Skip to content
Free planNo credit card requiredStart writing

Search 250 million research papers

Read the abstract, see who wrote it and who cites it, and get the citation in APA, MLA, Chicago or Harvard.

About 10,000 papers for “position operator”

Financial Position of Farm Operator Households

Mary Clare Ahearn, Ahearn, Mary Clare · AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA) · 2012

This paper explores the income situation and outlook for family farms from both farm and offfarm sources. The paper analyzes 2010 estimates, the latest year for which USDA survey data exist, and forecasts for 2011 and 2012. The paper also has a focus on the 20 percent of farmers and ranchers who make up the beginning farmer and rancher population.

Cited by 4Open access

Photon position operator with commuting components

Margaret Hawton · Physical Review A · 1999

A photon position operator with commuting components is constructed, and it is proved that it equals the Pryce operator plus a term that compensates for the adiabatic phase. Its eigenkets are transverse and longitudinal vectors, and thus states can be selected that have definite polarization or helicity. For angular momentum and boost operators defined in the usual way, all of the commutation relations of the Poincar\'e group are satisfied. This new position operator is unitarily equivalent to the Newton-Wigner-Pryce position operator for massive particles.

Cited by 63

Quantum-Mechanical Position Operator in Extended Systems

Raffaele Resta · Physical Review Letters · 1998

The position operator (defined within the Schr\"odinger representation in the standard way) becomes meaningless when periodic boundary conditions are adopted for the wave function, as usual in condensed matter physics. I show how to define the position expectation value by means of a simple many-body operator acting on the wave function of the extended system. The relationships of the present findings to the Berry-phase theory of polarization are discussed.

Cited by 700Open access

Position of the Position of the RPR Standard in Contemporary Operator Environments

Salvatore Spadaro

<html xmlns:o=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns=3D"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"> <head> <meta http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dus-ascii"> <meta name=3DProgId content=3DWord.Document> <meta name=3DGenerator content=3D"Microsoft Word 11"> <meta name=3DOriginator content=3D"Microsoft Word 11"> <link rel=3DFile-List href=3D"IEEE%20802_archivos/filelist.xml"> <title>IEEE 802</title> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Author>Biblioteca de Ciencias y Tecnolog&#237;a</o:Author> <o:Template>Normal</o:Template> <o:LastAuthor>Biblioteca de Ciencias y Tecnolog&#237;a</o:LastAuthor> <o:Revision>2</o:Revision> <o:TotalTime>1</o:TotalTime> <o:Created>2006-03-21T23:03:00Z</o:Created> <o:LastSaved>2006-03-21T23:03:00Z</o:LastSaved> <o:Pages>1</o:Pages> <o:Words>165</o:Words> <o:Characters>908</o:Characters> <o:Company>UCLA</o:Company> <o:Lines>7</o:Lines> <o:Paragraphs>2</o:Paragraphs> <o:CharactersWithSpaces>1071</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:Version>11.6360</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:SpellingState>Clean</w:SpellingState> <w:GrammarState>Clean</w:GrammarState> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing>6 pto</w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing> <w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery>2</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery>2</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=3D"false" LatentStyleCount=3D"156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:612.1pt 792.1pt; margin:4.0cm 3.0cm 3.0cm 3.0cm; mso-header-margin:35.45pt; mso-footer-margin:35.45pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> </head> <body lang=3DES style=3D'tab-interval:35.4pt'> <div class=3DSection1> <p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'text-align:justify'><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>IEEE 802.17, Resilient Packet Ring (RPR), is a new technology for ring-based metropolitan area networks that enables efficient transfer of data traffic as well as fast protection mechanisms. Many metropolitan networks use a physical ring structure. It is a natural environment for the SONET/SDH networks that con- stitute the bulk of current metropolitan network infrastructure. This article deals with the fundamentals and current standardization efforts for IEEE 802.17 Resilient Packet Ring (RPR). Its special resilience features make this technology robust against outages of the network infrastructure. The article overviews the fundamentals of RPR and the standardization process carried out under the auspices of IEEE and the International Telecommunication Union. Some potentially hazardous situations involving traffic assignments have also been defined and illustrated. A possible situations where the simplicity, enhanced throughput, and automatic resilience features of RPR may be advantageous for network operators have been identified in the concluding part.<o:p></o:p></span> </div> </body> </html>

