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About 6,189 papers for “forward error correction”

Forward Error Correction

Roger L. Freeman · 2002

Abstract This chapter presents both tutorial information and practical design data on the application of forward error correction (FEC) techniques. FEC may only be used with digital circuits. Forward error correction can be used to improve bit error performance on a marginal circuit or to lower E b / N 0 requirements without impacting error performance on other digital circuits. The armed forces of the world were probably the first to put FEC to work. It now has universal acceptance in the commercial world. Where good bit error performance is crucial, one can expect to find FEC applied. This is particularly true on digital compression schemes such as motion picture experts group (MPEG). It is finding growing acceptance in the cellular/personal communication services (PCS) world and on line‐of‐sight (LOS) microwave and high‐frequency (HF) radio circuits. Coding gain is defined as the difference between required E b / N 0 for an objective target bit error rate (BER) between a certain coded system and the same system without coding. A radio system “gain” is traditionally achieved by increasing transmitter power, improving receiver sensitivity, applying diversity, and increasing antenna aperture. Now on digital systems, coding gain derived from FEC is still another method to achieve gain, usually at a fairly reasonable price, by the addition of a personal computer (PC) board at each end of a link. Coding gains of 2–5 (or more) dB are common. To improve coding gain still further, tandem coding can be employed. This is also called concatenated coding, where there is an inner code and an outer code. On one application, the outer code was a convolutional code with a coding gain of 5 dB, and the inner code was a Reed–Solomon block code with a coding gain of 2 dB. The net coding gain in this case was 7 dB. Conventional wisdom agrees that the redundancy added for FEC requires an appropriate bandwidth expansion. When trellis‐coded modulation (TCM) is used, this is not the case. TCM is particularly attractive on digital LOS microwave circuits, where conservation of bandwidth is so important.

Cited by 0

Forward Error Correction Coding

I.J. Fair, V.K. Bhargava · ˜The œelectrical engineering handbook/Electrical engineering handbook series/Electrical engineering handbook · 1999

Cited by 5

Forward Error Correction Coding

Larry B. Stotts · SPIE eBooks · 2024

SPIE Press is the largest independent publisher of optics and photonics books - access our growing scientific eBook collection ranging from monographs, reference works, field guides, and tutorial texts.

Cited by 0

Forward Error Correction in INSTANCE

Minna Kaisa, Minna Kaisa Juonolainen · 1999

This thesis is a part of my cand. scient. degree at the University of Oslo, Department of Informatics. My advisor has been Dr. Sc. Thomas Plagemann from the Center for Technology at Kjeller (UniK). I wish to express my thanks to my advisor and P˚al Halvorsen, who has given me invaluable guidance. I also wish to thank April T. Stilley for kindly consulting me in English grammar. iii

Cited by 1

Analyzing Forward-Error Error Correction Using Stochastic Epistemologies

Gurvindra Singh · 2012

The understanding of redundancy has investigated interrupts, and current trends suggest that the deployment of 802.11 mesh networks will soon emerge. After years of important research into jo journaling urnaling file systems, we show the Simulation of fiber-optic optic cables. In this position paper we motivate an analysis of RPCs (VUGG), which we use to validate that hierarchical databases can be made large large-scale, relational, and replicated.

Cited by 0

Index Terms—Forward Error Correction, Error Correction Code, Wireless Sensor Networks

2008

Abstract—From the empirical observation that packet errors are infrequent and multiple-bit errors rarely occur, we have implemented a few versions of error-correction code (ECC) that correct single-bit or double-bit errors on Chipcon CC1000 radio-based wireless sensor nodes. We have evaluated that our ECC implementation reduces packet error rate close to zero in outdoor environment where most errors are single-bit. In indoor environment where increased multiple-bit errors occur, our ECC implementation has a bit higher packet error rate, but its packet error rate is still lower than that of not using ECC.

Cited by 0

Appendix 6: Forward Error Correction Codes

Martin P. Clark · 2001

This appendix explains in detail the purpose of FEC (Forward Error Correction) codes and how they work. It covers block codes, cyclic codes, BCH-codes, Reed-Solomon codes, convolutional codes, Viterbi codes and ‘coding gain’.

Cited by 0Open access

Reed-Solomon Forward Error Correction (FEC)

Jérôme Lacan, Vincent Roca, Sami Peltotalo et al. · HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) · 2006

This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards " (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2009 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust’s Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents in effect on the date of publication of this document

Cited by 7Open access

Detecting on Forward Error Correction Codes

Lai Zongli, Xu Wentao · 2016

Abstract. Under the development of society, the dissemination of information plays an increasingly significant role. How to achieve the goal of continually reducing the error rate and enhance the quality of communication and construct a highly reliable, efficient and high-speed Broadband Communication System is really a tough task. Here comes the FEC that is one particular type of error correction codes which is introduced to protect the process of data transmitting. In addition to a brief introduction to FEC, this article covers the categories of FEC and their applications along with comparisons and also describes the latest development of these error correction algorithms.

Cited by 0

Convolution encoder for forward error correction

Ahmad Termizi, Mohd Azmi · UMP Institutional Repository (Universiti Malaysia Pahang) · 2010

Nowadays bandwidth demands are totally increase and the tolerance for errors and latency decreases, designers of data-communication systems are looking for new ways to expand available bandwidth and improve the quality of transmission. One solution isn't actually new, but has been around for a while. Nevertheless, it could prove quite useful. Called forward error correction (FEC), this design technology has been used for years to enable efficient, high-quality data communication over noisy channels, such as those found in satellite and digital cellular-communications applications. The big attraction of FEC technology is how it adds redundant information to a data stream. This enables a receiver to identify and correct errors without the need for retransmission and the data will be transfer faster than ever

Cited by 0Open access