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About 10,000 papers for “difference”

Difference within difference

Jonathan Osborne · 2020

This dissertation analyzes speeches delivered between 1996 and 2015 by Alan Keyes, Condoleezza Rice, and Colin Powell to examine how Black conservative rhetoric constructs and resists itself as part of the African American rhetorical tradition. My study engages an area of African American rhetoric rarely given serious rhetorical analysis. Much of the scholarship surrounding Black rhetoric(s) presents its methodology and execution in a similar form. Theorized as a rhetoric of resistance, the field draws upon the writing and rhetoric of prominent and insightful Black men and women to construct its form and function. Though profound and necessary to elevate the voices and perspectives of Black people, I argue that the field neglects conservative political perspectives latent within the larger African American rhetorical tradition. Black conservatives often find themselves ostracized by Black communities and tokenized by the political right, producing a twofold marginalization of their rhetoric. At the same time, Black conservatives occupy an important role in constructing policy and legislation, particularly in the cases of Colin Powell and Condoleezza Rice, as well as the historical construction of the Black political voice. My study addresses this lacuna in the field by establishing a method for identifying and analyzing rhetorical tropes used by Black conservatives and their argumentative purposes in the speeches of Powell, Rice, and Alan Keyes. Through my research I argue that Black conservative rhetoric contains several rhetorical techniques generally reserved for more mainstream means of persuasion, thus questioning the status of Black conservatives residing on the fringes of social consciousness and Black communities. My study extends scholarship on African American rhetoric(s) as it surfaces specific rhetorical strategies related to the creation of difference in Black conservative rhetoric.

Cited by 1Open access

Difference in difference.

Fang Liu (13271), Chen Liang (196452) · Figshare · 2025

<div> Considering the notable influence of traditional Confucian culture on China’s housing market, this study introduces an innovative index to quantify the magnitude of the real estate bubble within China, employing a familial generational iterative model. Utilizing rent-buy policy as a conceptual framework, our research constructs a difference-in-differences model to investigate the impact of macroeconomic policies on the housing bubble phenomenon. Empirical observations from 2022 reveal pronounced bubble dynamics in first and second-tier cities, while housing prices in third and fourth-tier cities, alongside select fifth-tier cities, exhibit a declining trend. On a national scale, apart from minor affordability observed during 2005–2007, no significant affordability was identified in other years, with the housing price bubble index demonstrating a downward trajectory from 2020 to 2022. Furthermore, the implementation of the rent-buy policy that equality the rights of renter and owner has directly influenced the housing market, notably mitigating the overall escalation of housing prices. Additional analysis indicates that the rent-and-buy policy has been more successful in curbing price hikes in newly constructed and smaller-sized housing units compared to second-hand and larger-scale properties. </div>

Cited by 0Open access

The Difference ‘Difference’ Makes

Lori G. Beaman · Oxford University Press eBooks · 2017

This chapter argues that the idea of difference and diversity rely to some extent on fixed identity categories, and that they in fact often reify those categories in socially harmful ways. It delves into the possibility of a more subtle approach, first by examining the idea of identity rigidity from a number of angles, and second by reflecting on the ways in which religion can be recognized as a lived phenomenon within which individuals are flexible, sometimes acting in contradictory ways that defy an easy categorization of their religious identities. The chapter posits that focusing on the social construction of diversity and the conditions under which the language of diversity emerges (particularly its demarcation as a problem to be solved) is a useful enterprise. By recovering the non-events of the everyday wherein so-called ordinary people employ strategies to successfully navigate difference, an alternative narrative of religious diversity can be constructed.

Cited by 2

difference-in-difference estimators

Alberto Abadie · The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics · 2008

This article discusses difference-in-differences (DID) estimators, which are commonly applied in evaluation research. In particular, the discussion focuses on (a) motivation, definition and interpretation of DID estimators, (b) conditions under which DID estimators are valid, (c) data requirements to compute DID estimators, (d) representative applications of DID estimators in the empirical economics literature, (e) extensions of DID estimators, and (f) a simple indirect test to assess the validity of these estimators.

Cited by 2

Difference-In-Difference Estimators

Alberto Abadie · The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics · 2008

Difference-in-differences (DID) estimators are often used in empirical research in economics to evaluate the effects of public interventions and other treatments of interest in the absence of purely experimental data.

Cited by 0

Difference difference everywhere â¦

Condliffe, Peter · e-publications@bond (Bond University) · 2004

Extract: For many people, the legal system appears to be an indecipherable morass that proclaims high ideals but frustrates and annoys many who have to use it. Over the last 20 years, the criticisms of the traditional court system, in both its civil and criminal jurisdictions, have risen to become a continuous chorus of complaint.

