Michaela Wieandt · IGI Global eBooks · 2008
IT consulting seems to be of growing importance within organizations. The tendency towards complex large-scale IT consulting projects requires a more detailed exploration of the implementation process on the organizational level. Given that these projects contribute to or create organizational change (i.e. Markus, 2004), power relationships are assumed to influence the implementation of information technology. This paper examines the collaboration between IT consultants, employees and project managers within IT consulting projects, considering aspects of power negotiation and power politics within organizations. Based on the literature on IT consulting and IT project implementation, major risks and challenges of the implementation process as well as possible solutions will be identified and analyzed. Following Giddens’ theoretical framework of structuration theory (Giddens, 1984), an actor’s access to authoritative and allocative resources as well as his position and strategies in relation to power are explored. It will be shown that IT consultants may have a central position within the constellation of an IT project, depending on their strategies of impression management and charismatic leadership (Sosik & Jung, 2003).
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NASA STI Repository (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)
NASA's Information Technology (IT) resources and IT support continue to be a growing and integral part of all NASA missions. Furthermore, the growing IT support requirements are becoming more complex and diverse. The following are a few examples of the growing complexity and diversity of NASA's IT environment. NASA is conducting basic IT research in the Intelligent Synthesis Environment (ISE) and Intelligent Systems (IS) Initiatives. IT security, infrastructure protection, and privacy of data are requiring more and more management attention and an increasing share of the NASA IT budget. Outsourcing of IT support is becoming a key element of NASA's IT strategy as exemplified by Outsourcing Desktop Initiative for NASA (ODIN) and the outsourcing of NASA Integrated Services Network (NISN) support. Finally, technology refresh is helping to provide improved support at lower cost. Recently the NASA Automated Data Processing (ADP) Consolidation Center (NACC) upgraded its bipolar technology computer systems with Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology systems. This NACC upgrade substantially reduced the hardware maintenance and software licensing costs, significantly increased system speed and capacity, and reduced customer processing costs by 11 percent.
Cited by 0Open access
Janicki, Mary M., · State Elections Enforcement Commission (State of Connecticut)
"June 22, 1999."; Discusses each step in the process mandated by law that takes place after the Department of Information Technology (DOIT) signs a contract to privatize information technology and telecommunication system facilities, equipment, and services.
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Marie‐Claude Boudreau, Jonny Holmström · Enterprise Information Systems · 2011
This chapter uses the theory of loose coupling to explain failure in the adoption of an information technology aimed at improving collaboration across one organization’s internal boundaries. The research details an interpretive case study of a single organization, MacGregor Crane, in which relatively autonomous individuals are only loosely connected in terms of their daily interactions. The company implemented Lotus Notes© in an attempt to increase collaboration. However, this effort failed because employees in various units, particularly engineering, were reluctant to share information across unit boundaries. In light of these findings, it is suggested that the successful implementation of a collaborative IT within a loosely coupled organization should involve the reconsideration of the organizational members’ roles and functions.
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Marjanen, Ville · Jyväskylä University Digital Archive (University of Jyväskylä) · 2003
unknown accessibility
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Vanessa Hill, Kylynn Bruner, Gabriel Maciaz et al. · Applied Clinical Informatics · 2015
The seven success factors described are not limited in their value to and impact on CPOE adoption, but generalize to - and can advance success in - varied other clinical information technology implementations across diverse hospitals. A number of these factors are supported by reports in the literature of other institutions' successful implementations of CPOE and other clinical information technologies, and while not prescriptive to other settings, may be adapted to yield value elsewhere.
