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About 10,000 papers for “comparative probability”

Quantum probability and comparative cognition

Randolph C. Grace, Simon Kemp · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · 2013

Evolution would favor organisms that can make recurrent decisions in accordance with classical probability (CP) theory, because such choices would be optimal in the long run. This is illustrated by the base-rate fallacy and probability matching, where nonhumans choose optimally but humans do not. Quantum probability (QP) theory may be able to account for these species differences in terms of orthogonal versus nonorthogonal representations.

Cited by 2

Comparative analysis for priority probability.

Turki M. Alanazi (17990269), Noha Alduaiji (13578097), Chahira Lhioui (21702930) et al. · Figshare · 2025

<div> Wearable sensor (WS) technology in healthcare is essential because it makes medical diagnosis easier by continuously monitoring important changes in an individual’s body. This technology is used to detect aberrant occurrences and predict medical dangers. A central connecting unit is used to stream and send accurate observations to improve the quality of medical diagnosis. In this paper, we present a Fair Dividend Interrupt Method (FDIM), a new way to arrange and improve the efficiency of combining WS inputs. This approach employs federated learning to prioritize interruptions based on their importance and WS criteria. This leads to well-structured streaming periods across numerous connecting devices, guaranteeing continuous sequences. The sequence determination uses balanced linear scheduling, optimizing the structure of sensing operations and increasing WS input availability when interruptions from multiple sensors, thereby boosting operating efficiency. The proposed approach outperforms baseline methods in access time, computational complexity, data utilization, processing time, aggregation ratio, and error rate by 10.18%, 5.19%, 10.57%, 8.48%, and 10.42%, respectively. Due to these developments, FDIM is now a highly efficient, scalable solution for wearable healthcare systems that allows accurate medical decision-making. </div>

Cited by 0Open access

Comparing Probability Densities: A Comparative Approach

Luciano da Fontoura Costa · SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository · 2022

Probability densities, characterized by non-negativity and normalization, are among the most important concepts underlying analysis and modeling the physical sciences from both theoretical and applied perspectives. The great relevance of this topic is readily accounted, among other facts, by the several approaches that have been used to compare two given densities. In this work, we report a comparison of several approaches for comparing statistical densities, including Kolmogorov-Smirnov, normalized Euclidean distance, Pearson, Kendall, and Spearman correlations, as well as the real-valued interiority, Jaccard and coincidence similarity indices, while considering several respective parametric variations. The comparison indices are then compared themselves by using the coincidence method for translating datasets into networks. Several interesting results are described regarding the comparison of two 1D normal densities, one with parameters kept fixed and the other with varying mea and standard deviation. Interesting results are obtained that not only confirm the highest selectivity and sensitivity of the coincidence index, but also indicate that all the three multiset-based indices tend to be more selective and stable.

Cited by 0Open access

The Enumeration of Comparative Probability Relations

Terrence L. Fine, John Gill · The Annals of Probability · 1976

An attempt is made to enumerate the distinct antisymmetric comparative probability relations on sample spaces of $n$ atoms. The results include an upper bound to the total number of such relations and upper and lower bounds to the size of the subset of the comparative probability relations admitting an agreeing probability measure as representation. The theoretical results are supplemented by computer enumerations for $n \leqq 6$. The upper and lower bounds for the case of agreeing probability measures are both $$O(3^{\alpha n^2})\quad \text{for} \log_2(3^{\frac{1}{2}}) \leqq \alpha \leqq 1.$$

Cited by 18Open access

A Critical Evaluation of Comparative Probability

Vincenzo Fano · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · 2011

In recent times a partially logical perspective on probability has come back into fashion.1 The deepest modern formulation of the concept of probability is certainly that of John Maynard Keynes's A Treatise on Probability (Keynes, 1973 [1921], hereafter TP). Elsewhere (Fano, 1999) I have shown that Carnap's logical approach (1950), which attempts to avoid Keynes's reference to the concept of intuition, is obliged to move towards a weakening of his logistic perspective, from both a formal and an epistemological point of view, which results in a more complex position, closer to that of the Keynes's TP (Carnap, 1968). Here I would like to retrieve a Keynesian perspective on two aspects: first, proceeding from the datum that most probabilistic evaluations are comparative, not quantitative;2 second, naturalizing the procedures of ascription of initial probabilities, reaching back beyond Keynes to von Kries (1886), as has been recently presented by Heidelberger (2001).3 KeywordsProbability MeasureComparative ProbabilityInductive LogicRational BeliefLogical TruthThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Cited by 1

Probability visualization of 3 comparative classifiers.

