Gordon Rugg, Colin Rigby, Sue Gerrard et al. · Electronic workshops in computing · 2022
<p class="first" id="d1019016e165">In this article, we outline the concept of knowledge infrastructure and describe how it differs from Information Technology (IT) infrastructure, with particular regard to the implications for education theory, practice and policy. We examine the inherent limits to growth for attempts to handle knowledge, as opposed to information, via the types of software and hardware likely to be available in the next few decades. We show how a simple process model can be used to identify pinch points where knowledge, as opposed to information, is a bottleneck. We also show how a simple model of knowledge types and knowledge locations can be combined with the process model to remove those bottlenecks via existing low-cost technology and a more efficient use of existing human expertise. We conclude that a minimal investment in knowledge infrastructure would provide significant human, social and economic benefits, by creating major added value from existing digital and organisational infrastructure.
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2014
This document presents the specification of the Knowledge Representation Infrastructure (KRI), which is based on pre-existing products. The KRI ensures a mature basis for storage and retrieval of both knowledge and content, covering all data modalities. The document provides a description of the technology building blocks, overall architecture, standards used, query languages and
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Will Venters, Yingqin Zheng, Tony Cornford · London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) · 2008
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Paulo Pinheiro, Silva Deborah, L. Mcguinness et al. · 2008
The web lacks support for explaining information provenance. When web applications return answers, many users do not know what information sources were used, when they were updated, how reliable the source was, or what information was looked up versus derived. Support for information provenance is expected to be a harder problem in the Semantic Web where more answers result from some manipulation of information (instead of simple retrieval of information). Manipulation includes, among other things, retrieving, matching, aggregating, filtering, and deriving information possibly from multiple sources. This article defines a broad notion of information provenance called knowledge provenance that includes proof-like information on how a question answering system arrived at its answer(s). The article also describes an approach for a knowledge provenance infrastructure supporting the extraction, maintenance and usage of knowledge provenance related to answers of web applications and services. 1
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Smit, Jorrit · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) · 2023
Evaluation of the hybrid research spaces of Erasmus University Rotterdam and Rotterdam Municipality
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Sissel Strickert · 2016
In this chapter, I discuss the long-term effect of the Programme for Regional R&D and Innovation (VRI-programme) in the Agder region. The programme is also presented in Chapters 2 and 3 in this book, and referred to in other chapters. It has been discussed in several academic texts, i.e. Johnsen and Ennals (2012) and Johnsen, Knudsen and Normann (2014). The programme was initiated in the mid-2000s, following the discussions on globalisation during the 1990s. In practical terms, these discussions led in Norway (as in many other European countries) to new perspectives on regional development, with emphasis on regional advantages. The idea behind this is that regions have their own characteristics, and contribute to development differently. There is local knowledge that will be better utilised by means developed locally, compared to general policy tools developed at a national level. In theoretical terms the turn towards regionalisation was an answer to the ongoing discourse on globalisation at the start of the millennium, as outlined in the chapters in the first part of this book.
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Hiroshi Uchida, Meiying Zhu · 2015
The UNL was born within the United Nations and was conceived at the Institute of the Advanced Studies of the United Nations University(UNU/IAS). The UNL have been developed under the UNL
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Andrea Kaston Tange · Victorian Literature and Culture · 2024
Photography may seem primarily a technology of image-making, but it was in fact a powerful mode of meaning-making in the nineteenth century, and its operation as such was actively under negotiation from its invention. This essay examines the photograph's status as both documentary object and artistic expression, drawing on examples including journalistic, political, and familial uses of the medium as well as the forms of entertainment it provided. As a force of knowledge production—whether helping consolidate emerging sentimental ideals of family relations, forwarding anthropological understandings of the world, or supporting the work of spiritualists claiming to commune with the dead—photography was used to clarify and shape people's ideas about phenomena they did not understand and often otherwise could not see. As such, it became a vital infrastructure for the transmission of culture and the consolidation of national identity.
