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About 10,000 papers for “optical interference”
Daniel F. Styer · Cambridge University Press eBooks · 2000
We have uncovered the first central principle of quantum mechanics, which is that the outcome of an experiment cannot, in general, be predicted exactly; only the probabilities of the various outcomes can be found. In particular, for the magnetic arrow of a silver atom, we know:
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Jenny Magnes, Juan M Merlo-Ramírez · 2025
This chapter is dedicated to the study of wave interference, its origin and properties. We begin by outlining the basic properties of waves and deriving the one-dimensional wave equation. Then, we find and analyze the solutions that describe standing and traveling waves in open space. The treatment is then extended to higher dimensions introducing the idea of wavefront. Next, we focus on the principle of superposition and show the interaction between multiple waves one and two dimensions. We analyze how phase shifts and wave vector orientations determine regions of constructive and destructive interference. The chapter concludes by linking these concepts to electromagnetic waves, deriving their governing equations from Maxwell’s laws and discussing the role of polarization in interference patterns.
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Georg A. Reider · Photonics · 2016
As a consequence of the linearity of Maxwell’s equations, the total electromagnetic field that results from a superposition of fields is the vector sum of the fields; practically all optical detectors, however, respond to the light intensity, i.e., to the absolute square of the field. The linear superposition principle generally applies only to the fields, but not to the intensity of a superposition of fields. Deviations from the linear superposition of intensities are called interference; in the following we will discuss important manifestations thereof.
Cited by 0Open access
Chwei Goong Tseng, Yuan Show Jiang · Measurement Science and Technology · 2005
The shadow moire technique, which is a straightforward method for contactless non-destructive metrological measurements associated with digital image processing, was used to erect a micro-movement measurement system and to design a dilatometer. By adjusting the angle of inclination of the reference grating and the angle of incident light, the sensitivity of the measurement system could be controlled. A piezoelectric material with nanometer precision was used to calibrate the measurement system. The moire interference fringes grabbed by a CCD camera were obtained and then input into the computer, in which the digital image processing technique was employed to improve the resolution of the fringes dramatically. The results revealed that one could measure the micro-movement accurately with a slight error of about 4% using the present set-up. A dilatometer equipped with the above-mentioned measurement system was established. By comparing the thermal expansion of the specimen with the reference material, the thermal expansion coefficient of the specimen can be determined precisely, which agrees well with the literature values.
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C. W. von Rosenberg, Daniel W. Trainor · 1975
Abstract : The authors previously reported a number of results from studies of IR emission from nascent oxone formed by the three body recombination O + O2 + M to O3(*) + M (M = O2, N2). In the present program, they extended these results by looking for emission from the (101) combination band (4. 7 micrometers) and by looking for evidence of the excited (but bound) triplet state predicted by recent theoretical efforts. They justified the assumption of either equal quantum efficiencies of excitation for nu1 and nu3 or rapid V-V coupling between them. Experimentally, emission was sought both from nu1 and nu3 vibration/rotation transitions of the excited electronic states (1-0 transitions predicted), and from the (forbidden) triplet to singlet electronic state transitions.
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Scott W. Teare · SPIE eBooks · 2017
When making almost any measurement, there will be competition between unwanted signals and the desired signal. A photodetector can be sensitive to a wide range of light wavelengths, while the signal of interest is confined to a narrow range of wavelengths. As a result, the detector can be saturated by the unwanted wavelengths of light, and the desired signal can be lost. Even if the detector is not saturated, the unwanted light can easily dominate the detector response and mask the signal. The simplest way avoid unwanted light in the detector is to keep it from entering the detector in first place. This is the role of an optical filter that only allows the desired wavelengths of light to pass. There are many types of optical filters, including colored gel filters and interference filters. Gel filters absorb select wavelengths of light and reduce their intensity on the other side of the filter. Interference filters exploit properties of wave optics such as constructive and destructive interference to remove unwanted wavelengths or to enhance desired wavelengths. These filters, their design, and their use in making composite filters when combined with gel filters will be the major thrust of this chapter. Multilayer dielectric filters can be used to construct bandpass and reject filters as well as low- and high-pass filters. These filters are used in many applications including astronomy, engineering, biology, and commercial color cameras. Such filters are indispensable in our image-laden, optics-driven world. In this chapter, the transfer matrix approach introduced in Chapter 6 will be extended to design and evaluate the properties of optical interference filters, which can be used for many applications. We will discuss how to develop the mathematics for thin film interference filters and design these filters for specific purposes using MATLAB.
