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About 1,897 papers for “space-time block coding”

MIMO SPACE-TIME BLOCK CODING

E.Kavitha*1 & E.Kalpana2 · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · 2019

Wireless networks have quickly become part of everyday life. Wireless LANs, cell phone networks, and personal area networks are just a few examples of widely used wireless networks. However, wireless devices are range and data rate limited. The research community has spent a great deal of effort on finding ways to overcome these limitations. One method is to use Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) links. The multiple antennas allow MIMO systems to perform precoding (multi-layer beamforming), diversity coding (space-time coding), and spatial multiplexing. Beam forming consists of transmitting the same signal with different gain and phase (called weights) over all transmit antennas such that the receiver signal is maximized. Diversity consists of transmitting a single space-time coded stream through all antennas. Spatial multiplexing increases network capacity by splitting a high rate signal into multiple lower rate streams and transmitting them through the different antennas. In spatial multiplexing, the receiver can successfully decode each stream given that the received signals have sufficient spatial signatures and that the receiver has enough antennas to separate the streams. The result of using these MIMO techniques is higher data rate or longer transmit range without requiring additional bandwidth or transmit power. This paper presents a detailed study of diversity coding for MIMO systems. Different space-time block coding (STBC) schemes including Alamouti’s STBC for 2 transmit antennas as well as orthogonal STBC for 3 and 4 transmit antennas are explored. Finally, these STBC techniques are implemented in MATLAB and analyzed for performance according to their bit-error rates using BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM modulation schemes.

Cited by 0Open access

Space-time block coding in correlated channels

B. Friedlander, Joseph M. Francos · 2005

We propose an approach to the problem of constructing linear space-time block-codes that provides a unified treatment to all such codes at any code rate and any number of transmits and receives antennas. The analysis is carried out by considering the bound on the probability of error between any two possible blocks of incoming data, under the constraint that the average transmitted power from each antenna at each time should be equal. We consider both the case of a independent identically distributed channel coefficients, and the case of a correlated low-rank channel.

Cited by 1

Space–Time Block Coding Iterative Multiuser Receiver

Hong Rui Jiang, Kyung Sup Kwak · Journal of Circuits Systems and Computers · 2003

We present a multiuser receiver for CDMA systems with the combination of turbo channel coding and space–time block coding. A turbo scheme based on multiuser detection, soft interference cancellation and decoding is provided, and the algorithms for space–time decoding and separately interference suppressing are derived in this paper. The multiuser detection consists of multiuser interference suppression and single-user space–time decoding. Then we develop the iterative multiuser receiver based on the soft estimates of the interfering users' symbols. Moreover, simulation is given to verify the effectiveness of the multiuser receiver.

Cited by 0

Channel Capacity of Space-Time Block Coding

Hector Carrasco Espinosa, Javier R. Fonollosa, J. A. Delgado Penin · 2001

Multiple-element transmit and receive antennas have shown very promising results for improved bit error rate and spectral efficiency. Space-Time Block Coding (STBC) is one of the remarkable modulation schemes proposed for multiple-antenna wireless systems providing full diversity gains. STBC require simple encoding and decoding at low computational cost. On the other hand, however, the data rate is well below the theoretic capacity limit of the Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) channel, because STBC performance is equivalent to a combined transmit and receive maximal ratio combiner. In this work, we present results of channel capacity associated to the use of the STBC matrices proposed in the related publications. The channel is assumed to be Rayleigh or Rice, quasi-static and flat, uncorrelated and partially correlated according to a realistic channel model. Capacity is computed by Monte-Carlo simulations for a horizontal uniform linear array at the base station, in a macro cellular urban environment.

