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About 1,719 papers for “solid-vapor interface”

Synthesis of Metal Oxide Surface and Interface Arrays by a Combined Solid-Liquid- Vapor/Vapor-Liquid-Solid Approach

Alexandra J. Riddle · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky) · 2020

This project was motivated by an in situ heating experiment in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) in which gold (Au) nanoparticles were observed to dissolve tin dioxide (SnO2) nanowires (NWs) under vacuum. The explanation for this observation was that the high-temperature and low-pressure environment of the TEM caused the reverse reaction of the well-known vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) method commonly used to grow NWs. In the VLS process, a metal catalyst absorbs reactant vapor until it becomes supersaturated. The precipitation of the NW occurs at the liquid-solid interface, which ceases when there is no longer reactant vapor, and the diameter of the NW is determined by the diameter of the original catalyst. The reverse process, the solid-liquid-vapor (SLV) method occurs when atoms in a solid NW diffuse into the metal catalyst. Eventually, the metal catalyst becomes supersaturated and the vapor escapes at the liquid-vapor interface. In this dissertation we demonstrate the combination of the SLV and the VLS mechanisms to create embedded heterogeneous interfaces in a variety of metal oxides. Metal catalysts are first used to etch metal oxide surfaces producing hollow channels that we term “negative nanowires”, and after etching the metal catalyst is reused to grow a NW of a different material from within the channel to form a crystalline interface. Understanding the chemical structure at these interfaces is both crucial and fascinating because diverse materials may interact in a variety of ways, including atomic mixing of the two structures and/or the formation of an abrupt crystalline interface or gap. We present our approach, therefore, towards gaining a comprehensive understanding of the structure-function relationship of these materials, focusing on particular on the interfacial region, to allow the design of new nanomaterials with tailored functionality.

Cited by 0Open access

How solid–liquid adsorption affects the liquid–vapor interface in pores

Junwen Zhou, Changfu Wei, Yi Dong · Vadose Zone Journal · 2022

Abstract The augmented Young–Laplace (AYL) equation has been widely used to describe the liquid–vapor interfaces affected by capillarity and adsorption, particularly in nanoporous or clay minerals where strong adsorptive interaction prevails. Still, how adsorption ultimately shapes the liquid–vapor interface in pores remains elusive. All current forms of the AYL equation only consider the attractive van der Waals interaction for complete wetting surface and are mostly an extension of the general equation based on thermodynamic principles without rigorous derivation. In this paper, closed forms of the AYL equations are derived by variational calculus method for two typical pore models considering effects of capillarity and adsorption, based on the minimization of free energy for the equilibrium system. The van der Waals, electrical, and structural forces are incorporated as disjoining pressure into the proposed AYL equations to quantify effects of both attractive and repulsive interactions (hence complete and partial wetting conditions) on interfacial geometry and equilibrium matric potential. Numerical calculation algorithms are established to solve the interfacial geometric profiles and characteristics. The proposed model illustrates a transition region on the interface where geometry and physical characteristics are drastically altered under adsorption compared with sole capillarity. Different surface wettabilities are examined for interface profiles and curvature distributions. An apparent contact angle on the partial wetting surface is identified that is approaching complete wetting as the adsorption dominates when pore size reduces. Water retention and interparticle force demonstrate clear distinctions in their evolution, with different particle sizes and varying half‐filling angles under adsorptive conditions as water volume changes.

Cited by 6Open access

Studies of the Liquid/Vapor Interface of Binary Aqueous Solutions and Solid/Liquid Interface of Nanoparticle Colloids

