Skip to content
Free planNo credit card requiredStart writing
AI for Research home
AI for Research home
Dashboard
Sign inGet started

Search 250 million research papers

Read the abstract, see who wrote it and who cites it, and get the citation in APA, MLA, Chicago or Harvard.

About 10,000 papers for “node size”

Node-size and node-degree distributions in five UWS patients.

Xiaolin Liu (403100), B. Douglas Ward (281374), Jeffrey R. Binder (539586) et al. · Figshare · 2015

<p>(<b>A-B</b>) Power-law-shaped node-size distributions were maintained in (A), with linear fittings of logarithm-transformed frequency count and node size in (B). (<b>C-D</b>) In contrast to that in healthy individuals (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0092182#pone-0092182-g005" target="_blank">Figure 5</a>), node-degree distributions in UWS patients demonstrated no evidence of a power-law relation (C), with linear fittings of logarithm-transformed frequency count and node degree showing inconsistent profiles (D).</p>

Cited by 0Open access

Size-based tournaments for node selection

Thomas Helmuth, Lee Spector, Brian Martin · 2011

In genetic programming, the reproductive operators of crossover and mutation both require the selection of nodes from the reproducing individuals. Both unbiased random selection and Koza 90/10 mechanisms remain popular, despite their arbitrary natures and a lack of evidence for their effectiveness. It is generally considered problematic to select from all nodes with a uniform distribution, since this causes terminal nodes to be selected most of the time. This can limit the complexity of program fragments that can be exchanged in crossover, and it may also lead to code bloat when leaf nodes are replaced with larger new subtrees during mutation. We present a new node selection method that selects nodes based on a tournament, from which the largest participating subtree is selected. We show this method of size-based tournaments improves performance on three standard test problems with no increases in code bloat as compared to unbiased and Koza 90/10 selection methods.

Cited by 6

Mesocolic Lymph Node Number, Size, and Density

Omid Ahmadi, John McCall, Mark D. Stringer · Diseases of the Colon & Rectum · 2015

In this descriptive anatomical study, the median number of lymph nodes in the sigmoid and ascending mesocolon was 71 and 61. Ascending mesocolic nodes were significantly larger than sigmoid mesocolic nodes. These anatomical findings are relevant to the interpretation of lymph node yields after the surgical resection of colon cancer.

Cited by 8

Performance comparison by dataset and node size.

Zhen Xie (519905), Wenzhe Hou (22486438), Feiyang Wu (11301268) et al. · Figshare · 2025

<div> Graphs are a representative type of fundamental data structures. They are capable of representing complex association relationships in diverse domains. For large-scale graph processing, the stream graphs have become efficient tools to process dynamically evolving graph data. When processing stream graphs, the subgraph counting problem is a key technique, which faces significant computational challenges due to its #P-complete nature. This work introduces StreamSC, a novel framework that efficiently estimate subgraph counting results on stream graphs through two key innovations: (i) It’s the first learning-based framework to address the subgraph counting problem focused on stream graphs; and (ii) this framework addresses the challenges from dynamic changes of the data graph caused by the insertion or deletion of edges. Experiments on 5 real-word graphs show the priority of StreamSC on accuracy and efficiency. </div>

Cited by 0Open access

The most unbiased box(node)-size distribution.

