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About 10,000 papers for “outage probability”

Elementary expressions for outage probability

Saralees Nadarajah, S. Kotz · IEEE Communications Letters · 2006

Elementary expressions are derived for the outage probabilities of maximal ratio combining in the presence co-channel interference considered by Zhang and Beaulieu. The branch gains of the desired user signal and interfering signals experience Rayleigh fading and have the same correlation matrix. The expressions are given as finite sums of the double integral

Cited by 1

Outage Probability in Multimodal Networks

Ricky Hussmann · 2011

In the mid 1990's wireless researchers discovered that additional antennas located at the transmitter, receiver or both could help combat the unpredictable nature of the wireless channel. This field of research, known as MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output), became very active and has been thoroughly studied. Manufacturers have sought to incorporate these performance gains into their devices by including multiple transmit and receive antennas. However, as wireless devices such as mobile phones become smaller it becomes impractical to design a handset with multiple antennas.;Cooperative diversity is a technique that may be employed when device sizes are too small to incorporate a local antenna array. Using cooperative diversity, multiple wireless nodes cooperate to pass a message from a source to a destination. This leads to a virtual antenna array, allowing single-antenna devices to enjoy the benefits of a MIMO system. While cooperative diversity offers benefits, it motivates additional wireless nodes in the network. Even without cooperative diversity, our lives are increasingly dependent on a growing number of wireless devices. It's obvious that the density of wireless devices in daily use will increase, and that rise in popularity demands the most optimal use of node resources.;Unfortunately, it has been shown that as the density of wireless devices for a given area increases, in the limit, the capacity of the network goes to zero. Even with advances such as MIMO and cooperative diversity, it's obvious that a wireless-only future is impossible. For non-diminishing throughput, as wireless networks continue to grow in size, networks of the future will continue to incorporate additional modes of communication; wired, infrared, ultrasonic or other. In our work, we provide a strategy for harnessing these additional modes and optimizing across all the available modes of communication.;In this thesis, we present a protocol for wireless relay networks with an additional non- fading mode of communication available. As an example, we assume the presence of an additional wired channel in a relay network operating under the Laneman protocol, and we find analytical expressions for outage probability assuming communications over the wired and wireless channels are jointly optimized. We consider two cases: adding a channel between the source and a relay, and adding a channel between a relay and the destination. We show that a channel placed between the source and a relay separated by a poor wireless channel improves performance with few assumptions on the characteristics of the wire and over a wide

Cited by 0Open access

Outage probability for soliton transmission

Vladimir Chernyak, Michael Chertkov, I. V. Kolokolov et al. · Europhysics Letters (EPL) · 2004

We study the interplay between amplifier noise and birefringent disorder in the case of strongly nonlinear (soliton) type of transmission in optical fibers. Assuming both noise and disorder to be weak, we evaluate the probability distribution function (PDF) of the Bit-Error-Rate (BER) for the values of BER that are much larger than the typical (average) value. The PDF tail that describes probability of the system outage shows log-normal shape, strongly dependent on the fiber length. We also discuss a simple timing shift technique capable of the outage compensation.

Cited by 1

Outage probability for soliton transmission

V. Chernyak, M. Chertkov, I. Kolokolov et al. · Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology)

\n \nWe study the interplay between amplifier noise and birefringent\ndisorder in the case of strongly nonlinear (soliton) type of\ntransmission in optical fibers. Assuming both noise and disorder\nto be weak, we evaluate the probability distribution function\n(PDF) of the Bit-Error-Rate (BER) for the values of BER that are\nmuch larger than the typical (average) value. The PDF tail that\ndescribes probability of the system outage shows log-normal\nshape, strongly dependent on the fiber length. We also discuss a\nsimple timing shift technique capable of the outage compensation.\n\n

