DigitalCommons - Kennesaw State University (Kennesaw State University) · 2017
Soil, dirt, sediment, what’s the difference? Depending upon whom you ask, you might get a radically different answer. Some sources state that the only difference between them has to do with their location: soil is the unconsolidated material on the ground, dirt is that same matter on your hands or clothes, and sediment is the same material on the bottom of a river or lake. Others define the differences based upon the size and shape of the material grains. For the purposes of this activity, we are going to define things the following ways. Soil is a complex, unconsolidated mixture of inorganic, organic, and living material that is found on the immediate surface of the earth that supports plant life. Dirt is any fine-grained, unconsolidated mixture that comes from the ground. Sediment is granular material that has been eroded by the forces of nature. Thus, soil can be considered dirt, and it can consist of sediments, but dirt and sediments are not necessarily soil. It is this last part of the definition of soil that is so important to us. Without soil, there would be no plant life on the surface of the land. Without plant life, we would not exist. We need it for food. We need it for oxygen. We need it for clothing and shelter. We need it for energy. There is a vital interplay between soil and plants, which makes it vitally important that we understand the fragile nature of soils.
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DigitalCommons - Kennesaw State University (Kennesaw State University) · 2017
Soil, dirt, sediment, what’s the difference? Depending upon whom you ask, you might get a radically different answer. Some sources state that the only difference between them has to do with their location: soil is the unconsolidated material on the ground, dirt is that same matter on your hands or clothes, and sediment is the same material on the bottom of a river or lake. Others define the differences based upon the size and shape of the material grains. For the purposes of this activity, we are going to define things the following ways. Soil is a complex, unconsolidated mixture of inorganic, organic, and living material that is found on the immediate surface of the earth that supports plant life. Dirt is any fine-grained, unconsolidated mixture that comes from the ground. Sediment is granular material that has been eroded by the forces of nature. Thus, soil can be considered dirt, and it can consist of sediments, but dirt and sediments are not necessarily soil. It is this last part of the definition of soil that is so important to us. Without soil, there would be no plant life on the surface of the land. Without plant life, we would not exist. We need it for food. We need it for oxygen. We need it for clothing and shelter. We need it for energy. There is a vital interplay between soil and plants, which makes it vitally important that we understand the fragile nature of soils.
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Milan Borišev (3342164), Ivana Borišev (3342185), Milan Župunski (3342182) et al. · Figshare · 2016
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Brett L. Allen, D. S. Fanning · Developments in psychiatry · 1983
Cited by 69
Snakin, Valerij V., Prisyazhnaya, A. A., Kovács-Láng, E. · 2001
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Hastings Natural History Reservation, University Of California Natural Reserve System, Jackson, Louis · UC Santa Barbara · 2004
Phospholipid ester-linked fatty acid (PLFA) profiles were used to evaluate soil microbial community composition for 9 land use types in two coastal valleys in California. These included irrigated and non-irrigated agricultural sites, non-native annual grasslands and relict, never-tilled or old field perennial grasslands. All 42 sites were on loams or sandy loams of similar soil taxa derived from granitic and alluvial material. We hypothesized that land use history and its associated management inputs and practices may produce a unique soil environment, for which microbes with specific environmental requirements may be selected and supported. We investigated the relationship between soil physical and chemical characteristics, management factors, and vegetation type with microbial community composition. Higher values of total soil C, N, and microbial biomass (total PLFA) and lower values of soil pH occurred in the grassland than cultivated soils. The Correspondence Analysis of the PLFA profiles and the Canonical Correspondence Analysis of PLFA profiles, soil characteristics, and site and management factors showed distinct groups for land use types. A given land use type could thus be identified by soil microbial community composition as well as similar soil characteristics and management factors. Differences in soil microbial community composition were highly associated with total PLFA, a measure of soil microbial biomass, suggesting that labile soil organic matter affects microbial composition. Management inputs, such as fertilizer, herbicide, and irrigation, also were associated with the distinctive microbial community composition of the different cultivated land use types. Further uses of gradients in microbial ecology and implications for soil quality and restoration are discussed.