Cited by 10Open access
Волонтир, Людмила Олексіївна, Павлюк, Т. М., Volontur, L. et al. · ELARTU (Ternopil National Technical University) · 2017
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Cynthia L. Lopata, Thomas A. Childers · 1993
The purpose of this research was to extend the knowledge of the process of implementing technological innovations in organizations. Data were collected during a longitudinal investigation of the implementation of a computer-based information management system in a three-college library consortium. Interviews and observations of participants in the implementation process were conducted at various stages in that process, and pertinent documents produced by the organization were collected. A grounded theory approach was used to guide the collection and analysis of the data and construction of a process model. The model developed includes a typology of ways in which the technology and the organization were adapted and identifies factors which affected the adaptation processes. The implementing organization's complexity was a major influencing factor, as were the availability of resources and organizational readiness. Complexity of the technology, especially as measured by the number of component parts of the system being implemented, also affected the process. New environmental factors identified include: market demands, an expanding customer base, and internal factors. Using events analysis, in combination with script theory, instances of adaptation were identified in the context of other organizational events and interruptions to the process. Patterns of events were identified and aggregated to form scripts for the different periods of the implementation process. The scripts created were: Pre Implementation/Pre Selection, which was characterized by internal analysis and external search activities; Pre Implementation/Post Selection, during which the focus was on adaptation of physical facilities and telecommunications; Early Implementation, with an emphasis on training and formalization of communications; Mid Implementation, during which adaptations to the technology and the organization reached high points; and Late Implementation, during which adaptations subsided. The model resulting from this investigation provides a basis for further research on the implementation process, and the scripts provide a guide to the implementation of information technologies in organizations. The findings concerning adaptations of the technology have implications for developers of new information technologies.
Cited by 0Open access
J. Lipman, N. Shea · Proceedings of WESCON '94 · 2002
With the merging of the computer and communications market segments, the need for both data and voice secure information storage and transfer has become critical for consumers, industry, and the government alike. From something as simple as assuring the privacy of cordless telephone conversations to the protection of vital government military information, Secure Information Technology is a field that is growing rapidly in both importance and in the number of organizations developing ways of guaranteeing the accuracy of information and the authenticity of those sending and receiving it. At the heart of secure information technology implementation is the implementation of encryption and decryption techniques in silicon chips, which provide a degree of security, flexibility and performance that is unobtainable with software or other hardware methods. This paper reviews silicon implementations of a number of encryption algorithms, including DES and Skipjack, and the types of systems that are benefiting from their usage.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
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Jin Kyung Kwak · Management Science and Financial Engineering · 2013
In this paper, we analyze the relationship between implementation of information technology and inventory turnover as a measure of operational efficiency. We build a regression model including a dummy variable that indicates whether a firm has been nominated for being good at implementing information technology. By using publicly available data, we have conducted an extensive empirical analysis and found that firms' using information technology is not likely to affect inventory turnover significantly. This result implies that we have to take careful consideration in adapting information technology.
Cited by 3Open access
Suzanne Beaumaster · VTechWorks (Virginia Tech) · 1999
This research project addresses the issues affecting information technology development and deployment. The issues represented in this study are addressed in the context of IT implementation processes, especially with regard to the question of the needs and perceptions of administrators from the local government arena. In addition, this study will provide an exploratory look at the problematic issues surrounding IT implementation and how local government administrators--in particular--perceive them. More specifically, this study provides the following: a discussion of management and organizational issues that have a direct relationship to IT and local government implementation needs; a discussion of the problems which are specific to local government executives with regard to IT implementation; a comprehensive view of the overriding problems associated with the IT development and deployment process in local government; descriptive data revealing local government executive's perceptions about the issues surrounding IT development processes; and a basis for development of an IT implementation framework for local government. Each of these provisions is integral to developing a comprehensive understanding of the problems associated with the planning, acquisition, and implementation of ITs in local government. These provisions lay the foundations for future development of an IT implementation framework for local government. The research in this study suggests that there are three primary results, which are shown here. The first is that strategic planning for IT is fundamental to the ultimate effectiveness of IT implementation. Planning with regard to IT acquisition and deployment has proven to be a difficult accomplishment regardless of organization type or sector. This study specifically addresses many of the issues surrounding this problem, as it is integral to the implementation process as a whole. Secondly, it is shown that interdepartmental coordination has proven to be a major factor in effective IT implementation. Previous studies in this area have shown a propensity over the course of the development of IT towards decentralization of the acquisition and management of technologies. This trend speaks directly to the issue of interdepartmental coordination and the difficulties local government managers face when attempting to implement ITs in their organizations. Finally, it is shown that the expertise levels of executives with regard to IT has proven to be a contributing factor to effectiveness of the IT development and deployment process.
