Thierry Bardini · Stanford University Press eBooks · 2000
Bootstrapping analyzes the genesis of personal computing from both technological and social perspectives, through a close study of the pathbreaking work of one researcher, Douglas Engelbart. In his lab at the Stanford Research Institute in the 1960s, Engelbart, along with a small team of researchers, developed some of the cornerstones of personal computing as we know it, including the mouse, the windowed user interface, and hypertext. Today, all these technologies are well known, even taken for granted, but the assumptions and motivations behind their invention are not. Bootstrapping establishes Douglas Engelbart's contribution through a detailed history of both the material and the symbolic constitution of his system's human-computer interface in the context of the computer research community in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s. Engelbart felt that the complexity of many of the world's problems was becoming overwhelming, and the time for solving these problems was becoming shorter and shorter. What was needed, he determined, was a system that would augment human intelligence, co-transforming or co-evolving both humans and the machines they use. He sought a systematic way to think and organize this coevolution in an effort to discover a path on which a radical technological improvement could lead to a radical improvement in how to make people work effectively. What was involved in Engelbart's project was not just the invention of a computerized system that would enable humans, acting together, to manage complexity, but the invention of a new kind of human, "the user." What he ultimately envisioned was a "bootstrapping" process by which those who actually invented the hardware and software of this new system would simultaneously reinvent the human in a new form. The book also offers a careful narrative of the collapse of Engelbart's laboratory at Stanford Research Institute, and the further translation of Engelbart's vision. It shows that Engelbart's ultimate goal of coevolution came to be translated in terms of technological progress and human adaptation to supposedly user-friendly technologies. At a time of the massive diffusion of the World Wide Web, Bootstrapping recalls the early experiments and original ideals that led to today's "information revolution."
Cited by 162
Frank da Cruz · Elsevier eBooks · 1987
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The MIT Press eBooks · 2021
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Duncan Cramer, Dennis Howitt · The SAGE Dictionary of Statistics · 2004
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Colin Berry, Jason M. Meyer, Marjorie A. Hoy et al. · 2008
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2008
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2024
Citation: 'bootstrapping' in the IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed.; International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; 2025. Online version 5.0.0, 2025. 10.1351/goldbook.10086 • License: The IUPAC Gold Book is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike CC BY-SA 4.0 International for individual terms. Requests for commercial usage of the compendium should be directed to IUPAC.
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Benjamin, Stuart M. · Law and Contemporary Problems · 2012
Virtually every action depends on some conditions precedent. Law is no exception. The common law and precedent involve reliance on earlier developments, as do more particularized phenomena like slippery slopes and path dependence. In some situations, an actor undertakes permissible action Y and thereby renders its action Z legally permissible, a phenomenon I refer to as bootstrapping. Some commentators have raised concerns about the consequences of allowing bootstrapping, notably in the context of the individual mandate in the 2010 health care act. In this article I consider whether we, as citizens, should find bootstrapping, or a particular category of bootstrapping, particularly troubling. Bootstrapping is ubiquitous, so disallowing all bootstrapping by government actors would render the government unable to act. And I find that most possible distinctions are not useful. The one possible exception is a distinction between simultaneous and nonsimultaneous bootstrapping, as the former presents a situation in which the bootstrap is certain. Disfavoring simultaneous bootstrapping will do both too little (to the President) and too much (to Congress). I conclude that the costs of disfavoring some bootstrapping outweigh the benefits.
Cited by 0Open access
Benjamin, Stuart M. · 2012
Virtually every action depends on some conditions precedent. Law is no exception. The common law and precedent involve reliance on earlier developments, as do more particularized phenomena like slippery slopes and path dependence. In some situations, an actor undertakes permissible action Y and thereby renders its action Z legally permissible, a phenomenon I refer to as bootstrapping. Some commentators have raised concerns about the consequences of allowing bootstrapping, notably in the context of the individual mandate in the 2010 health care act. In this article I consider whether we, as citizens, should find bootstrapping, or a particular category of bootstrapping, particularly troubling. Bootstrapping is ubiquitous, so disallowing all bootstrapping by government actors would render the government unable to act. And I find that most possible distinctions are not useful. The one possible exception is a distinction between simultaneous and nonsimultaneous bootstrapping, as the former presents a situation in which the bootstrap is certain. Disfavoring simultaneous bootstrapping will do both too little (to the President) and too much (to Congress). I conclude that the costs of disfavoring some bootstrapping outweigh the benefits.
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Dominique Haughton, Jonathan Haughton · 2011
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David B. Hibbert · IUPAC Standards Online · 2017
Recommendations are given concerning the terminology relating to chemometrics. Building on ISO definitions of terms for basic concepts in statistics the vocabulary is concerned with mainstream chemometric methods. Where methods are used widely in science, definitions are given that are most useful to chemical applications. Vocabularies are given for general data processing, experimental design, classification, calibration and general multivariate methods.
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The SAGE Encyclopedia of Research Design · 2022
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2008
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Jeffrey R. Cornwall, David O. Vang, Jean M. Hartman · 2024
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Steven Abney · 2002
This paper refines the analysis of cotraining, defines and evaluates a new co-training algorithm that has theoretical justification, gives a theoretical justification for the Yarowsky algorithm, and shows that co-training and the Yarowsky algorithm are based on di#erent independence assumptions.
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The SAGE Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods · 2017
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Luke Keele · 2007
This chapter contains sections titled: Classical Inference Bootstrapping – An Overview Bootstrapping Nonparametric and Semiparametric Regression Models Conclusion Exercises
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Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods · 2008
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Felix Bittmann · 2021
Bootstrapping is a conceptually simple statistical technique to increase the quality of estimates, conduct robustness checks and compute standard errors for virtually any statistic. This book provides an intelligible and compact introduction for students, scientists and practitioners. It not only gives a clear explanation of the underlying concepts but also demonstrates the application of bootstrapping using Python and Stata.
Cited by 13
Jeffrey R. Cornwall, David O. Vang, Jean M. Hartman · 2019
Cited by 1