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C. H. M. van Bavel · Agronomy monograph/Agronomy · 1965
Agronomic and ecological studies require methods for typifying the soil environment, including the composition of the gaseous phase. Since in situ methods have not been developed, it is necessary in either case that a sample of the soil atmosphere is obtained. There are two methods to obtain a sample of the soil atmosphere for analysis. The first method involves mass flow of air through the soil. This method of obtaining samples is objectionable where any significant volume of air is removed because one does not know the exact depth from which the sample originated. A second method, not subject to the foregoing objection, is dependent upon gaseous diffusion. In this method, the sample container is connected directly and permanently to the location of interest. Preference is given to obtaining a sample by diffusion. For incidental observations or measurements at considerable depth, withdrawing a sample by suction may be the only feasible method.
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Jianjun Yang (124022), Huan Xu (38476), Xinjun Wang (592145) · Figshare · 2022
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R. Evans · 2007
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Reuben Orumah Sani (22521985), Tobi Vincent Ogunro (22521988), Isaac Ibukun Akinwumi (22521991) · Figshare · 2025
<div> This study investigated the application of microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) using the bacterium <i><i>Bacillus Anthracis</i></i> for laterite subgrade soil improvement in road construction. The California bearing ratio (CBR), unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and hydraulic conductivity test were conducted on the bacterium-modified soil. A quasi-field comparative test was also carried out to assess the strength properties of the bio-cemented and natural laterite. According to the American Association of State Highway Officials, the natural soil was classified as A–6 (5), a fair to poor soil for use as a subgrade material, justifying the need for improvement. The natural soil’s CBR was improved by 80% at the 3 x 10<sup>8</sup> cells ml<sup>-1</sup> treatment. The soil was improved from “very soft to soft” to “stiff to very stiff” soil for all <i><i>Bacillus Anthracis</i></i> treatments, and the natural soils’ UCS value increased by 191% at 3.0 × 10<sup>8</sup> cells ml<sup>-1</sup> <i><i>Bacillus Anthracis</i></i> treatment, confirming the CBR results. Best improvements at 3 x 10<sup>8</sup> cells ml<sup>-1</sup> of <i><i>Bacillus Anthracis</i></i>-treated soil provided better subgrade protection from water infiltration. Optimal bacterium-treated soil performed better in the field than in the laboratory. Results obtained successfully demonstrated the application of bio-improved laterite as a subgrade material for road construction. </div>
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National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) · National Ecological Observatory Network · 2026
This data product contains the quality-controlled laboratory data and metadata for NEON's soil bacterial, archaeal, and fungal community composition analysis derived from soil microbial sampling. Taxon tables are derived from the 16S and ITS marker gene sequencing data product, NEON.DP1.10108. The DNA sequence data are processed using standard bioinformatics software to generate taxonomic data. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage. Latency: The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information. mcc\_soilSeqVariantMetadata\_16S: 730 mcc\_soilSeqVariantMetadata\_ITS: 730 mcc\_taxonTableLabSummary: 7
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McGeorge, W. T. (William Thomas), 1886- · The Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association
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Ahmedova Saodat Tashboltayevna, Xolbekov Baxtiyor Baymanovich, Tojiddinov Davronbek Ulug'bek o'g'li · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · 2024
This article provides information about the hygienic composition of the soil and the diseases that occur in it.
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Manju Yadav, Dinesh Kumar · 2021
Gain knowledge about the mysteries of soil chemistry and its function in farming and the atmosphere. Investigate the basic laws of soil chemistry, whether they impact absorption, transfer of cations and anions, and other processes. Explore how the most powerful powers in adsorption, chelation, etc., which involve influences of implementation speed, reaction time, weather effects, pH-to-salt saturation associations, and desorption. This chapter covers the accumulation of electric charge in the soil, which generates electrical and chemical potentials so that ions pass through barriers such as root membranes and plant bodies.
