Herůfek, Radek · Brno University of Technology Digital Library (Brno University of Technology) · 2013
Bachelor thesis deals with an earth fault relay in compensated medium voltage distribution network. At the beginning of the thesis is described the method of operation compensated system and its advantages and disadvantages of using it. In addition, there is explained the definition of the ground fault, its types and there is outlined the method of solution asymmetrical single-phase fault. Thoroughly there is characterized distribution of voltages and currents, which is important for determination of affected and unaffected outlet. Among others, there is described the mode of action the arc suppression coil on caused fault current and also there are presented the auxiliary systems automation. In the next part the basic requirements for protections and its basic kinds are described. Finally the theoretical part describes principle of the earth fault relays and is presented means and methods used for indicate an affected outlet and earth fault localization. In the practical part, follows more detailed description of the protection REM 543 and testing equipment OMICRON CMC 256 +. In addition, there is explained connection process and setting selected functions and modules for testing earth fault relay. Assessment of generated and played transient disturbance records at the end.
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Kudlacek, I., Zapadoceska universita, Plzen (Czech Republic) · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique) · 2003
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gamapvitor · 2023
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V. E. Glazyrin, I. I. Litvinov, А. А. Осинцев et al. · 2019
The article addresses the issues of obtaining a mathematical description of electrical parameters characterizing the out-of-step operation of a power system which is necessary for testing relay protection and emergency control automatic equipment based on distance principle of operation. In the work the method of forming the circular hodograph of impedance vector with the given parameters is proposed. The rigorous mathematical description of the electric parameters and the proposed verification algorithms can improve the quality of commissioning works as well as successfully automatize this process.
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Philip T. Krein, R. Klump, F. Bristol · 1992
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K.K. Bandyopadhyay, C.H. Hofmayer · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) · 1989
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is conducting a seismic test program on relays. The purpose of the test program is to investigate the influence of various designs, electrical and vibration parameters on the seismic capacity levels. The first series of testing has been completed and performed at Wyle Laboratories. The major part of the test program consisted of single axis, single frequency sine dwell tests. Random multiaxis, multifrequency tests were also performed. Highlights of the test results as well as a description of the testing methods are presented in this paper. 10 figs.
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Xiaolei Liu, Ahmed Osman, O.P. Malik · 2008
Relays usually need to be tested under a variety of fault and non-fault scenarios. In order to better achieve this goal, relay testing simulation tools based on EMTP/ATP combined with MATLAB/C/FORTRAN have been studied by a few researchers. However, there is hardly a relay testing tool designed for PSCAD/EMTDC. An advanced simulation tool based on PSCAD and MATLAB for relay testing is proposed in this paper. The simulation tool can not only batch test relay performance under various scenarios automatically, but also can solve the problem of PSCAD not being able to automatically generate scenarios at different fault locations. Examples are given in this paper to illustrate the application of the proposed simulation tool in relay testing. Tips on how to use the proposed tool for neural network training are also included.
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CW Dent, TW Watkins · 1992
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A. Nowakowski, A. Lisowiec, Z. Kołodziejczyk · 2011
Smart grids are those electrical transmission and distribution systems that are networked and equipped with computer intelligence. That enables them to employ advanced test strategies requiring special conditions of the grid. In the paper methods and equipment for on-line testing of analog and digital measurement channels of protection relays have been presented. During the test all protection functions of the device are active like during the normal work. Moreover no special hardware is installed inside the protection relay. The methods enable to reveal subtle changes in the measurement channel circuitry frequency characteristic caused for instance by an aging capacitor.
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Debra J. Richardson, Margaret C. Thompson · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · 1989
Fault-based testing focuses on the detection of particular classes of faults. RELAY is a fault-based testing technique whose model resembles a relay race. Analysis has shown that RELAY overcomes the weaknesses of other fault-based testing techniques.RELAY defines revealing conditions that guarantee that a fault originates an error during execution and that the error transfers through computations and data flow until a failure is revealed. This model of error detection provides a fault-based criterion for test data selection. The model is applied by choosing a fault classification, instantiating the conditions for the classes of faults, and evaluating them for the program being tested. Such an application guarantees the detection of errors caused by any fault of the chosen classes. As a formal model of error detection, RELAY provides the basis for an automated testing tool. This paper presents the concepts behind RELAY, discusses how RELAY could be used as the foundation for a testing system, and compares RELAY to other fault-based testing techniques.
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Michal Špes, Ľubomír Beňa, Miroslav Mikita et al. · Scientific Journals of Rzeszów University of Technology Series Electrotechnics · 2017
This article describes the digital protective relay REF 543 and its testing possibilities. The aim of this work is to verify overcurrent, undervoltage and overvoltage protection functions by indirect method using test equipment CMC 156. Among other things, IED REF 543 will be presented along with its features. The work is a space reserved for the description of the testing methods of protective relay.