Cited by 0

Outage probability in mobile radio systems

K.W. Sowerby · ResearchSpace (University of Auckland) · 1989

Outage probability calculations are presented for the analogue land mobile radio situation where in order to obtain satisfactory radio reception both a sufficient CNR and CIR need to be achieved simultaneously. Such calculations can be used in the design and analysis of mobile radio systems and may be particularly useful for investigating the effects of cochannel interference in cellular systems. The outage probability expressions are derived using previously reported statistical descriptions of mobile radio propagation. Attention is generally focussed on situations where signals suffer Rayleigh fading and/or lognormal shadowing. However calculations for Nakagami-m, Rice and Weibull fading are also considered. The rapid growth in cellular mobile radio systems has stimulated the development of outage probability calculations for multiple interferer situations. Previously, while single interferer situations had been treated exactly, multiple interferers had been treated by approximate methods. In this thesis exact multiple interferer outage probability expressions are presented for the Rayleigh fading and the joint 'fading and shadowing' (Suzuki) situations. Similar expressions, but for more limited cases, are also presented for lognormal and Nakagami-m statistics. Using results from these expressions the accuracies of several approximate outage probability methods are assessed. The exact outage probability expressions for multiple Suzuki interferer situations are closely related to those for multiple Rayleigh interferer situations. Indeed, the exact analytic expressions for Rayleigh statistics form an integral part of the corresponding outage probability expressions for Suzuki statistics. These latter expressions can be readily evaluated using Gauss-Hermite numerical integration. In order to demonstrate the use of such calculations for mobile radio system analysis several theoretical examples are presented. Outage probability calculations for multiple interferer systems which employ diversity reception as a means of improving communications reliability are considered. Similarly, the extension of outage probability concepts to digital systems is briefly outlined.

Cited by 13

Outage probability under channel distribution uncertainty

Ioanna Ioannou, Charalambos D. Charalambous, Sergey Loyka · 2011

Outage probability of a class of block-fading (MIMO) channels is considered under channel distribution uncertainty, when the channel or its distribution are not known but the latter is known to belong to a class of distributions where each member is within a certain distance from a nominal distribution. Relative entropy is used as a measure of distance between distributions. Compound outage probability defined as min (over the input distribution) -max (over the channel distribution class) outage probability is introduced and investigated, which generalizes the standard outage probability to the case of partial channel distribution information. Compound outage probability characterization via one-dimensional convex optimization, its properties and approximations are given. It is shown to have a two-regime behavior: when the nominal outage probability decreases, the compound outage first decreases linearly down to a certain threshold and then only logarithmically (i.e. very slowly), so that no significant further decrease is possible. The input distribution optimized for the nominal channel distribution is shown to be also optimal for the whole class of distributions. The effect of swapping the distributions in relative entropy is investigated and an error floor effect is established. The obtained results hold for a generic channel model (arbitrary nominal fading and noise distributions).

Cited by 0

V-BLAST outage probability: analytical analysis

Sergey Loyka · 2003

An analytical approach to the performance analysis of the V-BLAST algorithm is discussed in this paper. It is based on closed-form analytical models of the three key algorithm components: interference cancellation, interference nulling and optimal ordering. The closed-form analytical model of the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization process is a key component of the proposed analysis method. It allows us to derive closed-form expressions for the signal at each detection step, to perform analytically statistical analysis for a Rayleigh-fading channel (i.e., diversity order etc.) and to obtain closed-form expressions for outage probabilities in the case of two Tx antennas. In particular, it is demonstrated that the optimal ordering does not result in increased diversity order, but only in a fixed SNR gain. Generalized versions of the V-BLAST algorithm proposed recently can be analyzed in a similar way.

Cited by 17

Caching at the Edge: Outage Probability

Estefanía Recayte, Andrea Munari · arXiv (Cornell University) · 2021

Caching at the edge of wireless networks is a key technology to reduce traffic in the backhaul link. However, a concentrated amount of requests during peak-periods may cause the outage of the system, meaning that the network is not able to serve the whole set of demands. The outage probability is a fundamental metric to take into account during the network design. In this paper, we derive the analytical expression of the outage probability as a function of the total amount of users requests, library size, requests distribution, cache size and capacity constraints on the backhaul resources. In particular, we focus on a scenario where end-users have no direct connection to the master node which holds the complete library of content that can be requested. A general formulation of the outage is derived and studied for two relevant caching schemes, i.e. the random caching scheme and the most popular caching schemes. The exact closed form expressions presented in this paper provide useful insights on how requests, memory and resources can be balanced when the parameters of a cache-enabled network have to designed.