Cited by 0

Two Difference within difference

Malcolm Harrison · Policy Press eBooks · 2001

This chapter is primarily concerned with individuals, households, and larger groups. It reviews the character and impact of difference in housing, followed by a section on how people relate to the home, as well as their housing strategies. The chapter summarises some socioeconomic and demographic trends, and notes the constraints that are bearing upon households. It also reviews the agency/structure relationships that were introduced in Chapter One.

Cited by 0

Difference and Difference Quotient

Bo Li, Yan Zhang, Xiquan Liang · Formalized Mathematics · 2006

Difference and Difference QuotientIn this article, we give the definitions of forward difference, backward difference, central difference and difference quotient, and some of their important properties.

Cited by 4Open access

Hearing Difference, Writing Difference

Becky Taylor · Contemporary British History · 2010

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes [1] Orsi Orsi, R. 2002. The Madonna of 115th Street: Faith and Community in Italian Harlem, 1880–1950, 2nd ed., New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. [Google Scholar], The Madonna of 115th Street. [2] See, for example, Bauer and Thompson Bauer, E. and Thompson, P. 2006. Jamaican Hands Across the Atlantic, Kingston: Ian Randle Publishers. [Google Scholar], Jamaican Hands Across the Atlantic. Chamberlain Chamberlain, M. 2006. Family Love in the Caribbean: Migration and the Anglo-Caribbean Experience, New Brunswick, NJ and London: Transaction Publishers. [Google Scholar], Family Love in the Caribbean. McKeown McKeown, A. 2001. Chinese Migrant Networks and Cultural Change: Peru, Chicago, and Hawaii 1900–1936, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. [Google Scholar], Chinese Migrant Networks and Cultural Change. Fog Olwig Fog Olwig, K. 2007. Caribbean Journeys: An Ethnography of Migration and Home in Three Family Networks, Durham, NC: Duke University Press. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar], Caribbean Journeys. [3] Orsi, The Madonna of 115th Street, 9. [4] Delaney Delaney, Enda. 2007. The Irish in Post-War Britain, Oxford: Oxford University Press. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar], The Irish in Post-War Britain, 6–7. [5] Ibid., 53. [6] See, for example, Zontini Zontini, E. 2004. Immigrant Women in Barcelona: Coping with the Consequences of Transnational Lives. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 30(6): 1113–44. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 1113–44. [7] Delaney Delaney, Enda. 2007. The Irish in Post-War Britain, Oxford: Oxford University Press. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar], Irish in Post-War Britain, 38. [8] Ibid., 25. [9] O'Donnell O'Donnell, P. 1941. “Migration is a way of keeping a grip”. In The Bell November [Google Scholar], The Bell. [10] Delaney Delaney, Enda. 2007. The Irish in Post-War Britain, Oxford: Oxford University Press. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar], Irish in Post-War Britain, 201. [11] Ibid., 6. [12] Walter Walter, B. 2001. Outsiders Inside: Whiteness, Place and Irish Women, London: Routledge. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar], Outsiders Inside. [13] Delaney Delaney, Enda. 2007. The Irish in Post-War Britain, Oxford: Oxford University Press. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar], Irish in Post-War Britain, 29. [14] Chamberlain Chamberlain, M. 2005. Narratives of Exile and Return, New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. New ed [Google Scholar], Narratives of Exile and Return. [15] Delaney Delaney, Enda. 2007. The Irish in Post-War Britain, Oxford: Oxford University Press. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar], Irish in Post-War Britain, 55–58. [16] Ibid., 125. [17] Although Rogaly and Taylor Rogaly, B., and Taylor, B. 2009. Moving Histories of Class and Community: Identity, Place and Belonging in Contemporary England, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar], Moving Histories of Class and Community, remind us that this is not something specific to international migrant experiences. [18] Herbert Herbert, Joanna. 2008. Negotiating Boundaries in the City: Migration, Ethnicity and Gender in Britain, Aldershot: Ashgate. [Google Scholar], Negotiating Boundaries in the City, 19. [19] Ibid., 73. [20] Ibid., 64. [21] Ibid., 99. [22] Ibid., 121. [23] Ibid., 2. [24] Ibid., 46–47. [25] Ibid., 57. [26] Schaffer Schaffer, G. 2008. Race Science and British Society, 1930–62, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar], Race Science and British Society, gives one of the best overviews of the importance of this work. [27] Kushner Kushner, Tony. 2004. We Europeans? Mass Observation, ‘Race’ and British Identity in the Twentieth Century, Aldershot: Ashgate. [Google Scholar], We Europeans, 31. [28] R. Miles Miles, R. 1993. Racism after ‘Race Relations’, London: Routledge. [Google Scholar], Racism after ‘Race Relations’, 148. [29] Kushner Kushner, Tony. 2004. We Europeans? Mass Observation, ‘Race’ and British Identity in the Twentieth Century, Aldershot: Ashgate. [Google Scholar], We Europeans, 32. [30] Ibid., 247. [31] Ibid., 248. [32] Ibid., 59. [33] Ibid., 64. [34] Ibid., 76. [35] Ibid., 117. [36] Ibid., 243. [37] Ibid., 250. [38] Ibid., 203. [39] Ryan Ryan, L. 2006. “Passing Time: Irish Women Remembering and Re-Telling Stories”. In Histories and Memories. Migrants and Their History in Britain, Edited by: Burrell, K. and Panayi, P. London and New York: Transaction Publishers. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar], Histories and Memories, 198; Gardner, Age, Narrative and Migration. [40] Ibid., 207. [41] Ibid., 205. [42] Myers Myers, K. 2005. “Historical Practice in the Age of Pluralism: Educating and Celebrating Identities”. In Histories and Memories. Migrants and Their History in Britain, Edited by: Burrell and Panayi. London and New York: Transaction Publishers. [Google Scholar], Historical Practice in the Age of Pluralism, 36. [43] Ibid., 45, 47. [44] Ibid., 51. [45] Ibid., 52. [46] C. Haylett Haylett, C. 2001. Illegitimate Subjects? Abject Whites, Neoliberal Modernisation and Middle Class Multiculturalism. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 19: 351–70. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], Environment and Planning D, 351–70. [47] Burrell and Panayi, Histories and Memories, 15. [48] Taylor Taylor, B. 2008. A Minority and the State: Travellers in Britain in the Twentieth Century, Manchester: Manchester University Press. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar], A Minority and the State. See also Rogaly and Taylor, Moving Histories, Chapter 6. [49] Although of course Lunn Lunn, K., ed. 1980. Hosts, Immigrants and Minorities. Historical Responses to Newcomers in British Society, 1870–1914, Folkestone: William Dawson & Sons Ltd.. [Google Scholar], Hosts, Immigrants and Minorities, remains a key text. [50] Chamberlain Chamberlain, M. 2009. Migrant Myths and Memories. History Workshop Journal, 67(1): 246[Crossref] , [Google Scholar], History Workshop Journal, 246.

