Fujun Xu · IET conference proceedings. · 2025
As the Internet of Things develops rapidly, lightweight block ciphers have received widespread attention due to their efficient computing performance and resource consumption. SIMON is a well-known lightweight block cipher algorithm that has been adopted in many application scenarios due to its excellent hardware implementation performance. However, the security analysis of SIMON algorithm remains an important research topic. Differential cryptanalysis was initially proposed as a cryptanalysis method for DES, but it can still be effectively applied to cryptographic algorithms with similar structures and is one of the effective methods for attacking iterative block ciphers to date. This paper focuses on the Simon algorithm, first delving into its principles, covering the structural framework of the algorithm, including the setting of group length and key length, as well as the core nonlinear and linear transformation combination mechanism, such as bitwise XOR and cyclic shift operations in the round function and their association with the key, and the operational logic of the key orchestration scheme. Subsequently, the results of the differential cryptanalysis attack on the Simon algorithm will be elaborated in detail. By constructing a differential path and analyzing the relationship between input and output differentials, this provides a basis for further evaluating the security and improvement of the Simon algorithm.
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Sakshi Dhall, Saibal K. Pal, Kapil Sharma · 2014
The paper proposes an improved, modified version of block cipher PRESENT to make it suitable for use in multimedia applications. For encrypting multimedia one of the core requirements is that the scheme should be computationally less expensive so as to sustain the bulkiness attributed to multimedia. Though, PRESENT is a very lightweight block cipher and is found efficient for textual content yet it is not directly suitable for multimedia. This is because of its block-size limitation which limits the diffusion of redundancy within the block of plaintext encrypted. Hence, if the redundancy extends beyond the block size, the same redundancy gets reflected in the cipher and this is a situation which is practically present in all forms of multimedia. Thus, an attempt is made to overcome this limitation by introducing chaos within the operations performed during encryption. And along with this, focus is kept that the overall computational expense of the improved scheme is not increased much.
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Gorjan Alagic, Chen Bai, Christian Majenz et al. · ArXiv.org · 2025
Block ciphers are versatile cryptographic ingredients that are used in a wide range of applications ranging from secure Internet communications to disk encryption. While post-quantum security of public-key cryptography has received significant attention, the case of symmetric-key cryptography (and block ciphers in particular) remains a largely unexplored topic. In this work, we set the foundations for a theory of post-quantum security for block ciphers and associated constructions. Leveraging our new techniques, we provide the first post-quantum security proofs for the key-length extension scheme FX, the tweakable block ciphers LRW and XEX, and most block cipher encryption and authentication modes. Our techniques can be used for security proofs in both the plain model and the quantum ideal cipher model. Our work takes significant initial steps in establishing a rigorous understanding of the post-quantum security of practical symmetric-key cryptography.
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Okediran, Tunmbi Olayemi · Brno University of Technology Digital Library (Brno University of Technology) · 2022
Zavedli jsme novou vlastnost směšovacích vrstev blokových šifer. Tato vlastnost se nazývá non-type-preserving a zaručuje odolnost vůči algebraickým útokům na základě imprimitivity skupiny generované kruhovými funkcemi. Uvažovali jsme binární matici odpovídající směšovací vrstvě a dali jsme potřebné a dostatečné podmínky pro binární matici, která zajišťuje typ nezachovávající vlastnost. Pak jsme ukázali, že některé reálné šifry splňují tyto nezbytné a postačující podmínky, a proto jsou typ nezachovávající. Uvažované šifry byly GOST, PRESENT a AES. Nakonec jsme v kapitole 4 ukázali, že pokud míchací vrstva šifry SPN, která používá adiční modulo 2^n pro míchání klíčů, nezachovává typ, pak je skupina generovaná funkcí round primitivní.
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Block Cipher, Scott Contini, Ronald L. Rivest et al. · 1998
This report presents a preliminary analysis of the security offered by the RC6 TM block cipher. RC6 is an evolutionary improvement of RC5, designed to meet the requirements of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). Our analysis demonstrates that RC6 is highly resistant to differential and linear cryptanalytic attack, which are currently the two most effective analytical attacks on block ciphers. The data requirements to mount an attack using either of these two attacks exceeds the amount of available data with considerable margins for safety. 1 Contents 1 Introduction 5 1.1 Description of RC6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.2 Overview of this report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.3 Summary of current attacks against RC6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.3.1 Brute force attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.3.2 Analytical attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 I Differential Cryptanalysis 12 2 Overvi...
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Hamid Mala, AmirHosein Adavoudi, Seyed Farhad Aghili · 2016
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems are widely used today because of their low price, usability and being wireless. As RFID systems use wireless communication, they may encounter challenging security problems. Several lightweight encryption algorithms have been proposed so far to solve these problems. The RBS block cipher is one of these algorithms. In designing RBS, conventional block cipher elements such as S-box and P-box are not used. RBS is based on inserting redundant bits between altered plaintext bits using an encryption key K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">enc</sub> . In this paper, considering not having a proper diffusion as the main defect of RBS, we propose a chosen ciphertext attack against this algorithm. The data complexity of this attack equals to N pairs of text and its time complexity equals to N decryptions, where N is the size of the encryption key K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">enc</sub> .