Cited by 0Open access

Outage Probability for MIMO Relay Channel

Gabriel Pivaro, Gustavo Fraidenraich, Cláudio Ferreira Dias · IEEE Transactions on Communications · 2014

The channel capacity for the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relay channel is still an open problem. In view of this gap, upper and lower bounds were found by Wang et al., 2005. This paper presents an extensive study of mutual information and outage probability of Rayleigh fading MIMO relay channels based on the eigenvalues distribution for the sum of complex Wishart matrices. Interestingly, for certain scenarios, upper and lower bounds are coincident providing the real channel capacity. To compute outage probability, a Gaussian approximation for mutual information has been used. Furthermore, it was proposed an equivalent distribution for the sum of Wishart matrices, which proves to be excellent in all scenarios. Closed-form expressions for probability density function and outage probability have been found for the general case of any number of antennas and any SNR values. Analytical expressions have been validated by means of Monte Carlo simulations.

Cited by 4

Average outage probability of different systems.

Meng Han (782687), Xianfei Zhou (17283674), Jianlin Jiao (6536108) et al. · Figshare · 2023

<div><p>In order to facilitate the observation in the process of secondary equipment operation and maintenance supervision and the detection and tracking of operation and maintenance personnel, a secondary operation and maintenance supervision system based on AR modeling and indoor positioning is designed. The whole system is divided into seven levels and a unified information base, in which the basic level contains all kinds of secondary equipment; AR modeling layer uses augmented reality technology to create models for each secondary equipment in the basic layer, and determines the equipment position information based on ranging positioning technology; The data acquisition layer collects all kinds of original management data based on the constructed secondary equipment model; The data analysis layer reads and analyzes the information of the data acquisition layer through the data bus; The process support layer provides task scheduling support for the integrated management application based on the data analysis results; The integrated application layer uniformly monitors the secondary equipment based on the task scheduling results; The presentation layer is responsible for the interface presentation of all operation and maintenance and security management information of the system, and the unified information base provides data support for the whole system. The experimental results show that the secondary equipment model in the designed system has high definition, can obtain more image details, can realize the 3D display and real-time interaction of the secondary equipment operation and maintenance supervision results, and accurately mark the target and track for the staff.</p></div>

Cited by 0Open access

Outage probability analysis of maritime FSO links

Yalçın Ata, Mohamed‐Slim Alouini · Frontiers in Communications and Networks · 2023

In this paper, the outage performance of the maritime free-space optical (FSO) communication system is analyzed, and a new maritime FSO link configuration is presented. The channel model for maritime FSO link includes the combined effect of turbulence, pointing error, angle-of-arrival (AOA) fluctuations, and attenuation. While the maritime turbulence channel is modeled by lognormal distribution, pointing error and AOA fluctuations are assumed to be Beckmann and Rayleigh distributed, respectively. The turbulence power spectrum is considered to present the Kolmogorov characteristics, and the Rytov variance of a propagating Gaussian beam in maritime environment is obtained. The probability density function (PDF), cumulative distribution function (CDF), and outage probability of the maritime communication channel are obtained analytically. The outage performance of a maritime communication link is given depending on various parameters of the maritime environment, the Gaussian beam, and the (FSO) communication system.

Cited by 1Open access

Outage Probability Analysis of Maritime FSO Links

Yalçın Ata, Mohamed‐Slim Alouini · 2022

<p> In this paper, the outage probability of maritime free-space optical communication system is analyzed. Maritime turbulence channel is modeled by Lognormal distribution. Channel model includes the combined effect of turbulence, pointing error, angle-of-arrival (AOA) fluctuations, and attenuation. Pointing error and AOA fluctuations are assumed to be Beckmann and Rayleigh distributed, respectively. Turbulence power spectrum is considered to present the Kolmogorov characteristics and Rytov variance of a propagating Gaussian beam is obtained. The probability density function, cumulative distribution function and outage probability of maritime communication channel are obtained analytically. Outage performance of a maritime communication link is given depending on various parameters of the maritime environment, the Gaussian beam, and the communication system. </p>

Cited by 0Open access

Outage Probability of Rician Fading Relay Channels

Yonglan Zhu, Yan Xin, Pooi‐Yuen Kam · 2006

In this paper, we consider the decode-and-forward (DF) relay network system over Rician fading channels. We derive an analytical expression for the outage probability of the highest achievable information rate of the system, which can be evaluated by employing standard numerical techniques. We also obtain some simple but tight lower and upper bounds on the derived outage probability by using the geometrical representation of the distribution of the Hermitian quadratic form. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of the correlation coefficient between the transmitted signals from the source and relay. We disclose that when the Rice factors are relatively large, the optimal correlation coefficient that minimizes the outage probability is not necessarily zero, and instead it generally depends on the signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), Rice factors, as well as the rate threshold