Sunghoon Im (6427148), Taewi Kim (17419613), Choongki Min (17419616) et al. · Figshare · 2023

&lt;p&gt;(A) Random Forest classifier, (B) K-Nearest Neighbors, (C) Multi-layer perceptron.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;(TIF)&lt;/p&gt;

Cited by 0Open access

Comparative Probability Orders and the Flip Relation

Marston Conder, Dominic Searles, Arkadii Slinko · 2007

In this paper we study the flip relation on the set of comparative probability orders on n atoms introduced by Maclagan (1999). With this relation the set of all comparative probability orders becomes a graph Gn. Firstly, we prove that any comparative probability order with an underlying probability measure is uniquely determined by the set of its neighbours in Gn. This theorem generalises the theorem of Fishburn, Pekeč and Reeds (2002). We show that the existence of the underlying probability measure is essential for the validity of this result. Secondly, we obtain the numerical characteristics of the flip relation in G6. Thirdly, we prove that a comparative probability order on n atoms can have in Gn up to φn+1 neighbours, where φn is the nth Fibonacci number. We conjecture that this number is maximal possible. This partly answers a question posed by Maclagan.

Cited by 0

Comparative study of ecohydrological streamflow probability distributions

Serena Ceola, Gianluca Botter, Enrico Bertuzzo et al. · Water Resources Research · 2010

We run a comparative study of ecohydrological models of streamflow probability distributions (pdfs), p ( Q ), derived by Botter et al. (2007a, 2009), against field data gathered in different hydrological contexts. Streamflows measured in several catchments across various climatic regions of northeastern Italy and the United States are employed. The relevance of the work stems from the implied analytical predictive ability of hydrologic variability, whose role on stream and riparian ecological processes and large‐scale management schemes is fundamental. The tools employed are analytical models of p ( Q ) (and of the related flow duration curve, D ( Q )) derived by coupling suitable storage‐discharge relations with a stochastic description of streamflow production through soil moisture dynamics, and are expressed as a function of few macroscopic rainfall, soil, vegetation and geomorphological parameters. In this work we compare the performances of a recent version of the model (which includes the effects of nonlinear subsurface storage‐discharge relations) to those provided by the linear version through the application of the models to 13 test catchments belonging to various climatic and geomorphic contexts. A general agreement between predicted and observed daily streamflows pdfs is shown, though differences emerge between the linear and the nonlinear approaches. In particular, by including the effects of a nonlinear storage‐discharge relation the model accuracy is shown to increase with respect to the linear scheme in most examined cases. We show that this is not simply attributable to the added parameter but corresponds to a proper likelihood increase. The nonlinear model is shown to exhibit three basic forms for p ( Q ) (monotonically decreasing with an atom of probability in Q = 0, bell‐shaped with the mode close to zero, bell‐shaped with the mode close to the mean), corresponding to different hydrologic regimes which are clearly detectable in field data. Inferences on the nonlinear character of the relation between subsurface storage and discharge from observed p ( Q ) are finally drawn.

Cited by 70Open access

Comparative Study of Verse: Language Probability Models

Evgenii Kazartcev · Style · 2014

Abstract Russian verse studies are characterized by a distinctive tradition of applying quantitative methods to analyze poetic texts. The development of this tradition in the late 20th and early 21st century led to the formation of a cognitive poetics that uses methods of modeling processes of versification. This paper extends these methods to the comparative study of the processes involved in the emergence and development of analogous versification systems in different languages. In particular, the paper studies the origins and early phases of the evolution of syllabo-tonic versification in the 16-18th centuries in English, Dutch, German, and Russian. It shows that the German type of versification differs significantly from both the English and the Dutch. This difference is apparent in the greater constraints on versification and in the lesser degree of freedom it displays in the realization of rhythm-forming units. Due to the analogous conditions under which it emerged, early examples of Russian verse display similar constraints.

Cited by 10

Comparative Descriptive Statistics of Skewed Probability Distributions

Matthew Fewell · Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) · 2004

This report addresses a technical issue in the current practice of operational analysis (OA). Increasingly, OA studies involve simulations of varying levels of sophistication. A feature of all simulations is the use of random variables, and this immediately raises the question of what distribution to employ. Should the random variable be taken as uniformly distributed over some range, should it follow a bell curve with some mean and standard deviation, or should it be exponentially distributed? Sometimes there are methodological or theoretical arguments favoring a particular distribution. In their absence, the modeler is forced to make an arbitrary choice of distribution, motivated perhaps by ease of use or personal familiarity. It then becomes interesting to know how sensitive the results of the analysis are to the choice of distribution: if another had been chosen, would the conclusions have been different? This report is a brief handbook on the comparative descriptive statistics of a wide variety of skewed probability distributions, both continuous and discrete. The aim is to facilitate the comparison of different distributions for use where random variables are employed without any firm information on their probability distributions. In this situation it is of interest to look for sensitivity to the distribution chosen. This can best be done by running the model with a variety of distributions, which then raises the question of how to compare distributions. The report advocates the use of moments and presents the requisite equations. As obvious as this approach may appear, many of the equations do not seem to have been published previously and some of the results are apparently wholly new. A total of 18 distributions are treated in detail, including all of the most commonly used skewed probability distributions.

