André Soares Motta-Santos (17442430), Leonardo Costa Ribeiro (10439243), Jeff Gow (3402632) et al. · Figshare · 2025
<div> BACKGROUND Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are revolutionizing healthcare treatments due to their high efficacy and relative safety, despite their cost. Since they first appeared in the late 1980s, a rapidly growing market has developed. OBJECTIVE This study aims to analyze concentration levels in the market for mAb innovations through a quantitative patent analysis. Data were analyzed using traditional concentration indicators such as the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index and Concentration Ratio, as well as linear regression and kernel density graphs to evaluate innovation and global technology dissemination strategies. The starting point was patents associated with mAbs registered by the FDA and identified in the IQVIA database up until 2019, and supplemented by data from The Antibody Society, Purple Book, Orange Book, and FDA. RESULTS Our findings indicate that the market for mAb innovations is moderately concentrated for general patents and unconcentrated for priority patents. However, it is significantly more concentrated than the market for chemical drug innovations. The mAb patent families tend to generate more progeny patents, although they are deposited in fewer countries. Chemical drug patents spread faster. Some companies seem to be central to the development of mAbs worldwide, including Roche, PDL, City of Hope, and Celltech. Other important players in the mAb innovation market are AbbVie, Amgen, Novartis, GSK, Biogen, BMS, Regeneron, J&J, and AstraZeneca. The most relevant patents in the analysis are associated with methods and procedures to obtain mAbs, not with molecules themselves. CONCLUSION The concentration in the mAb innovation market is higher than the concentration in the market for chemical drugs innovations. Our findings also indicate that expertise in mAbs development and production is concentrated in a few countries. Additionally, our study identified that a few key players from high-income countries are driving innovation in the mAb market. </div>
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Anish Vanaik · 2019
Subject Modern History (1700 to 1945) Social and Cultural History Collection: Oxford Scholarship Online
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Workpackage Leader, I. N. L. G. Schagen · 1990
This is an ITS Working Paper produced and published by the University of Leeds. ITS Working Papers are intended to provide information and encourage discussion on a topic in advance of formal publication. They represent only the views of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the views or approval of the sponsors. White Rose Repository URL for this paper:
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Aufranc, C., Stézowski, O. · SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository · 2019
International audience
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Dengpan Mou · 2010
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F-S Liou, M.C. Belcher · Civil-comp proceedings · 2009
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Wissmann, W. · Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft) · 1987
S.288-291 : Abb.,Tab.
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Marko Anzelak, MorakG., Wolfgang Ebner et al. · 2011
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Spencer J. Mitchell (10661639), Deeptak Verma (179954), Karl E. Griswold (228273) et al. · Figshare · 2021
<p>A breakdown, by organism, of the counts of the initial sets of sequences with relevant annotation for peptidoglycan binding and catalysis function; representative seed sequences; identified sequence homologs; those homologs with catalytic domains; unique architectures; domain sequences; domain types; RUF sequences; and clustered RUFs.</p>
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傅小兰, 赵科, 陈通 · Institutional Repository of Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) · 2019
现实生活中，人们有时候通过面部表情来伪装或掩饰其真实的情感。例如强颜欢笑，即通过高兴的面部表情掩饰内心的悲伤情绪。研究者Ekman 主要将表情控制分为三种方式，即抑制或中性化、掩饰和模拟。以往研究者大多集中在表情抑制(如在保持面无表情条件下观看视频)或模拟(如在观看中性图片时做出高兴表情)，创建了大量表情数据库和微表情数据库。很少有研究者采用掩饰的方式(即在一种情绪感受下做出另一种表情来掩饰)创建伪装表情数据库。
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Chinyere Akobundu, Nneka Richard-Nnabu, S James et al. · International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering · 2020
There are a number of scientific issues whose solutions require advanced database construction and retrieval techniques. One of such is in dealing with hierarchical database projects. Researchers have attempted to use a number of technological tools and techniques in this regard. This work utilizes Recursive Common Table Expressions (RCTE) to tackle this problem. The three objectives of this work are to demonstrate the construction of a small scale enterprise hierarchical database from the scratch, and to demystify hierarchical database retrieval using recursive query techniques. The practical case used in this work is a Hypothetical Small Scale Financial Institution, termed the HSSFI Bank. The actual implementation of this research was done using PosgreSQL in a Windows Environment, with the conceptualization, hierarchical construction procedures and the system outputs clearly demystified.