Michael J. Makowski · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · 2016

The interface between two phases of matter is an interaction polestar, a chemically rich intermolecular hub often fraught with science unexplored. May it be the liquid/vapor interfaces of our oceans, rivers and aqueous cloud-based droplets suspended in the atmosphere, or the hydrated solid/liquid interfaces of industrial catalysts and electrodes found in batteries, fuel cells or groundwater remediation plants. No matter the choice, we are regularly exposed to interfaces and staunchly rely on an evolving knowledge-base of such systems to enhance the quality of life.The work to be presented in the following thesis will include the studies of both liquid/vapor and solid/liquid interfaces using experimental and computational techniques. In Chapter 1 is an experimental background highlighting the development of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy toward its use of probing the liquid/vapor interface of liquid micro-jets and the adaptation of this technique to permit near ambient pressures in the sample analysis chamber. The experimental system utilized for the studies herein may be found in Appendix A.Also included in Chapter 1 is a general background on the computational methods required for simulating molecular trajectories of the systems in question. To follow, in Chapter 2, is a description of the program that I have written that evaluates the instantaneous interface of a liquid solution. Input and output les are considered for proper use of the program, and the source is provided in Appendix B.Chapter 3 is a highly comprehensive evaluation of the solvation of 1- and 2-propanol at the surface of aqueous solutions. Results presented are of liquid-jet ambient pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and classical Molecular Dynamics simulations. The direction of these studies were toward elucidating surface concentration, density and orientation effects upon changing the bulk alcohol concentration. The two systems were compared to learn of differences due to elementally identical, but geometrically dissimilar molecules. Discussed is the observation of surface concentration enhancements, orientational ordering and trends of the surface atom populations over varying bulk concentration.Chapter 4 is of the investigation of the solid/liquid interface of suspended titanium dioxide nanoparticles in a high ionic strength, aqueous, nitric acid electrolyte. The goal here was to investigate the affect that the surrounding ions have on the nanoparticle surface. It was the first study to successfully observe band bending at the solid/liquid interface of a colloidal TiO2 nanoparticle in bulk electrolyte solution.

Cited by 0

Adsorption of vapor at a solid interface: a molecular model of clay wetting

Alfred Delville, S. Sokołowski · The Journal of Physical Chemistry · 1993

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdsorption of vapor at a solid interface: a molecular model of clay wettingAlfred Delville and Stefan SokolowskiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 23, 6261–6271Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100125a028https://doi.org/10.1021/j100125a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views270Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts

Cited by 69

Growth of Polycrystalline Tubular Silicon Carbide Yajima-Type\nReaction at the Vapor−Solid Interface

Chia-Hsin Wang (1419082), Huang-Kai Lin (2154178), Tsung-Ying Ke (2481511) et al. · Figshare · 2016

Polycrystalline tubular SiC on Si is prepared by reacting MeSiHCl<sub>2</sub> vapor and Ca thin film on Si at\n773−923 K followed by heat treatment at 1273 K. The reaction is a solvent-free Yajima-type process\ntaking place at the vapor−solid interface. The products phase-segregate into a cable-like radial\nheterostructure composed of a core of CaCl<sub>2</sub> and a shell of SiC<i><sub>x</sub></i>H<i><sub>y</sub></i>. After removal of the CaCl<sub>2</sub> core, the\nlayer of polycrystalline SiC tubes on Si can emit electrons at a low applied field of 2.5 V/μm with a\ncurrent of 10 μA/cm<sup>2</sup>.

Cited by 0Open access

Nanoparticle–laser interaction: computation of size reduction and thermal conductance at solid–vapor interface

Hadi Movahedinejad, Hamid Nadjari, Amir Hossein Farahbod · Journal of the Optical Society of America B · 2019

Laser interaction with a water-immersed metal nanoparticle can bring about a condition such that a bubble is generated and the nanoparticle is evaporated. This phenomenon is strongly dependent on the laser parameters and the nanoparticle size. In this study, we simulate the behavior of a gold nanoparticle and its surrounding medium during interaction with a nanosecond-pulsed laser by considering nanoparticle size reduction, variations in the nanoparticle absorption cross section, and variations in thermal conductance at the nanoparticle–bubble interface. Results show that the bubble dynamics under a low-energy and long-pulse-width laser (so that it does not cause evaporation) strongly depends on the nanoparticle temperature behavior, while under higher laser energy, it is dependent on the amount of nanoparticle size reduction. Moreover, by comparing the nanoparticle thermal behavior with experimental data, we are able to estimate the thermal conductance at the nanoparticle–bubble interface. This simulation not only leads to nanoparticle size control but also helps in understanding the heat transfer processes at nanoscale.