Cited by 9

Outage Probability Analysis of Maritime FSO Links

Yalçın Ata, Mohamed‐Slim Alouini · 2022

<p> In this paper, the outage probability of maritime free-space optical communication system is analyzed. Maritime turbulence channel is modeled by Lognormal distribution. Channel model includes the combined effect of turbulence, pointing error, angle-of-arrival (AOA) fluctuations, and attenuation. Pointing error and AOA fluctuations are assumed to be Beckmann and Rayleigh distributed, respectively. Turbulence power spectrum is considered to present the Kolmogorov characteristics and Rytov variance of a propagating Gaussian beam is obtained. The probability density function, cumulative distribution function and outage probability of maritime communication channel are obtained analytically. Outage performance of a maritime communication link is given depending on various parameters of the maritime environment, the Gaussian beam, and the communication system. </p>

Cited by 0Open access

Spatial Outage Probability Formula for CDMA Networks

Kélif, J. M., Marceau Coupechoux, Godlewski, Ph. · SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository · 2007

In this paper, we propose a new framework for the study of cellular networks called the fluid model and we derive from this model analytical formulas for interference, outage probability, and spatial outage probability. The key idea of the fluid model is to consider the discrete base stations (BS) entities as a continuum of transmitters which are spatially distributed in the network. This allows us to obtain simple analytical expressions of the main characteristics of the network. In this paper, we focus on CDMA systems. This approach is however also applicable to other technologies like OFDMA. A closed-form formula of the downlink other-cell interference factor, f, is provided and compared to simulations performed in a traditional hexagonal network. From f, we are able to derive the global outage probability and the spatial outage probability, which depends on the location of a mobile station (MS) initiating a new call.

Cited by 0

Fluid Antenna System: Secrecy Outage Probability Analysis

José David Vega Sánchez, Luis Urquiza-Aguiar, Henry Carvajal Mora et al. · IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology · 2024

The fluid antenna system (FAS) has emerged as a disruptive technology that promises outstanding diversity and multiplexing gains comparable to or better than multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), but without the issues of channel state information (CSI) acquisition and the advantage of requiring smaller physical spaces of upcoming user devices. This work investigates the potentialities of this technology to provide secure transmissions by analysing the secrecy outage probability (SOP) of two different implementations of FAS undergoing spatial correlated Nakagami- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$</tex-math></inline-formula> fading by assuming <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$i)$</tex-math></inline-formula> non-diversity FAS and maximum-gain combining-FAS (MGC-FAS) diversity scheme at the legitimate node and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ii)$</tex-math></inline-formula> multiple-antennas performing maximal ratio combining (MRC) at the eavesdropper. Specifically, using a novel asymptotic matching method, a simple and accurate closed-form approximations to the end-to-end signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) distributions are derived in terms of well-known functions without incurring tricky functions or multi-fold integrals. Our findings reveal that the secrecy performance of the MGC-FAS beats the non-diversity FAS counterpart only when <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$i)$</tex-math></inline-formula> the antenna size of the FAS tube is large enough, and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ii)$</tex-math></inline-formula> the average SNR of the legitimate path is much greater than that of the eavesdropper link. Finally, numerical results validate our approximations of the SOP for the MGC-FAS scheme and demonstrate its accuracy under different FAS conditions.

Cited by 16

Outage Probability Analysis of THz Relaying Systems

Alexandros–Apostolos A. Boulogeorgos, Angeliki Alexiou · arXiv (Cornell University) · 2020

This paper focuses on quantifying the outage performance of terahertz (THz) relaying systems. In this direction, novel closed-form expressions for the outage probability of a dual-hop relaying systems, in which both the source-relay and relay-destination links suffer from fading and stochastic beam misalignment, are extracted. Our results reveal the importance of taking into account the impact of beam misalignment when characterizing the outage performance of the system as well as when selecting the transmission frequencies.

Cited by 0Open access