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J. Rosenberger, H. Boche, J.A. Cabrera, C. Deppe, F.H.P. Fitzek · mediaTUM (Technical University of Munich)
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Anthony Hanson · Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers Part I Communication and Electronics · 1954
PRACTICALLY all of the telephone switching equipment in an exchange is made up of wired assemblies - assemblies of relays and other components interconnected by a multiplicity of wires. These assemblies are on frameworks generally 11 feet 6 inches high. Many of these frameworks are made up of smaller components called relay circuit units composed mainly of relays. Rotary switches, resistors, capacitors, jacks, etc., necessary for the operation of switching circuits may also be included. These components vary in height up to about 24 inches and after testing they are mounted in the larger frameworks. A careful check of connections and electrical continuity is essential to assure that these units will function properly when connected to other circuits in a telephone exchange.
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Bolgár, Robert · Brno University of Technology Digital Library (Brno University of Technology) · 2011
Cieľom práce je praktické použitie normy IEC 61850, ktorá sa zaoberá komunikáciou zariadení v rozvodni ale aj mimo ňu. Hlavná myšlienka je v návrhu modelu, ktorý bude slúžiť pre testovanie komunikácie medzi ochranami za pomoci testovacieho zariadenia CMC 256plus od firmy OMICRON a jeho softvérového vybavenia „IEDScout“, „GOOSE Configuration“ a „QuickCMC“.
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Vavreczky, Gábor · Brno University of Technology Digital Library (Brno University of Technology) · 2010
Hlavním úkolem této bakalářské práce je otestovat digitální ochranu 7SA610 od firmy Siemens. Cílem práce je seznámit se s nadproudovou funkcí ochrany a provést její testování pomocí sekundárního testeru TZO3. Tato práce k tomu poskytuje teoretické základy: zabývá se základními poruchovými stavy v elektrických sítích, podrobně popíše princip činnosti jednotlivých typů nadproudových ochran, a poskytuje informace o použitém testeru i o požité ochraně. V závěrečné části práce se na základě provedených testů navrhne laboratorní úloha, použitelná ve výuce na Ústavu Elektroenergetiky.
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F. Wang, Math Bollen · 2002
This paper discusses the use of large amounts of voltage disturbance (power quality) data for the testing of protection relays and algorithms. The large amount of data requires the use of an index quantifying the possible effect of the disturbance on relay operation. Two different approaches are presented. The initial-status-based classification results in an index, which quantifies the risk that a certain relay will give a mal-trip due to a given disturbance in voltage and/or current. The fundamental-component-based classification quantifies the error in the extraction of the fault detection function(s) due to nonfundamental frequency components in voltage or current. Several examples, based on measurement data, are presented for each index.
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Mahfoud Chafai, Hamid Bentarzi, Abderrahmane Ouadi et al. · 2013
The operational security of the power system depends on the successful function of thousands of relays that may be used in protective scheme. The failure of one relay of the protective scheme to operate as intended may jeopardize the stability of the entire power grid and hence may lead to blackout. In fact, major power system failures during transient disturbances are more likely to be caused by unnecessary protective relay tripping rather than by the failure of a relay to take action. In other words, the performance of protective relay or system is very important to be well known. Appropriate relay testing provides a first defense against relay mal-operations and hence improves power grid stability and prevents catastrophic bulk power system failures. In this work, new technologies that allow designing an enhanced relay testing system that can be used for improving the performance of protective relay have been used. A new PC based tester framework using acquisition card for generating transient disturbances such as power swing is proposed. In the present work, the signals have been generated by Simulink/MATLAB simulator under different conditions and outputted to external environment via AD622 board. The generated signals displayed on the scope are satisfactory.
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Martin Kramer · 2001
In this paper, the author introduces a current amplifier which uses a variable compliance voltage that provides the flexibility needed to cover a greater range of test environments for power system protection relays. This technology has the secondary advantage of being transformer-less-thus allowing a wider band frequency response ideal for testing modern and old relays.
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Lynne Hansen · Bell System Technical Journal · 1956
The large variety and quantity of shop-wired relay switching equipments produced by the Western Electric Company lead to the use of comprehensive and flexible manufacturing testing facilities to insure quality of product and to reduce costs. An older manual type test set is briefly described and used to illustrate the functions and operation of two automatic test sets designated as Card-O-Matic and Tape-O-Matic respectively.
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Charles J. Mozina, M. Young · IEEE Industry Applications Magazine · 2005
This paper discusses with the protective relay technology over the past 25 years has evolved from single-function electromechanical (EM) relays, to static (electronic) relays, and, finally, to digital multifunction relays. A significant number of these multifunction digital relays are being installed on medium-voltage electric power systems within industrial and commercial facilities. As was required in earlier EM and static relay technologies, digital relays also require commissioning and relay-setting verification. This article discusses the unique challenges the user faces in testing and commissioning digital multifunction relays. It also explores the impact on maintenance testing of self-diagnostics, the digital relay's internal capability to check itself for failures.
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