Rebecca P. Haberman (497379), Carlo Colantuoni (67660), Ming Teng Koh (497380) et al. · Figshare · 2015
<p><b>A</b>. Behaviorally characterized aged unimpaired (AU) and aged impaired (AI) rats were assigned to spatial (S) or non-spatial (NS) training conditions. S and NS groups were matched for learning index within each cognitive phenotype. Group mean is represented by horizontal dash. N=8 per group. <b>B</b>. During a probe trial administered 1 hour after the end of induction training, AU rats trained in the spatial condition showed a search bias for the platform location. For AU-S rats, time spent in target annulus was significantly greater than time spent in the opposite annulus (*, paired t-test, p=0.039) while no significant spatial bias was seen for AI-S rats (p=0.258). Error bars represent SEM.</p>
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Dev Chandra, Korpi, Esa R, Miralles, Celia P et al. · Figshare · 2011
<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "GABAreceptor γ2 subunit knockdown mice have enhanced anxiety-like behavior but unaltered hypnotic response to benzodiazepines"BMC Neuroscience 2005;6():30-30.Published online 25 Apr 2005PMCID:PMC1097738.Copyright © 2005 Chandra et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. (A-C) Elevated plus maze. Knockdown mice (A) entered open arms less often and (B) for less time, however, (C) total entries into arms did not differ from wild type mice. (D) Knockdown mice were also less active in the forced exploration test. The bars are means ± SEM. *p < .01, **p < .001.
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Kristin E. Padukiewicz
A unifying characteristic to the oft-debated limbic system concept has recently been discovered in the neurodevelopmental guidance protein LAMP (limbic system associated member protein, Lsamp the gene encoding). Lsamps targeted deletion provides a new avenue of research into the etiology of limbic-system associated disorders. Previous work has found neuroanatomical organization, sensory and motor development to be normal in Lsamp knock-out animals ( Lsamp-/-), but distinct behavioral differences from wild-type in their reduced anxiety and heightened reactivity to novelty. The current study utilized a light/dark task, Elevated Pluz Maze, general activity, and a discrimination and reversal cognitive paradigm to further characterize these animals. Across behavioral measures Lsamp -/- exhibited decreased anxiety and increased activity, and combined with previous social behavior abnormalities found, could forward them as a good model for studying the molecular mechanisms behind several psychiatric disorders. Unexpectedly there was no perceptible differences in almost all cognitive measures. This may be due to the deletion of Lsamp not resulting in structural changes that affect these mental processes, or that the problem set did not appropriately tap into the possibly affected functions, or did so only mildly. This work begins to satisfy the need for Face and Construct validity of the Lsamp-/-, with the goal of eventual predictive validity as a mouse model of human pathology.
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Dev Chandra, Korpi, Esa R, Miralles, Celia P et al. · Figshare · 2011
<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "GABAreceptor γ2 subunit knockdown mice have enhanced anxiety-like behavior but unaltered hypnotic response to benzodiazepines"BMC Neuroscience 2005;6():30-30.Published online 25 Apr 2005PMCID:PMC1097738.Copyright © 2005 Chandra et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. (A-C) Elevated plus maze. Knockdown mice (A) entered open arms less often and (B) for less time, however, (C) total entries into arms did not differ from wild type mice. (D) Knockdown mice were also less active in the forced exploration test. The bars are means ± SEM. *p < .01, **p < .001.
