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About 10,000 papers for “Problem statement”
Olga Bogdanova · Alfred Nobel University Journal of Philoligy · 2018
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Cited by 0Open access
Anna ºubowicz · 2013
Palatalization (henceforth, NSP), by which postalveolar voiceless fricatives /Ó / become prepalatal [Ñ] before a high front vowel [i]. There is also a
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Ronald L. Ketcham, Ronald L Ketcham · 1983
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Travis Weber · 2010
Since 2006 the number of housing foreclosures has increased significantly. This increase is taking a toll on many communities across the nation, including Louisville, Kentucky. The percentage of delinquent mortgage loans in the Commonwealth of Kentucky has risen sharply, jumping nearly 3.5 % since 2006, while the percentage of delinquent loans entering foreclosure has risen just as sharply according to the Kentucky Office of the Courts. The number of foreclosed properties proceeding to Master Commissioner sale has more than tripled between 2002 and 2008, to over 3000 foreclosures scheduled to take place. The number of foreclosures is negatively impacting the local, state and federal governments. Kentucky is expected to lose up to $3.4 million between 2007 and 2009 in property tax revenue due to the increases in foreclosures. Many homeowners are searching for a way to relieve their delinquent payments and the Federal Government is making many efforts to assist them. The National Foreclosure Mitigation Counseling program is one of those efforts. Research Strategy The research will utilize the regression model and a multinomial logit model to assess the foreclosure mitigation counseling program from the Housing Partnership, Inc.
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D. Migault, Francetelecom Orange, C. Williams · 2012
draft-mglt-mif-security-requirements-03.txt IKEv2 is the protocol used to set up and negotiate Security Associations between nodes. IKEv2 has not been designed for nodes with multiple interfaces. This document is focused on IKEv2 ability to set up IPsec protected communications between nodes with multiple interfaces. This document states the problems and provides requirements for IKEv2 to ease IPsec for multiple interface communication. Status of this Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-Drafts is at
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Dri Call No. ^l^^ues, R J. Fortin, R. J. Fortin · 1973
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2007
Transit mode share is used as a critical policy barometer at various geographic levels. Its magnitudes and temporal trends play an important role in both policy debates at areawide levels (nationwide, states, regions, etc.) and in performance monitoring at sub-area levels (activity centers and corridors). The census journey-to-work data have typically been used for areawide measurement of transit’s usual mode share, i.e., the share of workers who usually use transit for commuting. There has been much controversy and confusion in the literature about using census journey-to-work data for measuring transit mode share. Among the controversies is whether transit mode share should be measured only for locations where transit is available. The confusion relates to whether transit’s usual mode share would understate transit’s actual mode share, i.e., the share of work trips that are made by transit as revealed by respondents to daily travel surveys. Objectives The research goal was to examine the controversy and confusion in the literature and to develop alternative measures of transit mode share. To accomplish this goal, the research was designed to accomplish the following five objectives: 1) to develop a framework for considering the measurement of transit mode share; 2) to analyze the confusion on the relationship between transit’s usual and actual mode shares; 3) to assess the sensitivity of transit mode share to a variety of controversies raised about using the census journey-to-work data to measuring transit mode share; 4) to examine areawide measurement of transit mode share; and 5) to examine sub-area measurement of transit mode share. Findings and Conclusions These objectives have been successfully achieved. The following summarizes the main findings and conclusions for each of these objectives.
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Zbigniew Duliński, Piotr Wydrych, Stankiewicz, Rafał · Jagiellonian University Repository (Jagiellonian University) · 2011
This draft considers an approach to the optimization of the traffic generated by the overlay (peer-to-peer) applications, where some information on inter-AS (Autonomous System) paths is obtained with the usage of dedicated communication scheme known as inter-ALTO communication. The large amount of network traffic generated by overlay applications requires effective management. This traffic traverses inter-AS links and thus generates substantial costs for the operators and poses problems with overload on the external and internal links. The traffic is not time-stable as the peers connect and disconnect very often. Additionally, when the overlay traffic is observed on inter-AS links, it can be seen that sources and destinations change in a very short period of time. The ALTO (Application-Layer Traffic Optimization) service provides the information that enables more efficient management of the overlay traffic. Such applications can use the information to perform better-than-random peer selection. The ALTO servers are responsible for a pre-selection procedure; the final selection is done by overlay clients and then the ALTO protocol conveys network information to applications. To be credible, this information should be as close to real network situation as possible. However, some types of data are not hold by an operator, but they should be gained on the basis of the additional information exchange with other AS operators. This document presents rationale for the need of introduction of the inter-ALTO communication.
Cited by 2
Xiaohong Zeng 中国厦门大学海外教育学院, Zenghsu Chen 美国洛杉矶美中教育科学文化交流中心 · 2015
The common language that’s used in China is standard Mandarin (Pu Tong Hua in Chinese). It is the national language of the more than 1.3 billion inhabitants of China and millions more ethnic Chinese around the globe and is the world's most widely spoken language. In the United States, there are 24,000 children studying Chinese.1 Learning Mandarin, to an English or a Spanish speaker, shall understand the phonemes of Mandarin consonants because it’s different to English or Spanish consonant system.
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Ruediger Geib, Robert Raszuk, Stefano Previdi et al. · 2014
The ability for a node to specify a forwarding path, other than the normal shortest path, that a particular packet will traverse, benefits a number of network functions. Source-based routing mechanisms have previously been specified for network protocols, but have not seen widespread adoption. In this context, the term 'source' means 'the point at which the explicit route is imposed'. This document outlines various use cases, with their requirements, that need to be taken into account by the Source Packet Routing in Networking (SPRING) architecture.