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J. A. Dobrowolski · NPARC · 2004
NRC publication: Yes
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Dukhyun Choi (1713805), ChangKyun Shin (1794355), Daesung Yoon (1764958) et al. · Figshare · 2016
Understanding\noptical interference is of great importance in fundamental\nand analytical optical design for next-generation personal, industrial,\nand military applications. So far, various researches have been performed\nfor optical interference phenomena, but there have been no reports\non plasmonic optical interference. Here, we report that optical interference\ncould be effectively coupled with surface plasmons, resulting in enhanced\noptical absorption. We prepared a three-dimensional (3D) plasmonic\nnanostructure that consists of a plasmonic layer at the top, a nanoporous\ndielectric layer at the center, and a mirror layer at the bottom.\nThe plasmonic layer mediates strong plasmonic absorption when the\nconstructive interference pattern is matched with the plasmonic component.\nBy tailoring the thickness of the dielectric layer, the strong plasmonic\nabsorption can facilely be controlled and covers the full visible\nrange. The plasmonic interference in the 3D nanostructure thus creates\nbrilliant structural colors. We develop a design equation to determine\nthe thickness of the dielectric layer in a 3D plasmonic nanostructure\nthat could create the maximum absorption at a given wavelength. It\nis further demonstrated that the 3D plasmonic nanostructure can be\nrealized on a flexible substrate. Our 3D plasmonic nanostructures\nwill have a huge impact on the fields of optoelectronic systems, biochemical\noptical sensors, and spectral imaging.
Cited by 0Open access
Dukhyun Choi, Chang Kyun Shin, Dae-Sung Yoon et al. · Nano Letters · 2014
Understanding optical interference is of great importance in fundamental and analytical optical design for next-generation personal, industrial, and military applications. So far, various researches have been performed for optical interference phenomena, but there have been no reports on plasmonic optical interference. Here, we report that optical interference could be effectively coupled with surface plasmons, resulting in enhanced optical absorption. We prepared a three-dimensional (3D) plasmonic nanostructure that consists of a plasmonic layer at the top, a nanoporous dielectric layer at the center, and a mirror layer at the bottom. The plasmonic layer mediates strong plasmonic absorption when the constructive interference pattern is matched with the plasmonic component. By tailoring the thickness of the dielectric layer, the strong plasmonic absorption can facilely be controlled and covers the full visible range. The plasmonic interference in the 3D nanostructure thus creates brilliant structural colors. We develop a design equation to determine the thickness of the dielectric layer in a 3D plasmonic nanostructure that could create the maximum absorption at a given wavelength. It is further demonstrated that the 3D plasmonic nanostructure can be realized on a flexible substrate. Our 3D plasmonic nanostructures will have a huge impact on the fields of optoelectronic systems, biochemical optical sensors, and spectral imaging.
Cited by 43
A. H. Sarrafian, Linnecke,C. B., W. Hartung · Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) · 1975
A 2-milliwatt He-Ne laser and beam-forming optics were used in a new light source. Solid state silicon photodiodes replaced the former photomultiplier tube. Two units, a two-channel amplitude comparator (to use the outputs from the interference channel and the normal channel to determine whether particles scanned are transparent or opaque, rejecting the latter) and a Pulse Height/Pulse Width discriminator (which sorts particles according to size and opacity) were fabricated. Nomarski prisms were abandoned as part of the detector system and some success with Wollaston prisms was had where lateral separation of beams occurred. Wollaston prisms produced a 1 deg divergence or recombining angle. A third, 0.6 deg Wollaston prism was added later to restore parallelism to the emerging light. The optical system of an operational interference optical scanner was studied. Optical interference can be used on a PACT system to render transparent organisms readily visible. More work is needed to perfect techniques and optical subassemblies for this last application. (Author)
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Wolfgang Bacsa, Revathi Bacsa, T.G. Myers · SpringerBriefs in physics · 2020
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B. Vincent Stenger, C. Phd, J. Dr et al. · 2003
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Ce Chen, Yi-Yian Yin, D. S. Elliott · Physical Review Letters · 1990
We report observations of an interference between optical transition amplitudes for linear and nonlinear excitation of the mercury 6s $^{1}\mathrm{S}_{0}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6p $^{1}\mathrm{P}_{1}$ transition. The transition probability is varied sinusoidally by changing the relative phase of the two fields inducing these distinct processes.
Cited by 311
D.K. Awasthi, Sarita Chauhan · Anusandhaan - Vigyaan Shodh Patrika · 2017
Sunlight is composed of several colours like- violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red. These colours can be observed by passing sunlight through prism. When this monochromatic light reflected through soap bubble or oil film on water, several colours are observed. The basic principle in this process is interference of light waves. Where thin film multilayer optical coating can change the colours and intensities of the reflected and passing beams of light from particular chemical coating on lenses.