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William David Essman · Deep Blue (University of Michigan) · 1989
There are currently no well characterized sigma functional assays. Until such an assay is developed, the sigma site cannot be considered a true receptor, since by definition receptors must express functional consequences of binding. The present experiments represent an effort to develop an assay for sigma effects in rat observation procedures and pigeon drug discrimination experiments. In the rat observation procedures, analysis of the behaviors elicited by several putative sigma drugs did not reveal a clear sigma mediated syndrome. Instead, the behavioral properties of these compounds could generally be related to their effects at other receptor systems, e.g., dopaminergic, serotonergic, or PCP receptors. The syndrome engendered by di-ortho-tolyl-guanidine (DTG), however, could not be related to actions at other sites, nor could sideways walking (SW) produced by (+)3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-(propylpiperidine) ((+)3-PPP). These two drugs were chosen for analysis in drug interaction studies. In these experiments, (+)3-PPP-induced SW could not be linked to a sigma mechanism. Certain behavioral effects of DTG were attenuated by some (e.g., d-pentazocine, MR 2035) but not all (e.g., haloperidol) sigma compounds, although the doses of haloperidol studied were below its ED$\\sb{50}$ value for displacing sigma sites in vivo. The ability of (+)3-PPP to induce SW and DTG to engender its behavioral effects might be mediated through similar functional mechanisms, since pirenperone decreased SW and some of the behaviors elicited by DTG, and subchronic administration of DTG produced reductions in all DTG induced behaviors and in SW produced by (+)3-PPP. Pigeons trained to discriminate MR 2035 from saline did not provide irrefutable evidence for a sigma mediated interoceptive stimulus. Some sigma compounds substituted for MR 2035 (e.g., d-pentazocine, DTG), while others did not (e.g., (+)SKF 10,047, (+)3-PPP). The present experiments do not provide an unequivocal sigma functional assay. This does not mean that behavioral paradigms will not be useful in determining the functional interaction of drugs with the sigma site; however, the observation and drug discrimination procedures described above cannot be used for this purpose.
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Ron Weiss (22503), Osnat Bartok (547012), Shaul Mezan (34204) et al. · Figshare · 2015
<p>Behavioral analysis of flies maintained for 10 days in constant darkness (DD 1–10). Fly strains: TIM-CLKGR (<i>tim-gal4</i>; UAS-<i>ClkGR</i>), TIM-CLKGR(X2) (<i>tim-gal4</i>; UAS-<i>ClkGR/</i>UAS-<i>ClkGR</i>), TIMGAL4 (<i>tim-gal4/+</i>) and UAS-CLKGR (UAS-<i>ClkGR/+</i>). Period of rhythmic flies, rhythmic flies percentage and average power were calculated by chi square power p<0.05. SEM is shown in brackets.</p>
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Étienne Quertemont, Sophie Tambour, Ezio Tirelli · Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Liège) · 2004
Acetaldehyde, the first product of ethanol metabolism, has long been speculated to be involved in many of the behavioral effects of ethanol, although its precise role remains a matter of debate. However, most of the results supporting a role for acetaldehyde in ethanol’s effects come from studies in which ethanol metabolism was pharmacologically manipulated, whereas the behavioral properties of acetaldehyde itself are still largely unknown. In the present studies, we have characterized the locomotor, hypnotic, anxiolytic and amnesic effects of both ethanol and acetaldehyde in C57BL/6J and CD1 mice. Several classical behavioral tests were used: the open field, the loss of righting reflex, the plus-maze, the place conditioning and the passive avoidance. The results show that acetaldehyde similarly to ethanol induces sedation and hypnotic effects at high doses. In addition, acetaldehyde displays potent amnesic effects in the passive avoidance test, suggesting that the first metabolite of ethanol might be critically involved in the memory-impairing effects of ethanol. However, in contrast to ethanol, acetaldehyde does not show anxiolytic properties in the plus-maze. In a second part of the present studies, acetaldehyde contribution to ethanol’s behavioral effects was investigated by using several inhibitors of ethanol metabolism (3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, a catalase inhibitor, and disulfiram, an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor). Overall, the present results suggest that acetaldehyde is involved in some of ethanol’s behavioral effects (amnesia, locomotor depression, sedation) but not in others (in particular anxiolysis).