Petter Minnhagen (272412), Sebastian Bernhardsson (183992) · Figshare · 2015

&lt;p&gt;Panels a-d show the most unbiased distributions &lt;i&gt;n(k)&lt;/i&gt; obtained by the algorithm method: a) The variational solution &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;(&lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt;) = &lt;i&gt;A&lt;/i&gt; exp(−&lt;i&gt;bk&lt;/i&gt;)/&lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt; for the statistical states of the CBB-model compared to the average solution from the algorithm method in case of &lt;i&gt;N = 1000&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;M/N = 4&lt;/i&gt;. The fact that the two solutions agree reflects that the algorithm contains the least possible information compatible with the constraints: b) The same thing for the blind watchmaker version of the CBB-model. In this case the variational solution is &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;(&lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt;) = &lt;i&gt;A&lt;/i&gt; exp(−&lt;i&gt;bk&lt;/i&gt;)/&lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; and the agreement again reflects that no additional information is contained in the algorithm. The two curves in the panel corresponds to &lt;i&gt;N = 1000&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;M/N = 2&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;4&lt;/i&gt;, respectively. As seen the distribution becomes more power law like with increasing ratio : c) The corresponding network solution. The most unbiased solution in this case gives the blind watchmaker network structure. The variational solution cannot be simply obtained for the network case because of the network constraints. By contrast these constraints are easily incorporated into the algorithm method. The panel shows the average solution for &lt;i&gt;M/N = 4&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;N = 1000&lt;/i&gt;. The solution has a fat tail power law &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;(&lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt;)∼&lt;i&gt;k&lt;sup&gt;−γ&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/i&gt; with &lt;i&gt;γ&lt;/i&gt;≈2.1 : d) A real network is just one representation &lt;i&gt;n(k)&lt;/i&gt; and not an average . The panel shows a single network for &lt;i&gt;N = 1000&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;M/N = 4&lt;/i&gt;. A single network always contain large split-off nodes.&lt;/p&gt;

Cited by 0Open access

The prognostic significance of lymph node size in node-positive colon cancer

Philipp Schrembs, Benedikt Martin, Matthias Anthuber et al. · PLoS ONE · 2018

Metastasised lymph nodes affect all size categories, and large lymph nodes are not always metastasised. The combination of enlarged lymph nodes and a small lymph node metastasis to lymph node size ratio (MSR) is associated with a better prognosis than others. When enlarged lymph nodes were considered as surrogate markers of an effective local immune response due to nodal hyperplasia, the immune system could be seen as the confounder affecting both lymph node size and prognosis. Our results are pointing in this direction and, along with other reasons, are challenging the stage migration theory.

Cited by 31Open access

Metastatic lymph node size and colorectal cancer prognosis

Dipok Kumar Dhar, Hiroshi Yoshimura, Naoko Kinukawa et al. · Journal of the American College of Surgeons · 2005

MLN size is a strong prognostic variable in colorectal carcinoma. This new metric may help clinicians treating colorectal cancer patients, but additional studies are required before clinical application.

Cited by 48

Changes in Lymph Node Size Induced by Lymphangiography

Richard J. Steckel, Thomas P. Cameron · Radiology · 1966

We have been impressed on follow-up x-ray studies by a slow shrinkage in opacified pelvic and retroperitoneal nodes following lymphangiography. This change takes place over a period of one to nine months, and it occurs both in patients with abnormal lymphangiograms who have received no radiation or chemotherapy and in patients with normal lymphangiograms (Figs. 1 and 2). It is important to distinguish such “spontaneous shrinkage” of lymph nodes on serial films from changes caused by specific therapy. While dramatic shrinkage of opacified abnormal nodes can unquestionably be induced by therapy (as in some lymphomas), it is possible that unwarranted inferences of a therapeutic response are sometimes made from modest changes on follow-up films when these same lymph node changes might have occurred even in the absence of specific therapy! In an attempt to elucidate a cause for “spontaneous” changes in lymph node size, we performed unilateral hind-limb lymphangiography on dogs and then removed both popliteal nodes at various intervals after the injections. Three animals were used in this preliminary study, and the popliteal nodes were excised at intervals of one day, nineteen days, and forty-seven days. The nodes were weighed individually, and these ratios obtained: . The node from the injected side was heavier than the one from the injected side in each of the three animals in this pilot study. No radiographic changes in lymph node size were noted on serial roentgenograms of the dog, but the periods of observation were relatively short, and of course no statistical conclusions are either possible or warranted. Microscopic examination of the excised nodes was of interest. In Figure 3 are shown sections of both popliteal nodes which were removed at twenty-four hours from one of these animals. The node from the injected side is considerably enlarged, as compared with the node from the injected side. Numerous lacunae in the injected node represent globules of Ethiodol, which fill out and distend potential spaces in the lymph node reticulum. Therefore, most (if not all) of the increased volume of the injected node represents trapped Ethiodol, and radiographically observed decreases in lymph node size following lymphangiography might be caused by slow elution of this Ethiodol from the node over a period of months. The radiodensity of the node may not change appreciably in the initial follow-up period, however, because the globules of Ethiodol that remain are crowded closer together as the node slowly shrinks in size. Conclusion Lymph nodes are dynamic. They swell when foreign substances are trapped in quantity by the lymph node reticulum; presumably they decrease in size as these substances slowly leave the node. Therefore, it is not surprising that opacified lymph nodes appear to shrink radiographically over a period of months following Ethiodol injection.