Cited by 0

Space--Time Block Coding and Receive Diversity

For Wlan Ieee, Christof Jonietz, Wolfgang H. Gerstacker et al. · 2005

In this paper, we investigate time--reversal space-- time block codes (TR--STBCs) and receive diversity for complementary code keying (CCK) modulation, which is employed in the wireless local area network (WLAN) standard IEEE 802.11b. The construction of TR--STBCs from orthogonal space--time block codes designed for flat fading channels for an arbitrary number of transmit antennas is discussed. Furthermore, an equivalent single--input single--output (SISO) transmission model for CCK is derived, which combines the effects of space--time coding and multiple receive antennas. For indoor multipath fading channels numerical results are provided for TR--STBCs with two and three transmit antennas, which demonstrate that significant gains can be obtained compared to a SISO transmission. For detection, decision--feedback equalization (DFE) and reduced-- state sequence estimation (RSSE) especially tailored for CCK transmission are considered.

Cited by 0

Combined Beamforming and Space-Time Block Coding . . .

Robert H. Morelos-Zaragoza, Mohammad Ghavami · 2002

For commercial applications, mobile handset arrays can only be realizable if the number of antenna elements multiplied by the element spacing does not exceed the largest dimension. To give a numerical example, assuming a carrier frequency of 5 GHz and a conventional spacing between elements of half wavelength, four elements can be considered a practical choice. However, simple narrowband beamformers with a low number of elements produce beams that are not sharp. In addition, beams created in this manner are correlated in space. The values of spatial correlation between beams are strongly dependent on the angles of the beams as well as the angular difference between them [1]. In this paper

Cited by 0

Space-Time Coding in Block Fading Channels

Kamel Tourki, Mohamed-slim Alouini, Luc Deneire et al. · 2008

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et a ̀ la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Cited by 0

Differential Diversity-Embedding Space Time Block Coding

Payam Rabiei, Naofal Al‐Dhahir · 2006

Diversity-embedding space time block coding (DE- STBC) introduced in enables unequal error protection (UEP) using multiple transmit antennas. Even though these codes do not require channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter, they do need it at the receiver for decoding. A differential scheme is proposed in this paper to eliminate the need for channel estimation at the receiver which is especially costly with multiple transmit and receive antennas. Since most previously proposed differential schemes in the literature are based on orthogonal STBC, they are not applicable to the non-orthogonal family of DE-STBC considered in this paper.

Cited by 3

Space-time block coding-from a physical perspective

T. Lo, Vahid Tarokh · 2003

Space-time block coding (STBC) is an effective transmit diversity scheme. It was presented previously by in terms of coding and decoding by Alamouti (see IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol.16, no.8, p.1451-58, 1998) and by Tarokh, Jafarkhani and Calderbank (see IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 1999). Here, STBC is examined from a different perspective; namely the radiation patterns resulting from simultaneous transmission from multiple transmit antennas.

Cited by 13

A new differential space-time block coding scheme

Xun Shao, Jinhong Yuan · 2003

Most existing space-time coding schemes rely heavily on accurate channel estimation at the receiver., which is a difficult task in rapidly fading environment. The previous Tarokh and Jafarkhani (see IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Comm., vol.18, no.7, p.1169-1174, 2000) differential space-time block code (DSTBC) suffers from the signal constellation expansion for QPSK and 8PSK modulation. We present a new differential space-time block coding scheme without constellation expansion. This is achieved by choosing differential coefficients appropriately in the signal mapping. The new scheme can be decoded by a Viterbi decoder. More importantly, it provides a differential coding gain of 1 dB-1.5 dB due to the redundancy introduced in the differential coding and it is only 2 dB away from the coherent space-time block codes.

Cited by 2

Space-Time Block Coding With Optimal Antenna Selection

Dhananjay Gore Arogyaswami · 2001

Space-time block codes provide maximal diversity advantage over a fading channel. This paper presents a novel technique that provides additional diversity gain by coupling antenna selection with a space-time block code. Specifically, we provide a choice of transmit antenna elements at the transmitter and transmit a space-time code over the optimal antenna pair. We present the optimal selection rule and quantify the improved performance in terms of gain in average SNR. The average SNR gain is calculated as a function of the number of transmit antenna elements and the number of receive antennas. We also investigate the improvement in outage capacity.