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Alex Collie, Paul Maruff, Jon Currie · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · 2002
Results from recent investigations of behavioral and genetic outcomes in older people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have been inconsistent. These conflicting results may be attributed to between-study differences in the diagnostic systems employed, as well as the use of unreliable neuropsychological measures. We investigated behavioral and genetic outcomes in older people classified as having MCI according to novel criterion that required evidence of cognitive impairment on three consecutive neurological/neuropsychological assessments. One hundred and seventy four healthy older people were evaluated semi-annually for 12 months. Of these, 23 subjects were rated as having MCI on three consecutive assessments and were compared to 23 matched control subjects. Subjects rated as impaired on one or two of the three semi-annual assessments were also identified. MCI and matched control groups were compared on a range of behavioral measures. The prevalence of the Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) allele was determined in all groups, and estimates of anxiety and depressive symptomatology were obtained. Subjective cognitive complaints were also assessed. Many subjects were classified as impaired on one or two assessments, however relatively few (n = 23) recorded consistent cognitive deficits. The most severe impairment observed in MCI subjects was on a test of pattern-location associative learning, however MCI subjects did not have insight into this impairment. The prevalence of the ApoE4 allele was not different between matched control and MCI groups. These results indicate that individuals with MCI can be differentiated from healthy older people and older people with transient cognitive impairments, but that such differentiation requires serial assessment of cognitive function.
Cited by 85
Gurdal Sahin (532900), Lachlan H. Thompson (532901), Sonia Lavisse (532902) et al. · Figshare · 2015
<p>Cylinder test is a well-established spontaneous motor test based on limb-use asymmetry known to be sensitive to graft-induced functional recovery (A). All animals were severely impaired in the use of left forelimb (contralateral to the lesion side, open bars in A). 5HT grafts were functionally ineffective, whereas DA grafts ameliorated the limb use deficit significantly at 12 weeks after grafting (Two-way ANOVA F (5,163) = 16.75, p<0.001; followed by pairwise comparison adjusted using Bonferroni, p<0.0083). The animals were then challenged with L-DOPA to assess if the grafts were able to modulate the dyskinesia that were established prior to transplantation (B; two-way ANOVA F (8,245) = 63.48, p = <0.001; followed by pairwise comparison adjusted using Bonferroni, p<0.0033). DA-cell rich grafts reduced the dyskinesia, while 5HT cells were ineffective or even aggravated the dyskinesia. Co-treatment of the animals with 5HT receptor 1A and 1B agonists (0.1 mg/kg 8-OH-DPAT and 1.75 mg/kg CP-94253) reduced the dyskinesia significantly in all groups (B). The residual abnormal movements were primarily due to differential duration of action of L-DOPA and the agonists (C). tx: transplantation, *: different from pre-tx baseline; +: different from post-tx 12 wks; #: different from 6OHDA lesion and 5HT groups.</p>
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Gregory A. Taylor, Ramona M. Rodriguiz, Robert I. Greene et al. · Genes Brain & Behavior · 2008
P311 is an 8-kDa protein that is expressed in many brain regions, particularly the hippocampus, cerebellum and olfactory lobes, and is under stringent regulation by developmental, mitogenic and other physiological stimuli. P311 is thought to be involved in the transformation and motility of neural cells; however, its role in normal brain physiology is undefined. To address this point, P311-deficient mice were developed through gene targeting and their behaviors were characterized. Mutants displayed no overt abnormalities, bred normally and had normal survival rates. Additionally, no deficiencies were noted in motor co-ordination, balance, hearing or olfactory discrimination. Nevertheless, P311-deficient mice showed altered behavioral responses in learning and memory. These included impaired responses in social transmission of food preference, Morris water maze and contextual fear conditioning. Additionally, mutants displayed altered emotional responses as indicated by decreased freezing in contextual and cued fear conditioning and reduced fear-potentiated startle. Together, these data establish P311 as playing an important role in learning and memory processes and emotional responses.