Cited by 15

Mediastinal lymph node size in an Asian population

John G. Murray, Martin O’Driscoll, John J. Curtin · British Journal of Radiology · 1995

There is a high incidence of respiratory tuberculosis in the British population of Indian subcontinent (Asian) ethnic origin. Granulomatous diseases can cause long term lymph node enlargement. Separate computed tomography (CT) criteria for normal nodal size could therefore be necessary when staging thoracic malignancy in Asian patients. The objective of this study was to measure mediastinal lymph node size in an Asian population, and to correlate nodal size with previous tuberculosis. Chest CT scans on all Asian patients over a 5 year period were reviewed and those with pulmonary disease, malignancy or grossly distorted anatomy were excluded. The study group consisted of 48 patients (26 male, 22 female) aged 10-75 years (mean 47 years). All nodes were measured and the site of those greater than 7 mm was recorded using the American Thoracic Society (ATS) lymph node map. 81.3% of patients had nodes less than or equal to 7 mm at all ATS stations, 10.4% had nodes of 8-10 mm and 8.3% had nodes greater than 10 mm. All nodes measuring more than 7 mm were in regions 4R, 10R and 7. Fourteen patients had signs of previous tuberculosis, and in this group 50% had nodes greater than 7 mm as compared with 6% in the group with no signs of previous tuberculosis (p < 0.001, X2 test). Despite these differences only four of the 48 patients (8.3%) had nodes greater than 10 mm, which is in keeping with other general population studies. Thus the generally accepted size criteria for mediastinal lymph node enlargement (greater than 10 mm) can reasonably be applied to all Asian patients when staging lymphoma or bronchogenic carcinoma.

Cited by 12

Size efficiency for sensor node with embedded processing unit

Alee Naufal, Phaklen Ehkan, Latifah Munirah Kamarudin et al. · 2016

Due to increase embedded computer technology, it has been increasingly used in many research field including area of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). The principle of embedded technology is flexible but low operational cost. Nowadays, embedded system technology is chosen because it offers brilliant solutions from many possibilities combined with its nature of economic and feasibility of advanced. This paper presents the way to minimize storage needed for WSN that deals with voice signal. Since the embedded computer is used as aggregator node and able to do extract voice signal using feature extraction, results show that size needed for storing and transmitting of high quality voice signal will significantly decrease after doing feature extraction.

Cited by 1

Scatter plot between node degree and cluster volume size.

Emil H. J. Nijhuis (419939), Anne-Marie van Cappellen van Walsum (419940), David G. Norris (419941) · Figshare · 2015

&lt;p&gt;Scatter plot describing the relationship between node degree [mean 97.59±43.73(SD)] and cluster volume size as a fraction of the entire grey matter volume [median 0.099%, 0.016% (SD)] of a subset of 6,300 brain network nodes from all subjects. The correlation of the measures between all nodes is r&lt;sub&gt;1259998&lt;/sub&gt; = .15.&lt;/p&gt;

Cited by 0Open access