Cited by 0

The Quantum-Mechanical Position Operator in Extended Systems

Resta, R. · arXiv (Cornell University) · 1997

The position operator (defined within the Schroedinger representation in the standard way) becomes meaningless when periodic boundary conditions are adopted for the wavefunction, as usual in condensed matter physics. We show how to define the position expectation value by means of a simple many-body operator acting on the wavefunction of the extended system. The relationships of the present findings to the Berry-phase theory of polarization are discussed.

Cited by 0Open access

Unique one-body position operator for periodic systems

Stefano Evangelisti, Faten Abu-Shoga, Celestino Angeli et al. · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · 2022

In this work we prove that the one-body position operator for periodic systems that we have recently proposed [Phys. Rev. B 99, 205144 (2019)] is unique modulo a phase factor and an additive constant. The proof uses several general physical constraints that a periodic one-body position operator should satisfy. We show that these constraints are sufficient to uniquely define a position operator that is compatible with periodic boundary conditions.

Cited by 11Open access

Drilling Program Financing and the Operator Risk/Return Position

Robert J. Batt · 1977

Society of Petroleum Engineers 6200 North Central Expressway Dallas, Texas 75206THIS PAPER IS SUBJECT TO CORRECTIONAmerican Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc.Introduction. The purpose of the drilling program is to raise venture capital for exploration and, to a lesser extent, development activities of petroleum producers. As a financing form, petroleum producers. As a financing form, although not entirely unique, it is particularly well adapted to the petroleum industry. The programs are able to capitalize on -the various features of the industry to provide an investment package that is attractive to (wealthy) outside investors.Drilling programs are joint ventures, usually organized as limited partnerships, which permit petroleum operators and outside investors to participate in petroleum exploration and development. The operator assumes the role of general partner with the outside investors becoming limited partners. One feature of these programs is that they permit the pass-through to the outside investor of any tax benefits of the venture. Although this is the feature that receives the most attention, it is not the main purpose of these programs.To the operator, the drilling program form of financing provides an additional degree of flexibility that is not available through more traditional financing sources. By taking advantage of this flexibility, the petroleum operator can not only obtain the needed financing, but can also receive other benefits.Goals such as meeting current cash needs and providing continued support of the technical operations of the petroleum operator are also met by drilling programs. However, the target of this paper is to concentrate on the effects on the operator's risk/return position. It is aimed at showing how specific features of drilling programs provide the means of achieving satisfactory risk/return levels for the operator. It also is intended to point out particular risk/return characteristics that particular risk/return characteristics that would be unacceptable to the operator.STANDARD FINANCIAL THEORY. Standard financial theory basically assumes that sources of funds employed by a firm can be classified as either equity or debt. Although this theory recognizes that variations of debt and equity exist, the analytical approach generally applied is to convert these

Cited by 0

Displacement operator for quantum systems with position-dependent mass

Filho, R. N. Costa, Almeida, M. P., Farias, G. A. et al. · arXiv (Cornell University) · 2011

A translation operator is introduced to describe the quantum dynamics of a position-dependent mass particle in a null or constant potential. From this operator, we obtain a generalized form of the momentum operator as well as a unique commutation relation for $\hat x$ and $\hat p_γ$. Such a formalism naturally leads to a Schrödinger-like equation that is reminiscent of wave equations typically used to model electrons with position-dependent (effective) masses propagating through abrupt interfaces in semiconductor heterostructures. The distinctive features of our approach is demonstrated through analytical solutions calculated for particles under null and constant potentials like infinite wells in one and two dimensions and potential barriers.

Cited by 0Open access