Cited by 20Open access
Chang‐Tseh Hsieh, Binshan Lin, Bill Manduca · Journal of Computer Information Systems · 2007
The Six Sigma methodology for quality improvement is a system of many concepts, tools, and principles. This paper discusses the basic concepts of the Six Sigma Process Improvement Methodology, presents various computer applications to demonstrate the value of information systems and information technology (IS/IT) in this methodology, and finally, presents an actual case where some of these applications were used to help a major corporation save over $2 million. It is hoped that the focus on IS/IT shows how powerful Six Sigma can be when aided by the latest computer hardware and software technology. The strategic use of IS/IT within the Six Sigma methodology will go a long way in making things easy for professionals to incorporate the principles as part of their everyday work routine.
Cited by 46
Michel Demeester · International Journal of Medical Informatics · 1999
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Denise M. Hynes, Erika Whittier, Arika Owens · Medical Care · 2013
Sustained efforts in HIT innovation and in implementation science in the Veterans Health Administration demonstrates the interdependencies of these initiatives and the critical pathways that can contribute to progress. Other health care quality improvement efforts that rely on HIT can learn from the Veterans Health Administration experience.
Cited by 7
電算中心 · 2011
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Michael R. Fish, Jon Turner · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · 1995
Research concerned with the implementation of information technology (IT) in organizations can be divided, roughly, into two streams: factor, or variance studies; and process studies (Markus and Robey, 1988). The great majority of work has adopted a variance approach where several factors that are likelyto be associated with successful IT implementation are identified, made operational, and then tested, usually using a cross-sectional design, with statistical methods. In reviewing these studies, Lucas (1981) notes that although some 150 factors have beenidentified, only a relatively few, limited to "top management support" and "user involvement", are consistently associated with successful implementation. In addition, researchers tend to create new factor models rather than extending and confirming the most promising existing models, and no integrated model has emerged that explains a reasonable portion of the variance in implementation outcomes (although Lucas, Ginzberg and Schultz, 1990, made a valiant attempt in this regard). Process studies, on the other hand, seek to understand the process by which IT is implemented in organizations, using interpretive techniques based on interview, observational, and collected data. Although there are relatively few process studies, they are particularly appropriatefor theory building (Glaser and Strauss, 1967). Markus and Robey (1988) have pointed to the need for more process studies of technology implementation. In this paper we describe an ongoing process study of IT implementation in five settlement houses in New York City, using an action research approach (Argyris et. al., 1985). Settlement houses are the primary way that social services are delivered to community members of inner cities. From a research perspective, the IT implementation in the settlement houses is important in several respects. First, while IT implementations in profit-seeking firms have been widely researched, relatively few studies have been conducted in not-for-profit businesses. Not-for-profit firms are likely to differ from their profit-seeking counterparts in terms of their organizational values, goals, reward and control structures of individuals, organizational processes, staffing, environmental influences, and acquisition of resources. Second, few existing studies address the dynamicsinvolved in implementing IT in a group of cooperating, autonomous organizations. Our implementation study involves a confederation of five settlement houses and United Neighborhood Houses of NYC (UNH), an organization which provides technical assistance to the houses. This confederation is analogous in structure to IT partnerships and alliances, which have become popular among businesses in the for-profit sector
Cited by 7Open access
Raquel Pérez Estébanez, Elena Urquía Grande, Clara Muñoz Colomina · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to use empirical evidence to measure if the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have adapted to information technologies (ITs) and analyse the extent of IT knowledge and interest in new international accounting standards as factors that align strategies and organizational culture towards continuous improvement. Design/methodology/approach - The empirical study acquires knowledge of the situation of SMEs in Spain and carries out an analysis of variables based on the results. Contingency tables have been developed to find out whether there are dependent‐effect relationships between the survey items. Findings - When analysing the sample by sectors, the paper finds that the manufacturing sector has a high level of short‐term IT implementation, using it to deal with accounting, fiscal and financial issues, while the services sector is using IT intensively and is also very interested in sophisticated IT. Moreover, research results reveal a trend towards continuous improvement of Spanish SMEs of all sizes in all sectors as the majority show considerable interest in international accounting standards. Research limitations/implications - The study has some limitations such as the way in which data are obtained, determining the type and number of questions and the fact that a majority of those responding to the survey are medium‐sized businesses. In addition, those answering are the accounting department managers, leading to a possible bias if the paper tries to extrapolate the results. Originality/value - This paper provides new information for SMEs, public administrations and academics. The increasing interest in the subject can lead to additional research with causal relationships between IT implementation, SMEs strategy and financial results.