Cited by 1

Difference in difference estimation.

Rajani Bharati (11328036), Diana Romero (6208736), Alexis Pozen (21175576) et al. · Figshare · 2025

<div> Nepal initiated the National Health Insurance Program (NHIP) in 2016, but enrollment rates remain low, with an increasing dropout rate. This study examined the experience of service providers and beneficiaries with NHIP and its effect on insurance enrollment and health service utilization.We employed an exploratory sequential mixed-method design, involving 14 focus group discussions and 20 key informant interviews, supplemented by quantitative data from Nepal’s District Health Information System (DHIS-2). We identified a complex interconnection between demand- and supply-side factors affecting enrollment, renewal, and health-seeking behavior within NHIP. Both NHIP enrollees and non-enrollees cited the quality of health services as crucial for enrollment. Other significant factors included inadequate awareness, insurance scheme design (service lag time, referral requirements), limited geographical accessibility to health facilities, ability to pay premiums, perceived illness risk, and the perceived usefulness of health insurance. Service providers reported that NHIP implementation increased patient flow and administrative burden without proportional resource growth. They faced challenges such as a lack of motivation, claim and reimbursement difficulties, tedious medicine procurement, and insufficient information about the insurance program. Our quantitative analysis confirmed increased patient flow and referrals due to the policy’s effect. In intervention districts, there was an increase in the average number of total client visits, new client visits, and referrals by 4,729, 2,721, and 163 respectively, compared to comparator districts. These increases occurred when the enrollment rate was at 5%.Our findings highlight the dependency of NHIP enrollment on the quality of the healthcare delivery system. To improve NHIP effectiveness, there should be increased awareness and insurance literacy, enhanced insurance scheme design features, and improved geographical accessibility to health facilities. Efforts should also focus on resource availability, expanding the qualified health workforce, and improving stewardship and accountability mechanisms. </div>

Cited by 0Open access

An Application of Difference-in-Difference-Difference Model

Thomas Russell Harris, Sankar Mukhopadhyay, Nathan Wiseman · Public Works Management & Policy · 2016

Institutional laws and arrangements such as prevailing wage laws influence the employment levels and wage rates of the local labor supply. Conflicting research, however, has shown that prevailing wage laws lead to higher construction costs, while others show little to no relationship. Most of these studies are completed at the national level whose results at the regional level may not be applicable. This article examines the impact of prevailing wage laws on construction wages in the Mountain States of the nation. Difference-in-difference-difference models were used, and results indicate that for the Mountain States, removal of prevailing wage laws decreased wages by 4.4% after 10 years of the repeal. However, because of the available data used in this analysis, the impacts of repealing the prevailing wage laws on benefits could not be determined, which from previous research could be significant.

Cited by 4