Cited by 0Open access
Ryan C. Bailey, Mohammed Parpia, Joseph T. Hupp · Materials Today · 2005
Chemical and biological sensing are problems of tremendous contemporary technological importance in multiple regulatory and human health contexts, including environmental monitoring, water quality assurance, workplace air quality assessment, food quality control, many aspects of biodiagnostics, and, of course, homeland security. Frequently, what is needed, or at least wanted, are sensors that are simultaneously cheap, fast, reliable, selective, sensitive, robust, and easy to use. Unfortunately, these are often conflicting requirements. Over the past few years, however, a number of promising ideas based on optical interference effects have emerged. Each is based to some extent on advances in the design and fabrication of functional materials. Generally, the advances are of two kinds: chemo- and bio-selective recognition and binding, and efficient methods for micropatterning or microstructuring.
Cited by 22Open access
M.H. Freeman · Elsevier eBooks · 1990
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CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · 1998
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Malik T. Al-Qdah · Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia) · 2006
Subcarrier Multiplexing (SCM) can be used to increase the capacity of any optical network. Both Single-Optical-Carrier (SOC) and Multiple- Optical-Carrier (MOC) SCM systems can be employed. However, in SCMMOC systems, when two lasers carrying subcarrier channels operate with very close spaced wavelength, beating between the lasers and beating between the lasers and Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) terms can occur. This will increase the noise at the photodetector. This type of noise is called Optical Beat Interference (OBI) and it is dependent on the accumulated Chromatic Dispersion (CD) experienced transmission. This thesis establishes a new approach to reduce OBI by suppressing the optical carrier. The effect of OBI in the presence of FWM is also examined and analyzed. Additionally, applications of OBI in optical communications are investigated, particularly for measuring CD and the modulator frequency chirp.The new approach for OBI reduction uses optical carrier suppression. This method achieved a 28 dB improvement in the Carrier-To- Interference (CIR) ratio. In addition, OBI penalty in SCM-MOC network in the presence of FWM is studied mathematically and verified through a simulation exercise, which shows that the maximum number of subcarrier or the bandwidth of the SCM-MOC system will be limited by Main-Beating and FWM-Beating when FWM is present. The novel technique for CD measurement is performed by simultaneously launching a pump and probe optical signals at ol angular optical frequency separation, and two phase-conjugated terms into the SMF. The relative power of the beat frequencies that appear after the photodetector at 01 and at 201 is used to determine the accumulated CD. This technique was successfully demonstrated using a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) as a phase conjugator to achieve a 19 dB relative power variation as a result of up to 1900 ps/nm CD change. A new method to measure the modulator frequency chirp parameter using OBI is performed in two steps. In the first step, the frequency separation between two optical signals passing through a phase conjugator is changed, produces a resonance reference frequency as a result of the accumulated fiber CD. In the second step, an RF modulated signal passes through the same length of fiber as in the first step. A second resonance frequency is produced as a result of fiber CD and modulator chirp. The difference between the two resonance frequencies is used to measure the modulator chirp. The new method achieves a measurement range of * 5 and maximum resonant frequency of 8.1 GHz at an accumulated CD 1632 ps/nm.
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H. P. Stabler · American Journal of Physics · 1962
First Page
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Yunxiao Zhang, Xuan Tang, Xueshi Guo et al. · ArXiv.org · 2025
Interference effects are usually observed by intensity measurement. Path indistinguishability by quantum complementarity principle requires projection of the interfering fields into a common indistinguishable mode before detection. On the other hand, the essence of wave interference is the addition of amplitudes of the interfering fields. Therefore, if amplitudes can be directly measured and added, interference can occur even though the interfering fields are in well-distinguishable modes. Here, we make a comprehensive study in both theory and experiment of a technique by homodyne measurement of field amplitudes to reveal interference. This works for both classical and quantum fields even though there exists distinguishability in the interfering paths of light. This directly challenges complementarity principle. We present a resolution of this issue from the viewpoint of measurement that emphasizes either particle or wave. This technique is particularly useful for recovering interference in unbalanced interferometers with path-imbalance beyond coherence length of the input field and can be applied to remote sensing to extend applicable range. Since the amplitude-based interference phenomena studied here are fundamentally different from the traditional intenisty-based interference phenomena, our approach leads to a new paradigm to study coherence between optical fields.
Cited by 0Open access