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Wun‐She Yap · Siti Hasmah Digital Library-MMU Institutiona Repository (Multimedia University) · 2015
This thesis contributes to the security analysis of block ciphers and block cipher based constructions which include message authentication codes, block cipher modes of operation and image encryption schemes. First, we present the best cryptanalytic results on two block ciphers, namely, MISTY1 and SEED ciphers. These two block ciphers are the International Standardization of Organization (ISO) standards. More importantly, our results show that the MISTY1 cipher is distinguishable from an ideal cipher and thus cannot be regarded as an ideal cipher. We also present the first known cryptanalytic attack against the full CHAIN cipher based on a generalised impossible differential technique. Next, we analyse both parallelisable message authentication code (PMAC) and Galois/counter mode (GCM) against forgery and distinguishing attacks. PMAC is part of the offset codebook (OCB) mode. Both OCB and GCM are ISO standards for mode of operation and recommended by National Institute of Standards and Technology. More importantly, the attack techniques developed for GCM can be applied to Wegmen-Carter polynomial message authentication codes and counter mode encryption. Our analysis on PMAC highlights some pitfalls that designers should be mindful of when designing cryptographic schemes which exploit the same design component, specifically the constant generation method.
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Siddhartha Roy, Siddhartha Roy, Arpita Biswas et al. · KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems · 2021
In this fast-paced technological world, the Internet of Things is a ground breaking technology which finds an immense role in the present electronic world which includes different embedded sensors, devices and most other things which are connected to the Internet. The IoT devices are designed in a way that it helps to collect various forms of data from varied sources and transmit them in digitalized form. In modern era of IoT technology data security is a trending issue which greatly affects the confidentiality of important information. Keeping the issue in mind a novel light encryption strategy known as LCB is designed for IoT devices for optimal security. LCB exploits the benefits of Feistel structure and the architectural benefits of substitution permutation network both to give more security. Moreover, this newly designed technique is tested on (Virtex-7) XC7VX330T FPGA board and it takes much little area of 224 GE (Gate Equivalent) and is extremely fast with very less combinational path delay of 0.877 ns. An in-depth screening confirms the proposed work to promise more security to counter cryptographic attacks. Lastly the Avalanche Effect (AE) of LCB showed as 63.125% and 63.875% when key and plaintext (PT) are taken into consideration respectively.
Cited by 14Open access
Willi Meier · Lecture notes in computer science · 2007
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Scott Contini, Ronald L. Rivest, M. J. B. Robshaw et al. · 1998
This report presents a preliminary analysis of the security o ered by the RC6 TM block cipher. RC6 is an evolutionary improvement ofRC5, designed to meet the requirements of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). Our analysis demonstrates that RC6 is highly resistant to di erential and linear cryptanalytic attack, which are currently the two most e ective analytical attacks on block ciphers. The data requirements to mount an attack using either of these two attacks exceeds the amount of available data with considerable margins for safety. 1
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Manh Tuan Pham, Lam T. Vu, Moldovyan N.A. et al. · Applied Mathematical Sciences · 2013
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Salah Mahdi Saleh · Engineering and Technology Journal · 2009
In this paper, a secure data hiding method is introduced. It increases the security of embedded data through combining between the steganography and cryptography. First, the secrete message is divided into blocks with same size according to length of key stream that is generated using nonlinear key generator. This key is used to encrypt the first block in secret message using the stream cipher, whereas the other blocks are encrypted depending on the behavior of cipher block chaining (CBC) mode that turn on the stream cipher in order toguarantee no duplicated encrypted blocks. In our CBC mode the current ciphertext block will became a key stream to encrypt the next plaintext block, and so on. After encryption stage complete, the encrypted massage are embedded randomly in bmp image using LSB insertion method to increase the security.
Cited by 1Open access
Juanli Kuang, Ying Guo, Lang Li · KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems · 2023
The number of industrial Internet of Things (IoT) users is increasing rapidly.Lightweight block ciphers have started to be used to protect the privacy of users.Hardware-oriented security design should fully consider the use of fewer hardware devices when the function is fully realized.Thus, this paper designs a lightweight block cipher IIoTBC for industrial IoT security.IIoTBC system structure is variable and flexibly adapts to nodes with different security requirements.This paper proposes a 4×4 S-box that achieves a good balance between area overhead and cryptographic properties.In addition, this paper proposes a preprocessing method for 4×4 S-box logic gate expressions, which makes it easier to obtain better area, running time, and power data in ASIC implementation.Applying it to 14 classic lightweight block cipher S-boxes, the results show that is feasible.A series of performance tests and security evaluations were performed on the IIoTBC.As shown by experiments and data comparisons, IIoTBC is compact and secure in industrial IoT sensor nodes.Finally, IIoTBC has been implemented on a temperature state acquisition platform to simulate encrypted transmission of temperature in an industrial environment.