Cited by 0
Raquel Pérez Estébanez, Elena Urquía Grande, Clara Muñoz Colomina · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to use empirical evidence to measure if the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have adapted to information technologies (ITs) and analyse the extent of IT knowledge and interest in new international accounting standards as factors that align strategies and organizational culture towards continuous improvement. Design/methodology/approach - The empirical study acquires knowledge of the situation of SMEs in Spain and carries out an analysis of variables based on the results. Contingency tables have been developed to find out whether there are dependent‐effect relationships between the survey items. Findings - When analysing the sample by sectors, the paper finds that the manufacturing sector has a high level of short‐term IT implementation, using it to deal with accounting, fiscal and financial issues, while the services sector is using IT intensively and is also very interested in sophisticated IT. Moreover, research results reveal a trend towards continuous improvement of Spanish SMEs of all sizes in all sectors as the majority show considerable interest in international accounting standards. Research limitations/implications - The study has some limitations such as the way in which data are obtained, determining the type and number of questions and the fact that a majority of those responding to the survey are medium‐sized businesses. In addition, those answering are the accounting department managers, leading to a possible bias if the paper tries to extrapolate the results. Originality/value - This paper provides new information for SMEs, public administrations and academics. The increasing interest in the subject can lead to additional research with causal relationships between IT implementation, SMEs strategy and financial results.
Cited by 0
Lobdell, Liberty F. · Ike Skelton Combined Arms Research Library (CARL) Digital Library (US Army Combined Arms Center) · 2021
Commanders across branches and services will always do whatever they can to gain and share information with their formations, because information is capital in the economy of war. As technology continues to evolve inside the Army, across the Joint Force, and in the commercial sector, a clear network architecture facilitates efficient integration with other networks and avoids disjointed communication efforts. This monograph studies the implementation of the radio in the US Army during World War I and separately during the Interwar Period through the lenses of organizations, training and doctrine, and equipment to evaluate how the US Army integrated a new information technology. To better understand the implementation of the radio during World War I and the Interwar Period, this monograph also draws on the works of two theorists, Daniel Kahneman and Hernando DeSoto. As information technology becomes more prevalent in civilian society, it is dangerous to presume familiarity with civilian systems translates to operators innately understanding how to integrate and operate military systems. The faster and more efficiently information is shared across the Joint Force, the more effective the military is at bringing all its resources to bear on the battlefield. In order to fully leverage evolving communication technology to enable efficient information sharing, the Department of Defense (DOD) should implement and maintain a deliberate process to standardize its network architecture, policies, and doctrine across the Joint Force that guides training of operators and informs system development.
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Sabine Zauchner, Christian Korunka, A. Weiss et al. · Gender Work and Organization · 2000
In investigating gender‐related effects of information technology implementation the contextual factors (e.g. job design, implementation management, external workload) need to be taken into account. In the Vienna Implementation Studies the effects of technology implementation on users' stress levels and satisfaction were investigated in longitudinal research designs. In our previous study, the 1st Vienna Implementation Study, negative effects of the technology implementations were shown in more women than men. It was argued that women due to their lower qualified jobs and due to the lack of participation, also experienced more negative consequences. In the 2nd Vienna Implementation Study effects of ‘continuous’ implementation of information technology on 212 clerical workers (n women: 142; n men: 70) were investigated. No gender‐related effects of information technology implementation were found, nor did women and men differ in job characteristics and in participation in the implementation process. It can be concluded from the two studies that potential differences between women and men are caused by differences in the contextual factors of job design and participation. Further, it emerged from our studies that women — at least in the field of clerical jobs — have benefited from the introduction of technology.
Cited by 33