Cited by 1

X-ray Scattering Studies of Maquette Peptide Monolayers.\n2. Interferometry at the Vapor/Solid Interface

Joseph Strzalka (1477027), Xiaoxi Chen (3055170), Christopher C. Moser (3055167) et al. · Figshare · 2016

We apply X-ray interferometry to study the profile structure of Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) monolayers\ncontaining maquette peptides, <i>de </i><i>novo</i> di-α-helical synthetic peptides designed as model systems for studying\nbiological electron transfer. The results demonstrate that it is possible to create monolayers with the\npeptide vectorially oriented with its helical axis (the direction of electron transfer within the holopeptide)\napproximately normal to the surface of the solid support. This orientation can even be achieved when the\norientation of the peptide in the precursor Langmuir film at the air/water interface is parallel to the\nsurface, indicating that reorganization of the monolayer can occur during or after LB deposition. Though\nissues regarding the low density of the film and variability between samples remain to be addressed, the\nwork represents an important step toward future correlated functional/structural studies of these peptides.

Cited by 0Open access

Enhanced Buried Interface Engineering for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells Fabricated via Vapor–Solid Reaction

Yichen Dou, Pin Lv, Zhangwei Yuan et al. · Small Methods · 2024

Vapor-deposited inverted perovskite solar cells utilizing self-assembled monolayer (SAM) as hole transport material have gained significant attention for their high efficiencies and compatibility with silicon/perovskite monolithic tandem devices. However, as a small molecule, the SAM layer suffers low thermal tolerance in comparison with other metal oxide or polymers, rendering poor efficiency in solar device with high-temperature (> 160 °C) fabricating procedures. In this study, a dual modification approach involving AlO<sub>x</sub> and F-doped phenyltrimethylammonium bromide (F-PTABr) layers is introduced to enhance the buried interface. The AlO<sub>x</sub> dielectric layer improves the interface contact and prevents the upward diffusion of SAM molecules during the vapor-solid reaction at 170 °C, while the F-PTABr layer regulates crystal growth and reduces the interfacial defects. As a result, the AlO<sub>x</sub>/F-PTABr-treated perovskite film exhibits a homogeneous, pinhole-free morphology with improved crystal quality compared to the control films. This leads to a champion power conversion efficiency of 21.53% for the inverted perovskite solar cells. Moreover, the encapsulated devices maintained 90% of the initial efficiency after 600 h of ageing at 85 °C in air, demonstrating promising potential for silicon/perovskite tandem application.

Cited by 4

Vapor–Solid Interface Synthesis of Highly Crystalline Covalent Triazine Frameworks for Use as Efficient Photocatalysts

Minghui Chen, Ji Xiong, Quan Shi et al. · Small · 2024

Harsh synthetic conditions for crystalline covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) and associated limitations on structural diversities impede not only further development of functional CTFs, but also practical large-scale synthesis. Herein, a mild and universal vapor-solid interface synthesis strategy is developed for highly crystalline CTFs employing trifluoromethanesulfonic acid vapor as catalysts. A series of highly ordered simple and functional CTFs (CTF-TJUs) can be facilely produced. In particular, the porphyrin-involved functional CTF (CTF-TJU-Por1) with high crystallinity is synthesized for the first time via this universal approach. The mechanism of vapor-catalyzed trimerization of nitrile monomers is thoroughly investigated through semi in situ characterizations. As a proof of concept, the photocatalytic performance of synthesized CTFs for water splitting is evaluated. CTF-TJU-133 exhibits significantly greater photocatalytic rates for hydrogen (4.35 µmol h<sup>-1</sup>) and oxygen (2.18 µmol h<sup>-1</sup>) evolutions during overall water splitting under visible light irradiations compared to other CTF-TJUs, representing one of the highest values among reported CTF photocatalysts. Further studies reveal that enhanced photocatalytic performance of CTF-TJU-133 results from optimized band structure, extended visible-light absorption, and high carrier separation efficiency. This study provides a promising strategy to synthesize various simple and functional CTFs, which significantly enriched diversities of CTF family for different application purposes.