Cited by 5Open access
Dheeraj Singh, Manoj Kumar, Tarun Yadav · Defence Science Journal · 2024
Rapid technological developments prompted a need to do everything from anywhere and that is growing due to modern lifestyle. The Internet of Things (IoT) technology is helping to provide the solutions by inter-connecting the smart devices. Lightweight block ciphers are deployed to enable the security in such devices. In this paper, a new lightweight block cipher RAZOR is proposed that is based on a hybrid design technique. The round function of RAZOR is designed by mixing the Feistel and substitution permutation network techniques. The rotation and XOR based diffusion function is applied on 32-bit input with 8 branches and branch number 7 to optimize the security. The strength of RAZOR is proved against differential, linear, and impossible differential attacks. The number of active S-boxes in any 5-round differential characteristic of RAZOR is 21 in comparison to the 10, 6, 4, 7, and 6 for PRESENT, Rectangle, LBlock, GIFT, and SCENERY respectively. RAZOR provides better security than the existing lightweight designs. The average throughput of 1.47 mega bytes per second to encrypt the large files makes it a better choice for software oriented IoT applications.
Cited by 4Open access
M. Kiran Reddy . · International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology · 2014
Network security is one of the major concerns in the modern world. In this regard, a strong security technique is required to protect user data. Cryptography techniques plays an important role in secured transmission through encryption of data and thus ensuring integrity, authenticity, confidentiality of information. Several encryption algorithms have been proposed like AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), DES (Data Encryption Standard) and RSA. These provide very good encryption for text applications. However, these encryption schemes appear not to be ideal for image applications. Some algorithms like GKSBC and RC6 provide very good encryption for digital images. New techniques are emerging that are aimed at providing secured transmission of images over networks. The FBDK (Fixed Block with Dynamic Key Size) block cipher is a new cryptography technique designed using simple operations like XOR, substitutions, circular shifting. The FBDK algorithm is applicable for blocks of any size with key size being dynamic for each block. It does not involve any complex mathematical operations like modular exponentiation. It is a hybrid cryptography technique based on symmetric key and asymmetric key cryptosystems. This paper investigates the security of FBDK block cipher for digital images against brute-force attack, statistical analysis and Differential analysis attacks. In this paper, various security analysis tests has been discussed which are helpful in finding out whether the FBDK encryption algorithm can do secure encryption or not. Experimental results proves the security and efficiency of FBDK cipher for images against all aforementioned types of attacks which justifies its consideration for real time image applications.
Cited by 1Open access
Aruna K. Gupta, T. Sasikala · International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems · 2025
As the proliferation of resource-constrained devices continues in various application domains, the need for energy-efficient cryptographic algorithms becomes paramount for ensuring their security. Lightweight block ciphers play a crucial role in securing communication and data integrity in resource-poor environments. This paper presents the design, simulation, and evaluation of a novel symmetric Energy Efficient Lightweight Block Cipher (EE-LBC), tailored for such environments, which employs a balanced combination of substitution-permutation network (SPN) structure with larger diffusion and substitution box activation properties to achieve high security with minimal energy consumption and implementation cost. Through rigorous cryptanalysis and performance evaluations, EE-LBC demonstrates superior throughput and efficiency compared to prevailing lightweight block ciphers, making it an ideal choice for securing resource-constrained network.
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Tzonelih Hwang, Prosanta Gope · Security and Communication Networks · 2016
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TR Lee (15817316), Je Sen Teh (17324902), JLS Yan (17400643) et al. · Figshare · 2020
Cited by 5Open access
M. Kiran Reddy, K. J. Jegadish Kumar · 2015
Network security is one of the major concerns in the modern world. In this regard, a strong security technique is required to protect user data. Cryptography techniques plays an important role in secured transmission through encryption of data and thus ensuring integrity, authenticity, confidentiality of information. Several encryption algorithms have been proposed like AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), DES (Data Encryption Standard) and RSA. These provide very good encryption for text applications. However, these encryption schemes appear not to be ideal for image applications. Some algorithms like GKSBC and RC6 provide very good encryption for digital images. New techniques are emerging that are aimed at providing secured transmission of images over networks. The FBDK (Fixed Block with Dynamic Key Size) block cipher is a new cryptography technique designed using simple operations like XOR, substitutions, circular shifting. The FBDK algorithm is applicable for blocks of any size with key size being dynamic for each block. It does not involve any complex mathematical operations like modular exponentiation. It is a hybrid cryptography technique based on symmetric key and asymmetric key cryptosystems. This paper investigates the security of FBDK block cipher for digital images against brute-force attack, statistical analysis and Differential analysis attacks. In this paper, various security analysis tests has been discussed which are helpful in finding out whether the FBDK encryption algorithm can do secure encryption or not. Experimental results proves the security and efficiency of FBDK cipher for images against all aforementioned
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Arzieva Jamila Tileubaevna, Tlemisov Ilham Kongratbay Ulı, Seytniyazov Nawriz · CyberLeninK (CyberLeninka)
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