Cited by 1

ON THE PROBABILITY/POSSIBILITY TRANSFORMATIONS:A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Mourad Oussalah · International Journal of General Systems · 2000

In this paper, we investigate some of the most common probability/possibility transformations found in the literature. Some meaningful criteria, on which the performance of these transformations are evaluated and compared, will be proposed. It concerns respectively the specificity order, i.e., the specificity value of the resulting distributions, the strength of the preference preservation, or in other words, how is the behavior of the result when initial points are close to each other with some strength or according to some function. The third one is related to the result of the transformation where initial distribution tends towards the ignorance state. Finally, we study the influence of incomplete data (subnonnal distribution) to the result of each transformation. This analysis will be illustrated with some theoretical foundation and followed with some numerical examples.

Cited by 54

Comparative Study on Probability Distributions of Riser Responses

Curtis Armstrong, Christopher Dunn, Christopher Chin et al. · UTAS Research Repository · 2018

The responses of a flexible riser caused by motions of a weather-vaning FPSO subjected to two cyclonic storm events are investigated numerically. The objective was to comparatively study probability distributions of the riser responses to determine their statistical properties and the distribution types appropriate for particular responses. This will contribute to a method for the prediction of the extreme responses of the flexible riser during cyclonic events. Simulations of the riser responses in two cyclonic storm events were conducted including effects of wind, waves and current. Several types of probability distributions were fitted to the generated datasets using maximum likelihood estimates. Distributions tested included Rayleigh, Normal, Lognormal, Weibull, Generalized Extreme Value, Gamma, Burr, Birnbaum-Saunders and Beta. In addition, Hermite moment models were fitted in an attempt to use a single probabilistic model for all responses. A comparison was conducted using the goodness of fit tests to determine the distribution that best represented the generated data. Hermite moment models based on four moments produced good fits across both storm cases and for the majority of responses. The findings of this study provide foundations for development of more bespoke distributions for riser responses. The implication of using appropriate parent distributions for short and long term response analysis and the association between parent and extreme value distributions in both time and frequency domain contexts are discussed.

Cited by 0

Two-Parameter Probability Distributions: Methods, Techniques and Comparative Analysis

Cristian Gabriel Anghel, Stefan Ciprian Stanca, Cornel Ilinca · Water · 2023

Considering the wide applicability of two-parameter distributions in the frequency analysis of extreme events, this article presents new elements regarding the use of thirteen two-parameter probability distributions, using three parameter estimation methods. All the necessary elements for the application of these distributions are presented using the method of ordinary moments (MOM), the method of linear moments (L-moments) and the method of high order linear moments (LH-moments). Only these three methods are analyzed, because they are usually applied in the analysis regarding the regionalization of extreme events. As a case study, the frequency analysis of the maximum annual flows on the Siret River, Lungoci station, Romania, was made. For the recommended methods (L- and LH-moments), from the thirteen analyzed distributions, the log-normal distribution had the best results, with the theoretical values L-coefficient of variation and L-kurtosis (0.297, 0.192, 0.323, 0.185, 0.336, and 0.185) best approximating the corresponding values of the recorded data (0.339, 0.185, 0.233, 0.199, 0.198, and 0.205).

Cited by 9Open access

Polynomial chaos in evaluating failure probability: A comparative study

Eliška Janouchová, Jan Sýkora, Anna Kučerová · Applications of Mathematics · 2018

Recent developments in the field of stochastic mechanics and particularly regarding the stochastic finite element method allow to model uncertain behaviours for more complex engineering structures.In reliability analysis, polynomial chaos expansion is a useful tool because it helps to avoid thousands of time-consuming finite element model simulations for structures with uncertain parameters.The aim of this paper is to review and compare available techniques for both the construction of polynomial chaos and its use in computing failure probability.In particular, we compare results for the stochastic Galerkin method, stochastic collocation, and the regression method based on Latin hypercube sampling with predictions obtained by crude Monte Carlo sampling.As an illustrative engineering example, we consider a simple frame structure with uncertain parameters in loading and geometry with prescribed distributions defined by realistic histograms.

Cited by 2