Cited by 34Open access
Li-Yun Tsai (503512), Yu-Wei Chang (34349), Pei-Yi Lin (503513) et al. · Figshare · 2015
<p>The anxiety level and exploratory behavior of WT and KO mice were assessed using the (<b>A</b>) open field and (<b>B</b>) elevated plus maze (EPM) tasks. (<b>A</b>) The mice were placed in an arena and recorded for 1 h. The entry times, staying duration and traveling distance in the center during the first 10 min movement were analyzed and presented as bar graphs. The total traveling distance in the arena in every 10 min for 1 h was shown. (<b>B</b>) The percentage of entry and staying duration into the open arms vs. the total arms in the 5 min recording of movement in the EPM was analyzed. (<b>C</b>) Motor coordination ability was assessed by the rotarod test. The latency in which the mouse was able to stay on the rotating rod of various speeds was analyzed. Numbers in parentheses denote the number of mice in each group used for the study. All of the data were expressed as the mean ± SEM.</p>
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Kyle Gallivan, Dennis Gannon, William Jalby et al. · 1989
The speed and efficiency of the memory system is a key limiting factor in the performance of supercomputers. Consequently, one of the major concerns when develop-ing a high-performance code, either manually or auto-matically, is deter mining and characterizing the influence of the memory system on performance in terms of algo-rithmic parameters. Unfortunately, the performance data available to an algorithm designer such as various bench-marks and, occasionally, manufacturer-supplied informa-tion, e.g. instruction timings and architecture compo-nent characteristics, are rarely suflicient for this task. In this paper, we discuss a systematic methodology for prob-ing the performance characteristics of a memory system via a hierarchy of data-movement kernels. We present and analyze the results obtained by such a methodology on a cache-based multi-vector processor (Alliant FX/8). Finally, we indicate how these experimental results can be used for predicting the performance of simple Fortran codes by a combination of empirical observations, archi-tectural models and analytical techniques. 1
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Overexpressing Dscr Rcan, Mara Dierssen, Gloria Arqué et al. · 2011
DSCR1 / RCAN1 is a chromosome 21 gene found to be overexpressed in the brains of Down syndrome (DS) and postulated as a good candidate to contribute to mental disability. However, even though Rcan1 knockout mice have pronounced spatial learning and memory deficits, the possible deleterious effects of its overexpression in DS are not well understood. We have generated a transgenic mouse model overexpressing DSCR1/RCAN1 in the brain and analyzed the effect of RCAN1 overexpression on cognitive function. TgRCAN1 mice present a marked disruption of the learning process in a visuo-spatial learning task. However, no significant differences were observed in the performance of the memory phase of the test (removal session) nor in a step-down passive avoidance task, thus suggesting that once learning has been established, the animals are able to consolidate the information in the longer term.
Cited by 0
Congyao Zha, Karine Gamache, Oliver Hardt et al. · Behavioural Brain Research · 2023
Cited by 4
Wandong Zhang (133483), Katerina V. Savelieva (133487), Adisak Suwanichkul (246975) et al. · Figshare · 2015
<p>Data are expressed as mean ±SD (N). Statistical analysis was performed for all assays.</p><p>*- p<0.05.</p><p>#- p = 0.07–0.09 from WT cohort mates (unpaired t-test). Mice with startle amplitudes less than 100 were excluded from PPI analysis. Mice that climbed tails were excluded from tail suspension analysis.</p>
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Wendy Portillo, Edwards Antonio-Cabrera, F. Camacho et al. · Hormones and Behavior · 2013
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Anthony W. Bannon, J Seda, Michelle Carmouché et al. · Brain Research · 2000
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Gary T. Leavens, Don Pigozzi · 1995
A model theory for correct behavioral subtyping for abstract data types (with immutable objects) is developed within the framework of the behavior-realization adjunction. To allow for incomplete specifications, proofs of correct behavioral subtyping are based on comparison to one of several paradigmatic models. For specifications that are not term-generated, these results are the first complete algebraic characterizations of behavioral subtyping.
Cited by 1
Fan, Nong, Chaiyakul, Viraphol, Gajski, Daniel D. · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · 2000
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Jessica Olson, Heather Aldrich, Tiffany J. Callahan et al. · Journal of Pediatric Health Care · 2015
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