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Christine L. Borgman · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · 2014
Big data, data-intensive science, and eScience are contemporary terms to describe research fields that generate, manipulate, and manage large volumes of data. Astronomy was among the first data-intensive fields, hence many other domains wish to learn from the experience of astronomers. Their knowledge infrastructure â an ecology of people, practices, technologies, institutions, material objects, and relationships â has accumulated over millennia. Over the last several decades, the practice of astronomy has transitioned from analog to digital technologies. In turn, the broad adoption of common tools, standards, and technologies has enabled astronomers to construct infrastructure components such as the Astrophysics Data System (ADS), the Strasbourg Astronomical Data Center (CDS), the NASA Extragalactic Database (NED), the Virtual Observatory, and data archives for missions such as Chandra, Hubble, and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. While far from complete or seamless, the knowledge infrastructure for astronomy provides more comprehensive access to scientific publications and data than do most other scientific domains. This talk is drawn from continuing research on scholarship in astronomy (Borgman, Sands, Golshan, Darch, & Traweek, in progress) and a forthcoming book (Borgman, 2015). View online at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_kRVQ4m2z0
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International Journal of Economics and Statistics · 2020
The paper summarizes knowledge on critical infrastructure, its problems and on principles for its strategic safety management. It deals with way of critical infrastructure risk management and with appurtenant tools so the critical infrastructure might be sufficiently resilient to all present hazards. At the end it shows new emerging hazards
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Torbjørn Schei · MARE publication series · 2015
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Boyan Brodaric, Geological Survey Of Canada · 2009
This report provides a partial description of the ontology for Science Knowledge Infrastructure (SKIo), an ontology that represents science knowledge primitives such as theory, prediction, geoscience model, observation. SKIo is developed to enhance digital representation and use of such knowledge in e-Science environments. It is specified in this report via a UML representation, including class diagrams and related text descriptions. A full description of SKIo can be obtained by using this report in conjunction with the accompanying OWL-DL
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Greenwich Academic Literature Archive (University of Greenwich) · 2024
In my contributions to panel discussions, I will be sharing an overview of my unique set of skills that combine community activism, place-based history work, and education in a range of contexts.
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John Powles, Flavia Comim · 2003
Abstract One of the most striking features of mortality decline during the twentieth century was its decreasing dependence on national income levels. As the century progressed, populations were able to attain ever-higher life expectancy at given levels of real income, gaining from “shifting the curve” relating income to life expectancy, rather than from “moving along the curve” (World Bank 1993, p. 34).
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Paula Kersten, Roland Schröder, A.J.M. Koomen · 2009
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The MIT Press eBooks · 2015
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Hiroshi Uchida, Meiying Zhu · 2005
When computers make intelligent processing based on knowledge including reasoning, enough knowledge must be provided in the form that accessible and understandable for
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Robert A. Greenes, Carl Lagoze, Beltran Figueroa et al. · Deep Blue (University of Michigan) · 2018
Purpose: Platforms for computable biomedical knowledge are rapidly emerging to accelerate the application of biomedical knowledge into practice. At an inaugural Mobilizing Computable Biomedical Knowledge (MCBK) working meeting held in Ann Arbor, MI on October 18 & 19, 2017, the group took important early steps to: Engage critical dialogue on how to effectively develop and govern platforms for machine-executable biomedical knowledge to improve health and to build a pre-competitive computable biomedical knowledge community. This conference was significant for advancing work in areas that require computable knowledge to translate biomedical insights for better health: Learning Health Systems, Open Biomedical Science, and Clinical Decision Support. Participants explored what will be required to shape and sustain a community focused on making computable biomedical knowledge FAIR: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable. Participants discussed biomedical computable knowledge in the context of four, overarching themes, one of which included Knowledge Infrastructure Requirements for Computable Biomedical Knowledge.
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Yuxia Lei, Cungen Cao, Yuefei Sui · 2002
Knowledge processing is an important research field in AI. A lot of research practice has proved that it is necessary for a computer to really realize intelligence to have enough knowledge (i.e. knowledge base) and interconnections among knowledge. Otherwise, Johnson has advanced a famous three stage knowledge acquisition model, where knowledge is not isolated but mutually relevant. These sufficiently show that it is necessary and feasible to research knowledge interconnection in knowledge processing. We firstly introduce the CR (concept-relation) model and hierarchical concept graph (HCG), and then research knowledge interconnection in the National Knowledge Infrastructure (NKI).
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