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L.A. Ochoa-Franco, Carl T. Haas, C.M. Dailey et al. · Elsevier eBooks · 1994
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Kyle Merrill · OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) · 2000
This work created a database for tracking data analysis files from multiple lab techniques and equipment stored on a central file server. Experimental details appropriate for each file type are pulled from the file header and stored in a searchable database. The database also stores specific location and self-directory structure for each data file. Queries can be run on the database according to file type, sample type or other experimental parameters. The database was constructed in Microsoft Access and Visual Basic was used for extraction of information from the file header.
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Lei Cao, Xin Yang, Chunyu Li · 2023
With the increasingly prominent environmental issues and the significant increase in labor costs, various industries across the country have launched a wave of promoting the development of modular construction technology. Modular construction has been applied on a large scale in various fields, such as subway transportation, petrochemicals, bridge engineering, substations, and nuclear power plants and has formed economies of scale. Modular construction has significant advantages over traditional construction in terms of environmental friendliness and shortened construction period. Currently, modular construction in various fields mainly focuses on the technical level, with little involvement in economic benefits. The article focuses on some existing or ongoing projects as the primary research object, analyzes the impact of modular design and construction on industrial project construction costs, and builds an economic database of modular construction.
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T. Murakami, T. Nakamura, Naoya Imae et al. · 1998
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Ziqiang Chen, Yong Jia, Hongjuan Peng et al. · PubMed · 2003
We aim to construct a online medical parasites database from which information can be retrieved through key words, ASP program and SQL language. The connection between the web pages and the database was established to enable relevant web page searching and parasitological information retrieval on the basis of the database files. A method for online searching through the database is elaborated in this paper by introducing the construction of the medical parasites database.
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Soe Lai Phyue · 2011
A lexical resource is the central repository of data for all language processing applications. It contains information for human consumption as well as computer programs. A significant increase in the use of lexical databases has led WordNet to become one of the most widely used lexical information source for Natural Languages Processing (NLP) applications. This paper presents a methodology of constructing Myanmar WordNet lexical database from WordNet and Myanmar<;->;English Machine Readable Dictionaries (MRDs). This system consists of three phases which are (i) data extraction phase (ii) link analyzing phase and (iii) construction phase. In the data extraction phase, the lexical information is extracted from available resources. Then sets of candidate links between Myanmar words and synsets are derived from lexical information and that are verified for the lexical gap between two languages in the link analyzing phase. Finally, a set of the verified candidate link is used to automatically construct the Myanmar WordNet. The proposed Myanmar WordNet has coverage of 173853 links, 38142 synsets and 25865 words.
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ZHANG Qiannan, Yongning Li, LIANG Chunlai et al. · SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología · 2022
ObjectiveTo establish the Food Toxicology Database （FoodTox）.MethodsA food toxicology database website was established. The priority list of the database was determined. The toxicological data of related substances through literature search was collected， and the systematic literature review （SLR） method was used to sort out the toxicological data of the substances in the library.ResultsThe food toxicology database has collected more than 1 600 substances with related data including toxicology-related information such as metabolism， acute toxicity， genotoxicity， reproductive and developmental toxicity， subchronic toxicity， chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity， population data， health guidance values and regulations of domestic and foreign management， related foods and symptoms etc.， which has been open to researchers in related fields.ConclusionThis database will provide the related professionals with the first-hand data， rapid technical support for emergency risk assessment and reference for priority substance evaluation.
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Helen Cooper, Kelly Charlton, Jeffrey C. Valentine et al. · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · 2000
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Mark Calabria · Journal of Real Estate Literature · 2000
The Census of Construction Industries (CCI) is conducted every five years as part of the quinquennial Economic Census. The CCI covers all establishments with payroll that are engaged primarily in contract construction or construction on their own account for sale as defined in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual. The CCI is a partial census including all multi-establishments and all establishments with payroll above $480,000, one out of every five establishments with payroll between $480,000 and $120,000 and one out of eight remaining establishments. The resulting database contains for each year approximately 200,000 establishments in the building construction, heavy construction and special trade construction industrial classifications. This article compares the content, survey procedures and sample response of the 1982, 1987 and 1992 Censuses of Construction. In addition, it describes the Census Bureau's Economic Census Program, which includes the Census of Construction Industries.
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