Cited by 0

Space-time block coding with imperfect channel estimates

Dirk Alan Baker · 2001

Space-time block coding (STBC) is a method that combines diversity and coding without a corresponding increase in bandwidth and with minimal complexity in the receiver. The performance of STBC with perfect channel state information (CSI) being available at the receiver has been shown to provide approximately 10 dB of improvement over uncoded transmission in Rayleigh fading when using Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) at a bit error rate of 10 -3. In this thesis, the performance of space-time block codes is analyzed when the receiver must rely on noisy, or imperfect, estimates of the channel. It is shown that for a QPSK signal constellation the system is robust to errors introduced into the amplitude of the channel estimate, but exhibits extreme performance degradation with errors in the phase of the estimate. In fact, as phase error approaches 0.5 radians the performance breaks down completely. A pilot sequence estimation scheme will be shown that provides performance within 2 dB of the case of perfect CSI at half the data rate.

Cited by 0Open access

Space-time block coding for noncoherently detected CPFSK

Pancaldi F., Vitetta G. M. · IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia) · 2006

In this paper the problem of unitary rate space-time block coding for multiple-input multiple-output communication systems employing continuous phase frequency shift keying is investigated. First, the problem of optimal codeword by codeword noncoherent detection is analysed; then, design criteria for optimal space-time block codes are proposed and some novel coding schemes are devised. Simulation results evidence that the proposed schemes can efficiently exploit spatial diversity and that their use can entail a limited energy loss with respect to other solutions available in the technical literature for coherent systems, with the substantial advantage, however, of a simple detection algorithm.

Cited by 0

Space-Time Block Coding (STBC) for Wireless Networks

Sujatha Banka · 2012

Wireless designers constantly seek to improve the spectrum efficiency/capacity, coverage of wireless networks and link reliability. Space-time wireless technology that uses multiple antennas along with appropriate signalling and receiver techniques offers a powerful tool for improving wireless performance. More advanced MIMO techniques are planned for future mobile networks in wireless Local Area Network (LANs) and Wide Area Network (WANs). Multiple antennas when used with appropriate Space-Time Coding (STC) techniques can achieve huge performance gains in multipath fading wireless links. The Space Time Coding has evolved as a most vibrant research area in wireless communications. Recently, Space-Time Block Coding (STBC) has been trying to incorporate in the forthcoming generation of mobile communication standard which aims to deliver true multimedia capability. This paper presents the Space-Time Block Codes (STBC) for wireless networks that uses multiple numbers of antennas at both transmitter and receiver. The simulations have been done in MATLAB. The STBC which includes the Alamouti Scheme as well as an orthogonal STBC for 4 transmit antenna case has been simulated and studied.

Cited by 14

Serial concatenated MSK modulated space-time block coding

Yi Yao, M.K. Howlader · 2004

In this article, we propose iterative noncoherent (without knowledge of fading phase) and non-CSI (without knowledge of fading phase and amplitude) decoding for space-time block coding (STBC) by employing MSK modulation instead of commonly used PSK. Beyond a simple replacement, MSK modulated STBC (MSK-STBC) reduces the smallest resolvable time interval from STBC code duration, necessary for differential space-time coding (DST), to MSK symbol duration, and thus presents consistent and enhanced system performance in fast fading channels. The efficiency of our schemes is validated and illustrated via theoretical analysis and numerical simulations.

Cited by 13

Secure Space-Time Block Coding without Transmitter CSI

T. Allen, Jung-Fu Cheng, Naofal Al‐Dhahir · IEEE Wireless Communications Letters · 2014

A new technique is presented for securing a space-time block code in the presence of an eavesdropper without channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. Assuming channel reciprocity between the transmitter and the intended receiver, we use the receive signal strength indicator, which is much easier to estimate reliably than CSI, to randomly rotate the information symbols at each transmit antenna without increasing the transmit signal's peak-to-average ratio. It is shown that the proposed scheme guarantees full diversity to an intended recipient while reducing the diversity order of an eavesdropper to zero even in the presence of perfect channel state information.

Cited by 23