Cited by 10Open access

Effect of Dissolved Air and System Pressure on Pool Boiling from Biphilic Surfaces

将之 山田 · Kyushu University Institutional Repository (QIR) (Kyushu University) · 2018

Background d bubble departure g gas phase l liquid phase xiv lv liquid-vapor interface min minimal value s liquid surface sat saturated condition sl solid-liquid interface sv solid-vapor interface v vapor phase w heating surface Dimensionless numbers Bo

Cited by 1Open access

Gravitational dependence of contact angle hysteresis for a solid defect\n pinning a liquid-vapor interface

Jørgen Vitting Andersen, Henrik Jeldtoft Jensen · arXiv (Cornell University) · 1997

We study the case of contact angle hysteresis, when a solid defect is\nquasi-statically pulled out and pushed into a liquid, in the presence of\ngravity. We solve the problem analytically in an approximation which, in the\ncase of a truncated parabolic pinning force becomes exact in the the limit of\nslow variations in the height of the liquid vapour interface. The case of a\nGaussian pinning force is solved by a geometrical construction. We show that\nthe extension of the defect, and not the capillary length, is the determining\nlength scale, when the extension of the defect is much smaller than the\ncapillary length.\n

Cited by 0Open access

Molecular Dynamics Simulation Of Liquid-Vapor Interface On The Solid Surface Using The Gear-S Algorithm

Davood Toghraie, A. R. Azimian · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · 2009

In this paper, the Lennard -Jones potential is applied to molecules of liquid argon as well as its vapor and platinum as solid surface in order to perform a non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation to study the microscopic aspects of liquid-vapor-solid interactions. The channel is periodic in x and y directions and along z direction it is bounded by atomic walls. It was found that density of the liquids near the solid walls fluctuated greatly and that the structure was more like a solid than a liquid. This indicates that the interactions of solid and liquid molecules are very strong. The resultant surface tension, liquid density and vapor density are found to be well predicted when compared with the experimental data for argon. Liquid and vapor densities were found to depend on the cutoff radius which induces the use of P3M (particle-particle particle-mesh) method which was implemented for evaluation of force and surface tension.

Cited by 13Open access

On-Surface Synthesis of Single-Layered Two-Dimensional\nCovalent Organic Frameworks via Solid–Vapor Interface Reactions

Xuan-He Liu (1597975), Cui-Zhong Guan (1934977), San-Yuan Ding (1934974) et al. · Figshare · 2016

Surface covalent\norganic frameworks (SCOFs), featured by atomic\nthick sheet with covalently bonded organic building units, are promised\nto possess unique properties associated with reduced dimensionality,\nwell-defined in-plane structure, and tunable functionality. Although\na great deal of effort has been made to obtain SCOFs with different\nlinkages and building blocks via both “top-down” exfoliation\nand “bottom-up” surface synthesis approaches, the obtained\nSCOFs generally suffer a low crystallinity, which impedes the understanding\nof intrinsic properties of the materials. Herein, we demonstrate a\nself-limiting solid–vapor interface reaction strategy to fabricate\nhighly ordered SCOFs. The coupling reaction is tailored to take place\nat the solid–vapor interface by introducing one precursor via\nvaporization to the surface preloaded with the other precursor. Following\nthis strategy, highly ordered honeycomb SCOFs with imine linkage are\nobtained. The controlled formation of SCOFs in our study shows the\npossibility of a rational design and synthesis of SCOFs with desired\nfunctionality.

Cited by 0Open access

Liquid phase stabilization versus bubble formation at a nanoscale curved interface

Jarrod Schiffbauer, Tengfei Luo · Physical review. E · 2018

We investigate the nature of vapor bubble formation near a nanoscale-curved convex liquid-solid interface using two models: an equilibrium Gibbs model for homogenous nucleation, and a nonequilibrium dynamic van der Waals-diffuse-interface model for phase change in an initially cool liquid. Vapor bubble formation is shown to occur for sufficiently large radius of curvature and is suppressed for smaller radii. Solid-fluid interactions are accounted for and it is shown that liquid-vapor interfacial energy, and hence Laplace pressure, has limited influence over bubble formation. The dominant factor is the energetic cost of creating the solid-vapor interface from the existing solid-liquid interface, as demonstrated via both equilibrium and nonequilibrium arguments.

Cited by 5Open access