular specification failure is required.
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Robert A. Kirkman · 2nd Annual Meeting · 1965
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Marvin S. Horovitz · 1969
The testing of a computer may take on many forms, one form is as follows. The computer may be tested in a segmented manner.
Cited by 2Open access
Joseph Heskin · 1961
Space vehicles and missiles have become so complec it is almost mandatory that they be tested by automatic methods under computer control for the following reasons:
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Carol Brooks, M. E. Rosenthal · NASA Technical Reports Server (NASA) · 1967
Automatic checkout in Saturn program, discussing automatic checkout equipment, stage systems, checkout languages and techniques
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Yang, Alex, Lew, Brian, Zhang, Joyce et al. · Summit (Simon Fraser University) · 2015
Stores have spent a lot of time and money trying to improve their wait time at the checkout. The average customer reportedly “feels like” they wait longer than they actually do, and this consequently has a negative impact on their shopping experience.\nAlthough currently there are many solutions which try to address this issue such as express lanes, self checkout systems, and different staffing techniques, none of these solutions addresses the problem head on. At ShopLite we are developing a LiteSpeed Gate which wirelessly scans items allowing shoppers to simply walk through and pay without having to unload and reload all of their merchandise.
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S. Sternberg · 1969
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S. Sternberg · Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists · 1969
Without computerized monitoring and checkout equipment, the development of Saturn 5-class rockets and Apollo-class spacecraft might have been impossible. This equipment in itself represents a significant advance in automation. Its impact on ordinary production and the reliability of consumer products appears to be incalculable. Here is one of the “inside” stories of Apollo. Sidney Sternberg is division vice-president and general manager of the RCA Electromagnetic and Aviation Systems.
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Dunlap and Associates, Inc. · The Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association
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R. S. Berkowitz, Faust,William G., Michael M. Vartanian · Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) · 1968
Experimental and theoretical studies were made for the validation of theoretical automatic checkout techniques. After a discussion of the state of art, detailed validation studies are described for three specific fault isolation techniques: the UNIVAC Key Element Search, the RCA-Test Point Algorithm Technique, and the University of Pennsylvania Statistical Estimation Fault Isolation Procedure. The extent to which such techniques can be applied to practical electronic circuits is determined; it is indicated that the procedure embodying estimation of component parameter values has most potential value as a general purpose fault isolation technique. Thorough discussions are presented of the experimental equipment designed and assembled, the FORTRAN programs written for the IBM-7094, and the PLACE programs written for the Bendix AN/GJQ-9 as required in the detailed validation studies. Additional contributions are presented concerning fault isolation of control systems as well as a variety of electronic systems with suggestions as to future Air Force efforts in the automatic checkout field. (Author)
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Leo V. Bjong · SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series · 1961
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Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) · 1961
The SCANS equipment shall be capable of surveillance of all C+C network equipment for detection of degradation of function, shall be capable of examining each piece of equipment in detail to isolate the degraded replaceable unit, shall be capable of introducing signals into the network, station, and system which simulate actual operation, and shall be capable of evaluating the responses of the network, station, or system to such simulated signals. The SCANS equipment shall be capable of demonstrating network, station, and system operability, shall generate signals for system, station, and network integration, and shall provide a means for establishing confidence in the network, station, and system.
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Dorothea H. Jirauch · IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems · 1967
As electronic devices became increasingly more complex, it was no longer feasible to test such mechanisms with traditional methods. With practically no transition period, the need for a new technology came into existence. The amazing lack of an organized approach in the development of automatic testing techniques has been a handicap to much needed progress. This paper discusses some of the many problem areas that should be considered in the design of the software for a sophisticated checkout project.
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В. В. Дементиенко, A.G. Markov, L. G. Koreneva et al. · Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering · 2001
A concept for designing automatic checkout systems to prevent drivers from falling asleep is presented. It is shown that such systems should use the frequency of electrodermal reactions (EDR), which is governed by changes in skin resistance. Such changes have a time constant of several seconds. To detect these reactions, a special technique was developed. Experimental investigations yielded the quantitative characteristics of EDR changes associated with decreased vigilance. It was found that, when a person started to fall asleep, the EDR frequency diminished. An EDR-based system was developed to assess the alertness level. Such a system may be employed to prevent drivers from falling asleep.
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Bakirci, M. · Theses database, Tilburg University · 2024
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Matthew C. Peterson, Robert A. Kirkman · IRE Transactions on Military Electronics · 1962
High-speed, digital, internally-programmed, automatic checkout equipment is a powerful test tool whose impact has not yet been felt in testing large complex systems. It has, in certain ways, much higher test capabilities than either a sequentially programmed machine or a human operator. For these capabilities to be harnessed, new test techniques are required to ensure that failures or weaknesses are detected and separated from normal drifts. These techniques involve the design-of-the-prime system to secure through instrumentation, wiring, test points, and other built-in provisions, precisely the kind and quantity of test data needed. The test techniques involve improvement of several present-day test practices. The selection of test points, for example, is based upon both broad and detailed quantitative factors related to probability-of-mission-success, and reliability, rather than upon intuition, but with ample opportunity for the exercise of the designer's judgment. In general, more data are required, but the pay-off is in greatly increased reliability and availability, together with lower net costs. The immediate objectives of failure detection, prediction, prevention, and isolation are defined and a test program is described whose purpose is to maximize the failure information content of the test data rather than to reconfirm abstract design parameters. One technique described is called ``inferential testing'' or ``introspective testing'' which, complemented by end-to-end testing, is especially powerful in testing closed-loop systems. Another approach and technique described is that of wringing all possible test data from a fixed set of test points by ``network testing.
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Robert A. Kirkman · IEEE Transactions on Aerospace · 1964
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B. Funderbunk · NASA Technical Reports Server (NASA) · 1967
Hardware, software, and evaluation of digital computer systems used in various phases of automatic space vehicle checkout
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