Cited by 2
Wusu, Oluwaseyi · Figshare · 2017
A research problem is an issue or concern that an investigator or a researcher presents and justifies in his/her research study.A research problem is based on five elements with a flow of ideas:Topic : Subject AreaSocial Works: a) A Concern b) A Problem c) Something that needs a solutionEvidence for the issue: a) Evidence from literature b) Evidence from practical experienceDeficiencies in the evidence: a) In this body of evidence, what is missing? i.e. the gap in knowledge b)What do we need to know more about What remedying the deficiencies will do for the audiences: How will addressing what we need to know help a) researchers b) educators, c) policy makers d) individual in the study
Cited by 0Open access
William Coleman · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · 2007
This book explores the causes, costs and benefits of inflation. It argues that while the cause of inflation is essentially monetary, the costs and benefits of inflation lie in inflation’s distortion of the economy's responses to real shocks.
Cited by 5
Eville Gorham · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota) · 1969
Cited by 0Open access
John Elwell · 2008
SIP has long supported the use of both email-style addresses (user@host) and telephone-style addresses (number@host) in the From: address. A significant number of SIP deployments use the latter style with E.164 numbers. This document describes the problems that occur when such E.164 numbers are used in SIP.
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Matthew Royle, Supervisor Prof, Shaun Bangay et al. · 2009
OpenCL has been developed for writing programs that run in parallel. While OpenCL has been engineered to take advantage of GPUs (General Processing Units) it could potentially be used on other architectures such as multi-core CPUs available in the latest generation of desktop PCs, or over networks of individual machines. While the standard is available at present, no implementation has yet been completed. This project will investigate the implementation of OpenCL through the reuse of existing technolo-gies. Rather than provide a dedicated OpenCL compiler producing architecture specific parallel code, this project will create a translator for OpenCL programs to existing parallel processing frameworks. This can could be as simple as a threads implementation on a PC, or a GPGPU based version using platforms such as CUDA. The emphasis in this project will be on cunning software engineering, to achieve the most effective project with the least amount of effort. Secondary goals will be the evaluation of the OpenCL standard on various architectures. 4. Rationale and Motivation Since the rendering of graphics is a mathematically intensive task, GPUs were originally developed
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Marca Weinberg, Rick Markgraf · 2014
In the last two centuries nearly half of all wetland acres in the conterminous United States have been drained and/or filled in efforts to “reclaim ” these lands for agriculture and other “more productive ” uses. Wetland conversions have been even more extensive in California, which has lost approximately ninety percent of its historic wetlands. Many of the benefits of un-impacted wetland systems were lost in the process. Wetlands can contribute to water quality enhancement, flood control, recreation opportunities, provision of habitat for valued species, contribution to the stability of global elemental cycles, and more. These benefits, or “ecosystem services, ” from wetlands are increasingly being recognized and are motivating wetlands preservation and conservation efforts. For example, CALFED, a collaborative planning effort between federal and state agencies in California, is charged with restoring the natural functions of the San Francisco Bay-Delta ecosystem, and wetland restoration is a central component of this high-profile activity. However, development pressure on wetlands remains high in California and throughout the U.S. Many recent economic analyses of trends in wetlands conversion indicate that the costs to society from further wetlands conversions exceed the
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Observavility Brunovsky, Normal Form, Driss Boutat et al. · 2013
Abstract — This paper gives the sufficient and necessary conditions to guarantee the existence of a linear change of coordinates to transform a multi-output linear dynamical system (modulo a nonlinear term depending on inputs and outputs) in the observability Brunovsky canonical form.
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Arthur Vona · 2008
We propose a new generic modeling framework, with validating hardware experiments, for hyper-modular mechanisms and robots (tens to thousands of modules) which may exhibit extreme redundancy and parallelism. Our framework efficiently captures the second-order effects of dimensional tolerance and uncertain mechanical play and flexibility, and helps enable efficient actuator cooperation for force and torque (power) aggregation. each module type into a minimal number of kinematic reference frames which capture the actual relative poses of critical geometries, such as connectors and manipulators. Usually only a few such calibrated models are needed for any particular system, since the number of types of modules is typically low. Intra-module rotary and linear kinematic DOF are represented as one-parameter continuously variable transformations among the reference frames, and connective DOF (inter-module mechanical docking) are represented correspondingly as finite sets of rigid transformations, where the size of the set is the number of different relative poses in which the docking mechanism can hold the modules. Intra-module dimensional variations, an inherent uncertainty, are modeled by replacing the fixed transforms between frames within the rigid parts of a module with neighborhoods of transforms in the Special Euclidean
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Manoj S. Nagmode · 2019
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Jayadev Misra · 1999
Consider a set of asynchronous processes where each process executes a sequence of phases; a process begins its next phase only upon completion of its previous phase. What constitutes a phase is irrelevant for our purposes. It is required to design a synchronization mechanism that guarantees that: • No process begins phase (k + 1) until all processes have completed phase k, k ≥ 0. (Initially, all processes have completed their phase 0.) • No process will be permanently blocked from executing its phase (k + 1) if all processes have completed their phase k, k ≥ 0. Assume that the processes communicate through shared variables; contentions for access (read or write) to a shared variable by different processes are resolved arbitrarily but fairly (i.e., any process attempting to read/write a shared variable will do so eventually). Nothing may be assumed about the initial values of the shared variables. In the absence of this requirement, the following simple algorithm suffices: A counter variable c is initially 0; c is incremented by 1 whenever a process completes a phase; a process begins its phase (k + 1) only if c ≥ k × N, where N is the number of processes. One of the applications of phase synchronization is to initialize the variables
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