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Biotechnology Advances · 1993
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National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) · National Ecological Observatory Network · 2023
This data product contains the quality-controlled laboratory data and metadata for NEON's soil bacterial, archaeal, and fungal community composition analysis derived from soil microbial sampling. Taxon tables are derived from the 16S and ITS marker gene sequencing data product, NEON.DP1.10108. The DNA sequence data are processed using standard bioinformatics software to generate taxonomic data. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage. Latency: The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information. mcc\_soilSeqVariantMetadata\_16S: 730 mcc\_soilSeqVariantMetadata\_ITS: 730 mcc\_taxonTableLabSummary: 7
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Zhixin Liu (3350144), Dongmei Chen (124974), Jili Qu (20114285) · Figshare · 2025
<div> To study the mechanical properties and microscopic morphology of salt-affected soil after being improved by fiber types and contents, the article analyzes the unconfined compressive strength and shear strength of the sulfate-affected soil in Kashi, Xinjiang, China, which four different fiber contents have improved. Some samples are tested by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) microanalysis. The article selects the sample with the highest improved unconfined compressive strength for dry-wet cycling and dissolution test. The results show that polypropylene, polyester, and glass fiber can increase the maximum dry density of salt-affected soil. The unconfined compressive strength of the soil with 1% polyester fiber and 8% silica fume reinforcement is the highest, which is 1.98 times that of the original soil. The unconfined compressive strength of the soil with 1% polyester fiber reinforcement is the largest, 1.43 times that of the original soil. The unconfined compressive strength of the soil with 5% and 7% glass fiber reinforcement is relatively large, 1.56 and 1.57 times that of the original soil, respectively. The cohesion of the original soil is the largest. The internal friction angle of the soil with 6% glass fiber reinforcement is the largest. In addition, the addition of synthetic fibers can significantly reduce the dissolution coefficient of salt-affected soil, especially glass fibers. Through SEM and NMR analysis, it is found that fibers form a good clamping action with soil particles, and some fibers have a tight bond with the soil, reducing the porosity of the soil. </div>
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Wang Weipeng (732949), Liu Jianli (732950), Zhao Bingzi (732951) et al. · Figshare · 2015
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Zhongqun Guo (22850761), Qiangqiang Liu (1620688), Feiyue Luo (9269671) et al. · Figshare · 2025
<div> The acidic leachate injected during the mining process of ion-type rare earth ores can damage the environmental characteristics of the soil, thereby triggering the activation and release of associated heavy metals. Severe Zn contamination has been found in the environment of ion-type rare earth mining areas, but the activation and release of Zn in the soil during the leaching process have not been fully understood. This study investigated the activation and release patterns and mechanisms of Zn in soil under different leaching agents ((NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, MgSO<sub>4</sub>, Al<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>) and varying concentrations of Al<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (1%, 3%, 5%, 7%) using a simulated leaching experimental system. The results show that the activation and release patterns of Zn in the soil vary significantly under the influence of the three leaching agents. During the entire leaching cycle, the peak Zn concentration in the leachate was highest under MgSO<sub>4</sub> leaching, while the residual Zn content in the soil under Al<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> leaching approached the high-risk environmental threshold. The high-concentration systems (5%, 7%) of Al<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> significantly enhanced the activation and release efficiency of Zn in the soil compared to the low-concentration systems (1%, 3%) of Al<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>. (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> mainly promotes the activation and release of Zn through ion exchange between NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and Zn<sup>2+</sup> and the acidification effect; Al<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>, on the other hand, dominates the activation and release of Zn by providing a strongly acidic environment and dissolving and damaging the mineral lattice; while MgSO<sub>4</sub> not only exchanges ions between Mg<sup>2+</sup> and Zn<sup>2+</sup>, but also alters the soil colloidal structure, facilitating Zn activation and release. The promoting effects of the three leaching agents on the transformation of Zn in soil follow the order of Al<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>> (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> > MgSO<sub>4</sub>, with the environmental risk assessment index (RAC) being highest after Al<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> leaching, indicating the greatest potential environmental risk. Compared to the other three concentrations (1%, 5%, 7%) of Al₂(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>, the 3% concentration of Al<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> had the most significant promoting effect on the transformation of Zn in soil. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the green mining process of ion-type rare earth ores and preventing heavy metal pollution, and offers scientific support for revealing pollution mechanisms and formulating remediation and risk assessment strategies. </div>
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National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) · National Ecological Observatory Network · 2025
This data product contains the quality-controlled laboratory data and metadata for NEON's soil bacterial, archaeal, and fungal community composition analysis derived from soil microbial sampling. Taxon tables are derived from the 16S and ITS marker gene sequencing data product, NEON.DP1.10108. The DNA sequence data are processed using standard bioinformatics software to generate taxonomic data. For additional details, see the user guide, protocols, and science design listed in the Documentation section in this data product's details webpage. Latency: The expected time from data and/or sample collection in the field to data publication is as follows, for each of the data tables (in days) in the downloaded data package. See the Data Product User Guide for more information. mcc\_soilSeqVariantMetadata\_16S: 730 mcc\_soilSeqVariantMetadata\_ITS: 730 mcc\_taxonTableLabSummary: 7
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